Subject(s)
Brain/diagnostic imaging , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Positron-Emission Tomography , Radiopharmaceuticals , Status Epilepticus/diagnostic imaging , Brain/metabolism , Drug Resistance , Female , Glucose/metabolism , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prognosis , Status Epilepticus/metabolism , Status Epilepticus/therapy , Young AdultSubject(s)
Amyloidosis/complications , Isaacs Syndrome/pathology , Amyloidosis/metabolism , Amyloidosis/pathology , Female , Glutamate Decarboxylase/metabolism , Humans , Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Isaacs Syndrome/metabolism , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Middle Aged , Muscular Diseases , Myocardium/pathology , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study sought to identify imaging criteria useful in discriminating anatomical variants from thrombosis of the posterior intracranial venous system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 102 patients underwent coronal unenhanced two-dimensional time-of-flight (2D ToF) magnetic resonance (MR) venography. Transverse sinus (TS) calibre and asymmetry were considered. Oval (O-FG) and linear (L-FG) flow gaps were recorded. Several slices of the 2D ToF sequence were applied perpendicularly to the TS within each FG to avoid in-plane saturation. RESULTS: Mean calibre of the right TS was significantly greater than the contralateral sinus (6.5 mm+/-1.84 vs 5.1 mm+/-1.72). Right and left dominance was observed in 61% and 17% of cases, respectively. The mean right-left TS diameter was 5.77 mm. Among 204 TS, 44 L-FG and 42 O-FG were observed. Partial L-FG (<2/3 of TS) never involved the distal TS. No L-FG was observed in a dominant TS. Supplementary sagittal 2D ToF images disclosed blood flow in all but two L-FGs. O-FGs were mostly observed laterally (91%). CONCLUSIONS: L-FGs in a dominant TS, partial L-FGs in the distal part or O-FG in the medial part of any TS, a left-right mean diameter <3 mm and absence of flow even in ToF images perpendicular to the direction of blood flow should raise the suspicion of sinus pathology.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Veins/pathology , Cranial Sinuses/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Angiography/methods , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Artifacts , Blood Flow Velocity , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Fluoxetine/adverse effects , Hypericum/adverse effects , Rhabdomyolysis/chemically induced , Rhabdomyolysis/diagnosis , Serotonin Syndrome/chemically induced , Serotonin Syndrome/diagnosis , Tryptamines/adverse effects , Adult , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Fluoxetine/administration & dosage , Humans , Migraine Disorders/complications , Migraine Disorders/drug therapy , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/adverse effects , Tryptamines/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Parkinson's disease is characterized by heterogeneity of clinical presentations, association of signs and symptoms, rate of progression, and response to therapy. The aim of this prospective 5-year study was to evaluate whether clinical features at onset were predictive of the subsequent progression. Two courses were identified which differed in the characteristics at onset. Slow course was characterized by earlier age at onset, lateralization of motor signs, rest tremor, and absence of gait disturbance. Rapid course presented older age, less evident lateralization of signs, predominance of bradykinesia-rigidity and gait disturbance. Our results confirmed that PD is clinically heterogeneous and specific patterns of onset seem to be associated with different rates of disease progression. Predictive models based on these clinical characteristics have a good sensitivity in indicating a slow disease progression but are not reliable in indicating a rapid evolution.
