Punto de corte óptimo del antígeno carbohidrato 125 para la identificación de pacientes con bajo riesgo tras un ingreso por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda / Optimal carbohydrate antigen 125 cutpoint for identifying low-risk patients after admission for acute heart failure

Introducción y objetivos: El antígeno carbohidrato 125 (CA125) se ha mostrado útil para la estratificación del riesgo de los pacientes ingresados por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA). Se intenta determinar un punto de corte para identificar a los pacientes con bajo riesgo de muerte y muerte/reingreso por insuficiencia cardiaca 1 mes tras el ingreso por ICA. Métodos: La cohorte de derivación incluyó a 3.231 pacientes con ICA consecutivos. Se identificaron valores de corte de CA125 con un valor predictivo negativo (VPN) del 90% y una sensibilidad de hasta el 85%. La idoneidad de estos puntos de corte y el riesgo de muerte/reingreso al mes se evaluaron mediante el método de Royston-Parmar. Se seleccionó el mejor punto de corte y se validó en una cohorte del BIOSTAT-CHF (n=1.583). Resultados: En la cohorte de derivación, la mediana [intervalo intercuartílico] de CA125 fue 57 [25,3-157] U/ml. El punto de corte óptimo fue <23 U/ml (el 21,5% de los pacientes), con VPN de muerte y del objetivo compuesto del 99,3 y el 94,1% respectivamente. En los análisis multivariables, el CA125 <23 U/ml se asoció con un menores riesgos de muerte (HR=0,20; IC95%, 0,08-0,50; p <0,001) y del objetivo combinado (HR=0,63; IC95%, 950,45-0,90; p=0,009). Su capacidad para discriminar a los pacientes con riesgo bajo a 1 mes se confirmó en la cohorte de validación (VPN de muerte y del objetivo compuesto, el 98,6 y el 96,6%). La capacidad predictiva seguía siendo significativa a los 6 meses de seguimiento. Conclusiones: En pacientes ingresados por ICA, el CA125 <23 U/ml identificó un subgrupo de pacientes con bajo riesgo de eventos clínicos adversos a corto plazo que pueden no requerir un seguimiento estrecho (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) has been shown to be useful for risk stratification in patients admitted with acute heart failure (AHF). We sought to determine a CA125 cutpoint for identifying patients at low risk of 1-month death or the composite of death/HF readmission following admission for AHF. Methods: The derivation cohort included 3231 consecutive patients with AHF. CA125 cutoff values with 90% negative predictive value (NPV) and sensitivity up to 85% were identified. The adequacy of these cutpoints and the risk of 1-month death/HF readmission was then tested using the Royston-Parmar method. The best cutpoint was selected and externally validated in a cohort of patients hospitalized from BIOSTAT-CHF (n=1583). Results: In the derivation cohort, the median [IQR] CA125 was 57 [25.3-157] U/mL. The optimal cutoff value was <23 U/mL (21.5% of patients), with NPVs of 99.3% and 94.1% for death and the composite endpoint, respectively. On multivariate survival analyses, CA125 <23 U/mL was independently associated with a lower risk of death (HR, 0.20; 95%CI, 0.08-0.50; P <.001), and the combined endpoint (HR, 0.63; 95%CI, 950.45-0.90; P=.009). The ability of this cutpoint to discriminate patients at a low 1-month risk was confirmed in the validation cohort (NPVs of 98.6% and 96.6% for death and the composite endpoint). The predicted ability of this cutoff remained significant at 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions: In patients admitted with AHF, CA125 <23 U/mL identified a subgroup at low risk of short-term adverse events, a population that may not require intense postdischarge monitoring (AU)

[Colonization rates by Streptococcus agalactiae in Spanish and foreign pregnant women in the Fuenlabrada University Hospital]. / Tasas de colonización por Streptococcus agalactiae en gestantes españolas y extranjeras en el Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada.

OBJECTIVE: In pregnant women, the rectovaginal colonization by Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) is related with geographic area of origin (6.5% to 36%). It was analysed GBS carriage in pregnant women in 2012-2014 in our hospital. METHODS: Observational retrospective study about GBS isolates from rectovaginal samples (RVS) and urine cultures of Spanish and immigrant pregnant women in 2012-2014. It was considered only a single isolation for patient. There were excluded women with GBS in urine samples of RVS study. RESULTS: A total of 4,648 Spanish and 1,405 immigrant women were analysed. GBS was detected in urine samples in 231 Spanish (5%) and 106 immigrant (7.6%). A total of 5,716 RVS were analysed, GBS was detected in 10.5% of Spanish women and in 18.9% of immigrant women. CONCLUSIONS: The overall colonization in immigrant women is higher than in Spanish with the exception of Asian women. Cases of GBS detected in urine samples might serve as a possible explanation for the high rate of GBS carriage.

Troponina T de alta sensibilidad y riesgo de hospitalizaciones recurrentes tras un ingreso por insuficiencia cardíaca aguda / High-sensitivity troponin T and the risk of recurrent readmissions after hospitalisation for acute heart failure

Objetivos. La troponina de alta sensibilidad es un biomarcador de daño miocárdico que se asocia a un mayor riesgo de mortalidad y progresión de la enfermedad en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca aguda (ICA). Sin embargo, su relación con el riesgo de futuras rehospitalizaciones es menos conocido. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre los valores de troponina T ultrasensible (TnT-us) en pacientes con ICA y el riesgo de hospitalizaciones recurrentes en el seguimiento. Métodos. Se incluyó prospectivamente una cohorte de 621 pacientes consecutivos con ICA, excluyéndose pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo. Se determinó la TnT-us obtenida en el primer contacto médico en urgencias. El riesgo de reingresos acumulados se evaluó mediante regresión binomial negativa. Resultados. La edad media de los sujetos fue de 73,6±10,8 años, el 54,6% eran varones y el 52% tenían una función sistólica ventricular izquierda ≥50%. La mediana de TnT-us fue de 35,5pg/ml (rango intercuartílico [RI]=22-67). Tras una mediana de seguimiento de 1,2 años (RI= 0,4-2,4) se registraron 153 muertes (24,6%), 689 reingresos por todas las causas en 303 pacientes (48,8%), y 286 reingresos por IC en 163 pacientes (26,3%). En el análisis multivariante, los valores elevados de TnT-us se asociaron con un aumento del riesgo de reingreso, tanto por todas las causas como por IC (cociente de las tasas de incidencia [IRR] =1,16; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,02-1,36; p=0,029; IRR=1,23; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,04-1,46; p= 0,018, respectivamente). Conclusiones. En pacientes con ICA, el aumento de los valores de TnT-us se asoció de manera independiente con el riesgo de hospitalizaciones recurrentes durante el seguimiento (AU)

Objectives. High-sensitivity troponin is a biomarker of myocardial damage and is associated with a greater risk of mortality and disease progression in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). However, its relationship with the risk of future readmissions is less known. The aim of this study was to assess the association between ultrasensitive troponin T (TnT-us) values in patients with AHF and the risk of recurrent readmissions in the follow-up. Methods. We prospectively included a cohort of 621 consecutive patients with AHF, excluding those patients with acute coronary syndrome. We measured the TnT-us levels obtained during the first medical contact in the emergency department. The risk of cumulative readmissions was assessed using negative binomial regression. Results. The mean age of the participants was 73.6±10.8 years, 54.6% were men, and 52% had a left ventricular systolic function ≥50%. The median TnT-us level was 35.5pg/ml (interquartile range [IQR], 22-67). After a median follow-up of 1.2 years (IQR, 0.4-2.4), a total of 153 deaths (24.6%) were recorded, as well as 689 readmissions for all causes in 303 patients (48.8%) and 286 readmissions for HF in 163 patients (26.3%). In the multivariate analysis, the high TnT-us values were associated with an increased risk of readmission, both for all causes and for HF (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.36; p=.029 and IRR, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.46; p=.018, respectively). Conclusions. For patients with AHF, the increase in TnT-us levels was independently associated with a risk of recurrent readmissions during the follow-up (AU)

High-sensitivity troponin T and the risk of recurrent readmissions after hospitalisation for acute heart failure. / Troponina T de alta sensibilidad y riesgo de hospitalizaciones recurrentes tras un ingreso por insuficiencia cardíaca aguda.

OBJECTIVES: High-sensitivity troponin is a biomarker of myocardial damage and is associated with a greater risk of mortality and disease progression in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). However, its relationship with the risk of future readmissions is less known. The aim of this study was to assess the association between ultrasensitive troponin T (TnT-us) values in patients with AHF and the risk of recurrent readmissions in the follow-up. METHODS: We prospectively included a cohort of 621 consecutive patients with AHF, excluding those patients with acute coronary syndrome. We measured the TnT-us levels obtained during the first medical contact in the emergency department. The risk of cumulative readmissions was assessed using negative binomial regression. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 73.6±10.8 years, 54.6% were men, and 52% had a left ventricular systolic function ≥50%. The median TnT-us level was 35.5pg/ml (interquartile range [IQR], 22-67). After a median follow-up of 1.2 years (IQR, 0.4-2.4), a total of 153 deaths (24.6%) were recorded, as well as 689 readmissions for all causes in 303 patients (48.8%) and 286 readmissions for HF in 163 patients (26.3%). In the multivariate analysis, the high TnT-us values were associated with an increased risk of readmission, both for all causes and for HF (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.36; p=.029 and IRR, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.46; p=.018, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: For patients with AHF, the increase in TnT-us levels was independently associated with a risk of recurrent readmissions during the follow-up.

Cistatina C: una pieza más de la compleja interacción cardiorrenal en la insuficiencia cardíaca / Cystatin C: one more component of the complex cardiorenal interaction in heart failure

No disponible

Masa en aurícula derecha / Right atrial mass

No disponible

Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation is a promising new therapy in the treatment of malignancies. It is being used to supplement and in place of bone marrow transplantation to restore hematopoiesis after myeloablative therapy. PBSCs are collected through apheresis, generally after a course of myelosuppressive therapy to prime the progenitor cells. Problems that potentially could arise during PBSC collection include citrate toxicity, hypovolemia, and thrombocytopenia. PBSC infusion is similar to the infusion of bone marrow. Engraftment following PBSC transplantation progresses rapidly, resulting in shorter hospital stays. The future of PBSC therapy looks promising, but much still has to be learned about this innovative treatment.

Issues related to informed consent.

With advances in technology has come the promise for improved patient care. However, new and aggressive treatments can carry unexpected and unpredictable risks. Informed consent--a relatively recent concept--ensures that the patient is provided with ample information to make decisions about treatment.