COVID-19: A look from the perspective of bioethics / COVID-19: una mirada desde la perspectiva de la bioética

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[Outbreak of Whooping cough in 2016.Écija, Seville, Spain]. / Brote epidémico por Tos ferina en Écija (Sevilla), 2016.

OBJECTIVE: Whooping cough is a global public health problem, is a highly contagious disease, and despite universal vaccination increased incidence is observed. The aim of this study was to describe the investigation of a population outbreak. METHODS: A descriptive study of a population outbreak of whooping cough between February and June 2016 in Ecija (Seville). Case and outbreak definitions was taken of Whooping Cough Monitoring Protocol. Information was collected from Health History, Epidemiological Monitoring System and Laboratory. For statistical analysis used the free software R, for measuring quantitative variables were presented, median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values and percentiles for qualitative variables frequency distribution. RESULTS: 91 suspected cases were identified, ruling 33. Of the remaining 58, 42 cases were confirmed and 16 probable cases. The cases have presented an average age of 10,24 years. 62,1% of cases occurred in women. The incidence during the duration of the outbreak was 148,51 cases/100.000 people globally, and 851,06 cases/100.000 people in under 14 years. All children under 18 years were successfully vaccinated in primary vaccination and only 2 children lacked the fifth dose. The average time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 24,86 days. CONCLUSIONS: The establishment of monitoring and control measures have managed to limit and resolve the outbreak. It is recommended to enhance the information and coordination between the various levels of care (Primary care/Specialist) and professionals (Clinical/Epidemiology).

OBJETIVO: La tos ferina representa un problema de salud pública mundial, es una enfermedad muy contagiosa y, a pesar de la vacunación universal, se observa un aumento de incidencia. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la investigación de un brote epidémico. METODOS: Estudio descriptivo de un brote poblacional de tos ferina entre febrero y junio de 2016 en Écija (Sevilla). Se utilizaron definiciones de caso y brote del Protocolo de Vigilancia de Tos ferina. Se recogió información de Historia de Salud, Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Laboratorio. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante software libre R, para variables cuantitativas se presentaron media, mediana, desviación estándar, valores mínimo y máximo y percentiles, para las variables cualitativas distribución de frecuencias. RESULTADOS: Se identificó a 91 pacientes sospechosos, descartándose 33. Los 58 restantes se identificaron como casos, clasificándose 42 casos confirmados y 16 probables. Los casos presentaron una edad media de 10,24 años, siendo el 62,1% mujeres. La incidencia fue de 148,51 casos/100.000 habitantes de manera global y de 851,06 casos/100.000 habitantes en menores de 14 años. Todos los menores de 18 años estaban correctamente vacunados en primovacunación y a 2 niños les faltaba la quinta dosis. El tiempo medio entre inicio de síntomas y diagnóstico fue de 24,86 días. CONCLUSIONES: Las medidas de vigilancia y control establecidas consiguieron limitar y resolver el brote. Se recomienda potenciar la información y coordinación entre los distintos niveles asistenciales (Atención Primaria/Especializada) y profesionales (Clínicos/Epidemiología).

Brote epidémico por Tos Ferina en Écija (Sevilla), 2016 / Outbreak of whooping cough in 2016. Écija, Seville, Spain

Fundamentos: La tos ferina representa un problema de salud pública mundial, es una enfermedad muy contagiosa y, a pesar de la vacunación universal, se observa un aumento de incidencia. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la investigación de un brote epidémico. Método: Estudio descriptivo de un brote poblacional de tos ferina entre febrero y junio de 2016 en Écija (Sevilla). Se utilizaron definiciones de caso y brote del Protocolo de Vigilancia de Tos ferina. Se recogió información de Historia de Salud, Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Laboratorio. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante software libre R, para variables cuantitativas se presentaron media, mediana, desviación estándar, valores mínimo y máximo y percentiles, para las variables cualitativas distribución de frecuencias. Resultados: Se identificó a 91 pacientes sospechosos, descartándose 33. Los 58 restantes se identificaron como casos, clasificándose 42 casos confirmados y 16 probables. Los casos presentaron una edad media de 10,24 años, siendo el 62,1% mujeres. La incidencia fue de 148,51 casos/100.000 habitantes de manera global y de 851,06 casos/100.000 habitantes en menores de 14 años. Todos los menores de 18 años estaban correctamente vacunados en primovacunación y a 2 niños les faltaba la quinta dosis. El tiempo medio entre inicio de síntomas y diagnóstico fue de 24,86 días. Conclusiones: Las medidas de vigilancia y control establecidas consiguieron limitar y resolver el brote. Se recomienda potenciar la información y coordinación entre los distintos niveles asistenciales (Atención Primaria/ Especializada) y profesionales (Clínicos/Epidemiología) (AU)

Background: Whooping cough is a global public health problem, is a highly contagious disease, and despite universal vaccination increased incidence is observed. The aim of this study was to describe the investigation of a population outbreak. Method: A descriptive study of a population outbreak of whooping cough between February and June 2016 in Ecija (Seville). Case and outbreak definitions was taken of Whooping Cough Monitoring Protocol. Information was collected from Health History, Epidemiological Monitoring System and Laboratory. For statistical analysis used the free software R, for measuring quantitative variables were presented, median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values and percentiles for qualitative variables frequency distribution. Results: 91 suspected cases were identified, ruling 33. Of the remaining 58, 42 cases were confirmed and 16 probable cases. The cases have presented an average age of 10,24 years. 62,1% of cases occurred in women. The incidence during the duration of the outbreak was 148,51 cases/100.000 people globally, and 851,06 cases/100.000 people in under 14 years. All children under 18 years were successfully vaccinated in primary vaccination and only 2 children lacked the fifth dose. The average time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 24,86 days. Conclusions: The establishment of monitoring and control measures have managed to limit and resolve the outbreak. It is recommended to enhance the information and coordination between the various levels of care (Primary care/Specialist) and professionals (Clinical/Epidemiology) (AU)

Percepción de riesgos laborales en profesionales de Enfermería de un centro sanitario / Occupational risks perception in professional nursing practitioners at health care center

OBJETIVO: Describir y analizar los riesgos laborales percibidos por las profesionales de enfermería de un centro sanitario. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo transversal sobre una población total de 122 diplomadas universitarias en enfermería (DUE) y 89 auxiliares de enfermería (AE). Se seleccionó una muestra por conveniencia entre profesionales que acudieron a vigilancia de la salud, de 72 DUE (27 hombres y 45 mujeres) y 45 AE (un hombre y 44 mujeres). Se preguntó a las profesionales por los riesgos laborales percibidos en su trabajo habitual, se recogieron las variables sexo y edad, así como los accidentes laborales y la formación en prevención de riesgos laborales en los últimos 5 años de registros internos. La edad media de la muestra fue de 47,29±7,98 años (DUE: 45,11; AE: 50,77). RESULTADOS: Los principales riesgos percibidos entre las DUE fueron los accidentes por exposición a material biológico (52,78%), cargas/movilizaciones (19,44%) y estrés laboral (19,44%); entre las AE fueron las cargas y movilizaciones (44,44%), los accidentes por exposición a material biológico (26,67%) y otras infecciones (15,56%). En cuanto al número total de riesgos percibidos por las profesionales se aprecia que el 23,08% de ellas no perciben ningún riesgo en su trabajo habitual, el 35,04% solo percibe un riesgo y el 29,06% percibe 2 riesgos laborales en su trabajo habitual, mientras que el 12,82% percibe 3 o más riesgos laborales. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una infraestimación de riesgos laborales a los que las profesionales de enfermería se encuentran expuestas en su trabajo habitual, centrándose la percepción en riesgos biológicos, musculoesqueléticos y estrés

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study aim is to describe the perception of occupational risks by nursing professionals in health care center. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a total population of 122 registered nurses (RNs) and 89 certified nurse aides (CNAs). A convenience sample of nursing professionals was recruited with 72 RNs (27 males and 45 females), and 45 CNAs (1 male and 44 females). They were asked about their perception of occupational risks during their everyday work practice. Sex and age variables were considered, as well as work-related accidents and occupational risk prevention training that had been registered in the last five years. The sample mean age was 47.29±7.98 years (RNs, 45.11; and CNAs, 50.77). RESULTS: Main sources of risks as perceived by RNs were those accidents due to biological materials exposure (52.78%), carrying and moving weight (19.44%), and to occupational stress (19.44%); amongst CNAs, those accidents due to carrying and moving weight (44.44%), biological materials exposure (26.67%) and other infections (15.56%) were also mentioned. As regards the overall risks identified by these professionals, 23.08% of them had perceived no risk at all during their work; 35.04% only identified one risk, and 29.06% perceived two risks in their day to day activity, whereas 12.82% identified three or more occupational risks. CONCLUSIONS: As a general rule, the nursing professionals tend to underestimate the occupational risks they are exposed to, with biological, musculoskeletal, and occupational-related stress are perceived as the main sources of risks

[Occupational risks perception in professional nursing practitioners at health care center]. / Percepción de riesgos laborales en profesionales de Enfermería de un centro sanitario.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study aim is to describe the perception of occupational risks by nursing professionals in health care center. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a total population of 122 registered nurses (RNs) and 89 certified nurse aides (CNAs). A convenience sample of nursing professionals was recruited with 72 RNs (27 males and 45 females), and 45 CNAs (1 male and 44 females). They were asked about their perception of occupational risks during their everyday work practice. Sex and age variables were considered, as well as work-related accidents and occupational risk prevention training that had been registered in the last five years. The sample mean age was 47.29 ± 7.98 years (RNs, 45.11; and CNAs, 50.77). RESULTS: Main sources of risks as perceived by RNs were those accidents due to biological materials exposure (52.78%), carrying and moving weight (19.44%), and to occupational stress (19.44%); amongst CNAs, those accidents due to carrying and moving weight (44.44%), biological materials exposure (26.67%) and other infections (15.56%) were also mentioned. As regards the overall risks identified by these professionals, 23.08% of them had perceived no risk at all during their work; 35.04% only identified one risk, and 29.06% perceived two risks in their day to day activity, whereas 12.82% identified three or more occupational risks. CONCLUSIONS: As a general rule, the nursing professionals tend to underestimate the occupational risks they are exposed to, with biological, musculoskeletal, and occupational-related stress are perceived as the main sources of risks.