Enhancement of the Diversity of Pollinators and Beneficial Insects in Intensively Managed Vineyards.

(1) Modern, intensive agricultural practices have been attributed to the loss of insect biodiversity and abundance in agroecosystems for the last 80 years. The aim of this work is to test whether there are statistically significant differences in insect abundance between different zones and over time on the vineyard field. (2) The study was carried out in five intensive wine farms in Spain over a three-year period (2013-2015). Each field was divided into two zones, one where cover plants were planted, and another remained unchanged (without cover). (3) A clear trend to increase the average number of insect species and individuals throughout the years in all farms was observed. Moreover, the zones with cover plants showed a significant difference with respect to the zones without. (4) The use of permanent cover plants allows creating areas of refuge for the insects favouring their conservation and reducing the agriculture impact in the insect decline.

[Spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the rural area of two municipalities of Cundinamarca, Colombia].

INTRODUCTION: It is difficult to adapt or create new strategies for dengue control in rural areas due to the dispersion of homes and the lack of knowledge about the presence and behavior of the vector in these areas. Spatial data analysis could help understand time and space dynamics related to the transmission of vector-borne diseases in rural areas and, thus, contribute to the prevention and control of dengue. OBJECTIVE: To determine the probability of the presence of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in the rural area of the municipalities of Anapoima and La Mesa, in the central area of Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The probability of the presence or absence of the vector in the study area was determined by means of the kriging spatial interpolation method. RESULTS: The region with the highest probability of the presence of the vector was located in the central part, close to the urban centers of both municipalities. CONCLUSION: This study shows the importance of geostatistics for the surveillance of vector-borne diseases and the analysis of time and space dynamics of vector insects and of diseases transmitted by them.

Distribución espacial de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) en el área rural de dos municipios de Cundinamarca, Colombia / Spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the rural area of two municipalities of Cundinamarca, Colombia

Resumen Introducción. Es difícil adaptar o formular nuevas estrategias para el control del dengue en las áreas rurales debido a la dispersión de los hogares y a la falta de conocimiento sobre la presencia y el comportamiento del vector en estas áreas. El análisis de los datos espaciales podría ayudar a comprender las dinámicas temporales y espaciales relacionadas con la transmisión de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en las zonas rurales y, por lo tanto, contribuir a la prevención y el control del dengue. Objetivo. Determinar la probabilidad de la presencia del vector del dengue, Aedes aegypti, en el área rural de los municipios de Anapoima y La Mesa, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se visitaron 102 viviendas del área rural, se inspeccionaron los criaderos potenciales del mosquito A. aegypti y se capturaron las formas adultas encontradas en su interior. La probabilidad de la presencia o la ausencia del vector en el área de estudio, se estableció mediante el método de interpolación espacial kriging. Resultados. La región con mayor probabilidad para la presencia del vector se encontró en la parte central, cerca de los centros urbanos de los dos municipios. Conclusión. Los análisis de las dinámicas espacio-temporales de los vectores de enfermedades pueden utilizarse en los sistemas para su vigilancia, con el fin de complementar los métodos usados actualmente, optimizar la determinación de las áreas de intervención de control vectorial y ahorrar recursos.

Abstract Introduction: It is difficult to adapt or create new strategies for dengue control in rural areas due to the dispersion of homes and the lack of knowledge about the presence and behavior of the vector in these areas. Spatial data analysis could help understand time and space dynamics related to the transmission of vector-borne diseases in rural areas and, thus, contribute to the prevention and control of dengue. Objective: To determine the probability of the presence of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in the rural area of the municipalities of Anapoima and La Mesa, in the central area of Colombia. Materials and methods: The probability of the presence or absence of the vector in the study area was determined by means of the kriging spatial interpolation method. Results: The region with the highest probability of the presence of the vector was located in the central part, close to the urban centers of both municipalities. Conclusion: This study shows the importance of geostatistics for the surveillance of vector-borne diseases and the analysis of time and space dynamics of vector insects and of diseases transmitted by them.