ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare socio-cognitive skills and emotion comprehension between children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and children with neurotypical development. METHODS: This quantitative, cross-sectional, controlled study involved 19 children in each group, matched by age (6-12 years) and sex. The assessments examined cognitive aspects (Intelligence Quotient was assessed using the Vocabulary and Matrix Reasoning subtests; working memory using the digit span and letter-number sequencing subtests; attention using the Continuous Performance Test - Identical Pairs; and executive functions using the Trail Making Test), social functions (Children's Social Skills, Behavior Problems, and Academic Competence Inventory), and emotion comprehension (language was assessed using the Strange Stories Test; emotional facial expressions using the digital emotion comprehension test; emotional/affective prosody using the Profiling Elements of Prosody in Speech-Communication - Brazilian Portuguese adapted version). RESULTS: The group with ASD exhibited better performance in executive functions (p=0.02). However, they lagged the control group in social skills (p=0.04), behavior problems (p=0.03), and emotion comprehension (language, facial expressions, and prosody) (all p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that children with ASD have diminished performance in social skills and emotion comprehension compared to children with neurotypical development. Therefore, the development of technologies and/or therapeutic interventions that address these deficits among children with ASD is recommended.
ABSTRACT
Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) Müller 1879 contains 106 species, 41 of which occur in Brazil, mainly in the Atlantic Forest biome. Despite its diversity, it is estimated that many undescribed species are believed to be housed in scientific collections, waiting to be described. Smicridea specimens housed in two Brazilian insect collections (Coleção Entomológica Professor José Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra, Rio de Janeiro and Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo) were examined and two new species of S. (Rhyacophylax) were detected. The objective of this study is to describe and illustrate these species. Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) boraceia sp. nov. and Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) dumasi sp. nov. inhabit the Atlantic forest biome and can be recognized mainly by the morphology of tergum X and the phallic apparatus. Six species groups are recognized in S. (Rhyacophylax); however, the two new species described here cannot be placed in any of these groups.
Subject(s)
Holometabola , Animals , Brazil , Ecosystem , Forests , InsectaABSTRACT
After 100 years of its description, the morphological circumscription of Smicridea aequalis Banks, 1920 is provided in this study by the integration of morphological characters of adult, pupal, and larval stages. This fact facilitates its recognition in faunal inventory studies and allows its use in biomonitoring programs, mainly in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, two biodiversity hotspots where this species is widely distributed. Adults of S. aequalis may have diurnal activity as they are found frequently and abundantly on the riparian vegetation of fast-flowing streams and rivers during the day. The remarkable color dimorphism observed in males of this species was not reported previously for caddisflies.
Subject(s)
Insecta , Sex Characteristics , Animals , Ecology , Insecta/anatomy & histology , Larva , Male , PupaABSTRACT
O comércio de animais silvestres fornece mecanismos de transmissão de doenças em níveis que não apenas causam surtos de doenças humanas, mas também ameaça os rebanhos domésticos, os animais silvestres e a saúde dos ecossistemas, a renda agrária e o comércio internacional. O contato direto entre seres humanos e animais silvestres, a mistura de animais silvestres não endêmicos com animais silvestres endêmicos e/ou animais domésticos, e padrões limitados de saúde e segurança são todos os critérios para um hotspot zoonótico encontrado nos mercados de animais silvestres. Este artigo de revisão destaca o papel do comércio de animais silvestres na emergência de doenças infecciosas virais.(AU)
The wild animal trade provides mechanisms of disease transmission at levels that not only cause outbreaks of human disease, but also threatens domestic livestock, wild animals and the health of ecosystems, agrarian income and international trade. Direct contact between humans and wild animals, the mixture of non-endemic wild animals with endemic wild animals and/or domestic animals, and limited health and safety standards are all criteria for a zoonotic hotspot found in the wild animal markets. This review article highlights the role of the wild animal trade in the emergence of viral infectious diseases.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Animals, Wild/virology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology , CommerceABSTRACT
O comércio de animais silvestres fornece mecanismos de transmissão de doenças em níveis que não apenas causam surtos de doenças humanas, mas também ameaça os rebanhos domésticos, os animais silvestres e a saúde dos ecossistemas, a renda agrária e o comércio internacional. O contato direto entre seres humanos e animais silvestres, a mistura de animais silvestres não endêmicos com animais silvestres endêmicos e/ou animais domésticos, e padrões limitados de saúde e segurança são todos os critérios para um hotspot zoonótico encontrado nos mercados de animais silvestres. Este artigo de revisão destaca o papel do comércio de animais silvestres na emergência de doenças infecciosas virais.
The wild animal trade provides mechanisms of disease transmission at levels that not only cause outbreaks of human disease, but also threatens domestic livestock, wild animals and the health of ecosystems, agrarian income and international trade. Direct contact between humans and wild animals, the mixture of non-endemic wild animals with endemic wild animals and/or domestic animals, and limited health and safety standards are all criteria for a zoonotic hotspot found in the wild animal markets. This review article highlights the role of the wild animal trade in the emergence of viral infectious diseases.