Is Caffeine Recommended Before Exercise? A Systematic Review To Investigate Its Impact On Cardiac Autonomic Control Via Heart Rate And Its Variability.

Evaluating different doses of caffeine (CAF) on heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) during and following exercise in order to assess its impact on autonomic control. We intended to evaluate the influence of CAF as a supplement before exercise on HRV through a systematic review. Manuscripts were selected based on electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases from 2010 to 2019 and followed the protocol Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). Blind randomized designs and controlled trials that reported the influence of CAF on HRV during exercise and during recovery from exercise, with strength of evidence assessed using the GRADE system; the search for the studies was organized using the PICOS strategy. A total of 1797 articles were recognized, following the screening and eligibility stages, 9 studies continued to the final sample. Six studies reported that the combination of CAF supplementation with physical exercise exhibited higher HR when compared to the placebo group during post-exercise recovery; additionally, prolonged activation of sympathetic cardiac control and delayed parasympathetic reactivation following exercise was observed. However, three studies demonstrated no CAF influence when using similar doses. This review observed equivocal results in HR and HRV recovery following exercise with the presence of CAF consumption. These findings cannot confirm the cardiac autonomic changes observed where entirely due to the influence of CAF, and further studies should be performed to better understand this relationship.KEY TEACHING POINTSCAF increased HR during exercise and throughout the recovery period.CAF prolonged post exercise sympathetic activity.CAF delayed vagal reactivation.Deviations in HRV and HR are dependent on the combination of three main factors: CAF dosage, type of exercise, and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Vivências de violência obstétrica experimentadas por parturientes / Experiences of obstetric violence experienced by parturients

INTRODUÇÃO: A violência apresenta várias faces e, nesse contexto, pode ocorrer no cenário das instituições de saúde a violência obstétrica, que pode ser definida por qualquer ato ou conduta que venha a causar morte, sofrimento seja de ordem sexual, física ou psicológica à mulher, que pode ocorrer em instituições públicas ou privadas. OBJETIVO: Analisar as experiências de trabalho de parto e parto de mulheres que sofreram violência obstétrica. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem qualitativa. Desenvolveu-se em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do município de Juazeiro do Norte, região Sul do Ceará, Brasil. Foram convidadas a participar do estudo mulheres que sofreram violência obstétrica no referido município e que estivessem cadastradas em UBS desta mesma cidade. Os critérios de inclusão, mulheres que foram mães em um período de até seis meses e sofreram violência obstétrica. Para a coleta de dados, realizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada, utilizando-se do critério de saturação dos dados. Para a interpretação dos resultados foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: O estudo evidenciou que as mulheres sentiram medo, insegurança e ficaram de fato assustadas em estar no ambiente da maternidade. Revelou que à assistência precisa ser modificada, com maior clareza, até para os profissionais, sobre a violência obstétrica. Notou-se que as mulheres não souberam identificar ao certo o que é violência obstétrica e de que forma sofreu essa violência. E por fim, percebeu-se que essa violência afeta no vinculo do binômio mãe-filho. CONCLUSÃO: É preciso uma assistência humanizada e qualificada a estas mulheres neste momento tão delicado e importante de suas vidas.

INTRODUCTION: Violence has many faces and, in this context, may occur in the setting of health institutions obstetric violence, act or conduct based on gender, causing death, damage or suffering of a physical, sexual or psychological nature to women, both in the public sphere and in private. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the labor and delivery experiences of women who suffered obstetric violence. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with qualitative approach, developed at Primary Health Centers (UBS) of the municipality of Juazeiro do Norte, southern region of Ceará, Brazil. Women registered in UBS of this city who suffered obstetric violence were invited to participate in the study. The inclusion criteria were women who were mothers in a period of up to six months and who suffered obstetric violence. Data collection used a semi-structured interview, using the data saturation criterion. The interpretation of the results used the content analysis technique. RESULTS: The study showed that these women felt fear, insecurity and were actually scared to be in the maternity setting. It revealed the need for care change, and the need for more clarity, even for professionals, on obstetric violence. These women do not know for sure what obstetric violence is and the way they suffered this violence. Finally, the study showed that this violence affects the bond of the mother-child binomial. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to provide humanized and qualified assistance to these women at this very delicate and important time in their lives.

Relação entre ansiedade e modulação autonômica cardíaca / Relationship between anxiety and autonomic heart modulation

A ansiedade é caracterizada pelo sentimento de tensão, nervosismo, apreensão e preocupação que pode alterar a modulação do sistema nervoso autônomo sobre a condução elétrica ligada ao coração, determinando a intensidade nos batimentos cardíacos modificando a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca que é um importante indicador de condições normais e patológicas. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a relação existente entre a ansiedade e o processo de regulação autonômica cardíaca. Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa desenvolvido por meio de buscas nas bases de dados da Lilacs, Medline e SciELO, com os descritores em ciências da saúde e operador booleano: ansiedade AND frequência cardíaca e, ansiedade AND sistema nervoso autônomo. A busca foi realizada durante o mês de setembro de 2017, sendo incluídos artigos disponíveis na íntegra; em português e inglês e; publicados nos últimos 06 anos. Excluiu-se artigos que não fossem originais, teses, dissertações e monografias. Obteve-se um total de 10 artigos, nos quais observou-se que a ansiedade altera a resposta autonômica, assim quando o corpo entra em tensão, aumenta-se a frequência cardíaca, o predomínio do sistema simpático e no relaxamento ocorre o domínio parassimpático. Assim indivíduos portadores de ansiedade apresentam menor variação na frequência cardíaca e possuem uma capacidade menor de interação social. Com isto, evidencia-se uma baixa adaptação do sistema nervoso autônomo em casos de ansiedade, sendo que a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca encontra-se reduzida; condição esta que pode ser classificada como patológica.

The anxiety is characterized by the sensation of tension, nervousness, apprehension and worry that can alter the modulation of autonomic nervous system on the electrical conduction linked to the heart, determining the intensity in the heart beats modifying the heart rate variability, which is an important indicator of conditions normal and pathological. Thus, the study objective is to analyze the relationship between anxiety and the process of autonomic cardiac regulation. This study is an integrative review developed through searches in the databases of Lilacs, Medline and SciELO, with the descriptors in health sciences and boolean operator: anxiety AND heart rate and anxiety AND autonomic nervous system. The search was performed during the month of September of 2017, being included articles available in full; in Portuguese and English and; published in the last 6 years. Was excluded articles that were not original, theses, dissertations and monographs. Was obtained a total of 10 articles, in which it was observed that anxiety alters the autonomic response, so when the body is in tension, increases your heart rate, the predominance of the sympathetic system and in the relaxation occurs the domain of the parasympathetic. Thus, individuals with anxiety present lower variation in heart rate and have a lower capacity for social interaction. With this, it is evident a low adaptation of the autonomic nervous system in cases of anxiety, being that the variability of the heart rate is reduced; condition that can be classified as pathological.

Factors Associated With the Complexity of Facial Trauma.

INTRODUCTION: Facial fractures have their incidence, etiology, clinical presentation, and features influenced by variables such as economic, cultural, and demographic factors. A large number of these fractures require simple or more complex approaches, and it becomes important to understand their clinical and epidemiological profile and factors associated with the fracture event and surgical indication. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of surgical fractures and their associations with causal factors such as alcohol consumption, day of the incident, and nonuse of helmet for motorcycle accidents. METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted with collection of data from medical records of patients operated for facial fractures at the Hospital Regional of Cariri, state of Ceara, the Northeast of Brazil. Records from 2012 to 2014 were acquired highlighting sex, age, occupation, etiology, anatomical sites of fractures, and surgeries of varying complexities for single or multiple fractures. The day of the event, report or signs of alcohol consumption, and the use of helmets in motorcycle accidents were named associated factors. RESULTS: As a result the authors had a total of 624 cases of surgical facial fractures. Out of these, 546 (87.5%) were male and the majority of them presented between 20 and 30 years of age (40.5%). It was also observed that as an etiological factor motorcycle accidents led to more cases of surgical facial fractures, with 357 cases (62.1%), followed by physical aggression with 72 cases (12.5%). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that there is a high prevalence of surgical facial fractures in male patients between 20 and 30 years of age, caused by motorcycle accidents, and that there was a strong association between the consumption of alcohol, failure to wear a helmet, and the presence of surgical facial multiple fractures.

Musical auditory stimulus acutely influences heart rate dynamic responses to medication in subjects with well-controlled hypertension.

Music can improve the efficiency of medical treatment when correctly associated with drug action, reducing risk factors involving deteriorating cardiac function. We evaluated the effect of musical auditory stimulus associated with anti-hypertensive medication on heart rate (HR) autonomic control in hypertensive subjects. We evaluated 37 well-controlled hypertensive patients designated for anti-hypertensive medication. Heart rate variability (HRV) was calculated from the HR monitor recordings of two different, randomly sorted protocols (control and music) on two separate days. Patients were examined in a resting condition 10 minutes before medication and 20 minutes, 40 minutes and 60 minutes after oral medication. Music was played throughout the 60 minutes after medication with the same intensity for all subjects in the music protocol. We noted analogous response of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure in both protocols. HR decreased 60 minutes after medication in the music protocol while it remained unchanged in the control protocol. The effects of anti-hypertensive medication on SDNN (Standard deviation of all normal RR intervals), LF (low frequency, nu), HF (high frequency, nu) and alpha-1 scale were more intense in the music protocol. In conclusion, musical auditory stimulus increased HR autonomic responses to anti-hypertensive medication in well-controlled hypertensive subjects.

Cardiac autonomic recovery after strength exercise in lower and upper limbs.

Introduction Strength exercises influence the cardiovascular system by promoting autonomic adjustments induced by the increased metabolic demand and consequent increase in local blood flow. However, it is unclear whether there are differences between upper and lower limbs. We aimedto evaluate recovery of cardiac autonomic modulation afterstrengthexercise in upper and lower limbs. Methods We analysed 29 healthy male subjects physically active but not professional athletes aged between 20 and 35 years old. We analysed heart rate variability (HRV) in the time and frequency domain 0-10 minutes before exercise (T1), 0-10 minutes after exercise (T2), 10-20 minutes after exercise (T3) and 20-30 minutes after exercise (T4). Results Regarding the time domain we observed that the SDNN, pNN50 and RMSSD were reduced (P < 0.0001) in T2, T3, T4 in relation to T1 with no difference between upper and lower limbs. In the frequency domain analysis, we observed stronger significancefor the increased values of LF (nu) (P = 0.0008) and LF/HF ratio (P = 0.0008) and for reduction in HF (nu) (P = 0.0008) in the lower limbs compared to upper limbs (LF (nu) - P = 0.0015, LF/HF ratio - P = 0.0028 and HF (nu) - P = 0.0028). Conclusion Strength exercise acutely induced more pronounced cardiac autonomic responses in lower limbs compared to upper limbs.

Satisfação de adolescentes usuários do SUS sobre o serviço público de saúde / Adolescent user's satisfaction with the UHS in the public health service

Objetivo: analisar a satisfação de adolescentes usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde sobre o serviço público de saúde. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal, de abordagem qualitativa, com dez adolescentes usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde na faixa etária de 15 a 18 anos. A coleta de dados ocorreu por entrevista semiestruturada. Realizou-se a análise pela Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: a insatisfação esteve neste relato da maioria dos participantes e, como principal dificuldade do acesso ao serviço, observou-se a demora ao atendimento. Conclusão: percebeu-se o quanto as unidades de saúde pública ainda passam por dificuldades no que diz respeito ao atendimento ao paciente, mostrando insatisfação dos adolescentes, oque não atende aos princípios do SUS, universalidade, equidade e integralidade, que garantem os ideais, direitos e deveres do paciente, que é o principal foco de bem-estar e saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Musical Auditory Stimulation Influences Heart Rate Autonomic Responses to Endodontic Treatment.

We aimed to evaluate the acute effect of musical auditory stimulation on heart rate autonomic regulation during endodontic treatment. The study included 50 subjects from either gender between 18 and 40 years old, diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis of the upper front teeth and endodontic treatment indication. HRV was recorded 10 minutes before (T1), during (T2), and immediately (T3 and T4) after endodontic treatment. The volunteers were randomly divided into two equal groups: exposed to music (during T2, T3, and T4) or not. We found no difference regarding salivary cortisol and anxiety score. In the group with musical stimulation heart rate decreased in T3 compared to T1 and mean RR interval increased in T2 and T3 compared to T1. SDNN and TINN indices decreased in T3 compared to T4, the RMSSD and SD1 increased in T4 compared to T1, the SD2 increased compared to T3, and LF (low frequency band) increased in T4 compared to T1 and T3. In the control group, only RMSSD and SD1 increased in T3 compared to T1. Musical auditory stimulation enhanced heart rate autonomic modulation during endodontic treatment.

Non-linear indices of heart rate variability during endodontic treatment.

Dental treatment promotes psychosomatic change that can influence the procedure and compromise the general well-being of the patient. In this context, it highlights the importance of evaluating the function of the autonomic nervous system in individuals undergoing endodontic treatment. Thus, this manuscript aimed to analyse cardiac autonomic modulation, through non-linear indices of heart rate variability (HRV) during endodontic treatment. Analysis of 50 subjects of either sex aged between 18 and 40 years diagnosed with irreversible pulp necrosis of lower molars undergoing endodontic treatment was undertaken. We carried out fractal and symbolic analysis of HRV, which was recorded in the first session of the endodontic treatment at four intervals: T1: 0-10 min before the onset of the treatment session; T2: 0-10 min after the application of anaesthesia; T3: throughout the period of treatment; and T4: 0-30 min after the end of the treatment session. There was reduction of α1 in T2 compared to T1 and T4 (p < 0.0001). The α2 index also reduced in T2 compared to T3 (p = 0.0035). There was an increase in the α1/α2 ratio in T4 compared to T2 and T3 (p = 0.0003). It was found that 0V% was significantly lower in T2 (p = 0.002), while 2UV% was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) when compared to other points in time. In conclusion, HRV is reduced during endodontic treatment, and after applying local anaesthetic the parasympathetic component of HRV increases. These data indicate that endodontic treatment acutely overcharges the heart, supporting the stress involved in this situation.

Cuidado à criança menor de um ano: perspectiva da atuação do enfermeiro na puericultura / Care to the child less than one year old: nursing practice perspective about child care / Cuidado de niños con menos de un año: perspectiva de la práctica del enfermero acerca del cuidado de niños

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção e a atuação do enfermeiro diante da consulta de puericultura na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Metodologia: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Os informantes foram os enfermeiros atuantes na Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Caririaçu/CE, Brasil. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas sem iestruturadas e analisadas pela Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: baseando na concepção dos enfermeiros, a puericultura tem um papel fundamental no crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança, e embora as ações planejadas e executadas no programa de puericultura tenham respostas positivas, os profissionais revelaram algumas dificuldades enfrentadas durante sua jornada de trabalho. Conclusão: as discussões evidenciam a assistência e a prática que os enfermeiros têm diante da criança no atendimento de puericultura, como também a necessidade de elaboração de novas estratégias para melhorar o acompanhamento de saúde da criança no município.(AU)

Objective: recognizing the perception and nurse's actions before the childcare consultation at the Family Health Strategy. Methodology: this is a descriptive study of a qualitative approach. Informants were nurses working in the Family Health Strategy for the municipality Caririaçu/CE, Brazil. The data were produced through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by the Technique of Content Analysis. Results: based on the design of nurses, child care plays a key role in the growth and development of children, and although the actions planned and executed in the child care program have positive responses, professionals revealed some difficulties during their workday. Conclusion: the discussions highlighted the care and practice that nurses have before the child in the childcare service, as well as the need for creation of new strategies to improve the health monitoring of the child in the city.(AU)

Objetivo: conocer la percepción y las acciones del enfermero ante la consulta de puericultura en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Metodología: un estudio descriptivo con un enfoque cualitativo. Los informantes fueron los enfermeros que trabajan en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia en el municipio de Caririaçu/CE, Brasil. Los datos se producieron a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y analizados por la Técnica de Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: se basa en el concepto de los enfermeros, el cuidado de niños juega un papel clave en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños, y aunque las acciones planificadas y ejecutadas en el programa de cuidado de niños tengan respuestas positivas, profesionales revelado algunas dificultades durante su jornada de trabajo. Conclusión: las discusiones han destacado la atención y las prácticas que los enfermeros tienen ante el niño en el servicio de guardería, así como la necesidad de la creación de nuevas estrategias para mejorar la vigilancia de la salud del niño en la ciudad.(AU)

Non-linear indices of heart rate variability during endodontic treatment

Abstract Dental treatment promotes psychosomatic change that can influence the procedure and compromise the general well-being of the patient. In this context, it highlights the importance of evaluating the function of the autonomic nervous system in individuals undergoing endodontic treatment. Thus, this manuscript aimed to analyse cardiac autonomic modulation, through non-linear indices of heart rate variability (HRV) during endodontic treatment. Analysis of 50 subjects of either sex aged between 18 and 40 years diagnosed with irreversible pulp necrosis of lower molars undergoing endodontic treatment was undertaken. We carried out fractal and symbolic analysis of HRV, which was recorded in the first session of the endodontic treatment at four intervals: T1: 0-10 min before the onset of the treatment session; T2: 0-10 min after the application of anaesthesia; T3: throughout the period of treatment; and T4: 0-30 min after the end of the treatment session. There was reduction of α1 in T2 compared to T1 and T4 (p < 0.0001). The α2 index also reduced in T2 compared to T3 (p = 0.0035). There was an increase in the α1/α2 ratio in T4 compared to T2 and T3 (p = 0.0003). It was found that 0V% was significantly lower in T2 (p = 0.002), while 2UV% was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) when compared to other points in time. In conclusion, HRV is reduced during endodontic treatment, and after applying local anaesthetic the parasympathetic component of HRV increases. These data indicate that endodontic treatment acutely overcharges the heart, supporting the stress involved in this situation.

Association between oral variables and heart rate variability.

The heart rate variability is a useful method to assess cardiac autonomic modulation in patients undergoing dental procedures, because knowledge of physiological conditions provides greater security to the professional as well as the possibility of a better plan treatment to patient benefit. The aim of our study was to describe the association between cardiac autonomic control and dental variables. We consulted the databases Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane, using the terms "autonomic", "dentistry", "heart rate variability", "cardiovascular physiology." The selected studies indicated a strong relationship between dental variables and HRV. There was an association between malocclusion, TMD, dental procedures cirugia and low HRV. Thus, they become more studies that relate to HRV in dental science, especially in clinical practice.