C-reactive protein-complement factor H axis as a biomarker of activity in early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To determine and compare the serum levels of complement Factor H (FH), monomeric C-Reactive Protein (mCRP) and pentameric C-Reactive protein (pCRP) in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to correlate them with clinical, structural and functional parameters. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. One hundred thirty-nine individuals (88 patients and 51 healthy controls) from two referral centers were included and classified into three groups: early or intermediate AMD (n=33), advanced AMD (n=55), and age and sex matched healthy controls (n=51). Serum levels of FH, mCRP, and pCRP were determined and correlated with clinical and imaging parameters. Results: Patients with intermediate AMD presented FH levels significantly lower than controls [186.5 (72.1-931.8) µg/mL vs 415.2 (106.1-1962.2) µg/mL; p=0.039] and FH levels <200 µg/mL were associated with the presence of drusen and pigmentary changes in the fundoscopy (p=0.002). While no differences were observed in pCRP and mCRP levels, and mCRP was only detected in less than 15% of the included participants, women had a significantly higher detection rate of mCRP than men (21.0% vs. 3.8%, p=0.045). In addition, the ratio mCRP/FH (log) was significantly lower in the control group compared to intermediate AMD (p=0.031). Visual acuity (p<0.001), macular volume (p<0.001), and foveal thickness (p=0.034) were significantly lower in the advanced AMD group, and choroidal thickness was significantly lower in advanced AMD compared to early/intermediate AMD (p=0.023). Conclusion: Intermediate AMD was associated in our cohort with decreased serum FH levels together with increased serum mCRP/FH ratio. All these objective serum biomarkers may suggest an underlying systemic inflammatory process in early/intermediate AMD patients.

Perfil sociodemográfico e laboratorial dos pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise em um centro de referência do Estado do Ceará / Sociodemographic and laboratory profile of patients undergoing hemodialysis in a reference center in the State of Ceará / Perfil sociodemográfico y de laboratorio de dos pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis en un centro de referencia del Estado de Ceará

A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é uma importante redução da função renal que causa alterações no metabolismo dos indivíduos. Para acompanhar a progressão da DRC e prevenir possíveis complicações, foi realizada uma pesquisa para avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico, bioquímico e hematológico de pacientes com Insuficiência Renal Crônica (IRC) submetidos a hemodiálise. Esta pesquisa foi quantitativa, descritiva e transversal de caráter retrospectivo, realizada por meio da análise de dados secundários contidos nos prontuários dos pacientes. A coleta de dados ocorreu no Centro de Hemodiálise da cidade de Russas, no Ceará. A amostra foi constituída por 161 pacientes com DRC, sendo 63,35% do sexo masculino e 85,71% pardos, com uma idade média de 54,39 anos. Desses, 63,97% tinham entre 2 e 10 anos de tratamento e 57,76% possuíam ensino fundamental incompleto. 19,25% residiam em Russas. Resultados: Após a hemodiálise, os resultados mostraram 44 mg/dL de Ureia, 48,44% dos pacientes com valores normais. A hemoglobina e hematócrito médios foram 11,8 g/dL e 33,7%, respectivamente, sendo que 63,35% tiveram valores reduzidos. 85,10% dos pacientes tiveram contagem de plaquetas normal, 72,04% níveis adequados de ferro e albumina, 52,79% tiveram níveis elevados de ferritina, 23,61% redução de transferrina e níveis lipídicos satisfatórios. 79,50% apresentaram níveis séricos de potássio dentro da normalidade, 12,42% de fósforo acima do normal, 85,09% de cálcio dentro dos valores normais, 39,13% de PTHi normais e 86,33% de glicose dentro dos valores considerados normais. Com base nos resultados, concluiu-se que todos os pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico apresentam diversas alterações em decorrência da DRC e do próprio processo de tratamento. Portanto, a realização de exames para avaliar ou monitorar possíveis complicações da IRC é essencial para criar estratégias e intervenções mais eficazes, que melhorem a assistência prestada a esses pacientes e, consequentemente, da qualidade e expectativa de vida dos mesmos.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an important reduction in kidney function that causes changes in the metabolism of individuals. To monitor the progression of CKD and prevent possible complications, a survey was carried out to assess the sociodemographic, biochemical and hematological profile of patients with Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) undergoing hemodialysis. This research was quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional with a retrospective character, carried out through the analysis of secondary data contained in the patients' medical records. Data collection took place at the Hemodialysis Center in the city of Russas, Ceará. The sample consisted of 161 patients with CKD, 63.35% male and 85.71% brown, with an average age of 54.39 years. Of these, 63.97% had between 2 and 10 years of treatment and 57.76% had incomplete primary education. 19.25% resided in Russas. Results: After hemodialysis, the results showed 44 mg/dL of Urea, 48.44% of patients with normal values. Average hemoglobin and hematocrit were 11.8 g/dL and 33.7%, respectively, with 63.35% having reduced values. 85.10% of the patients had normal platelet counts, 72.04% had adequate levels of iron and albumin, 52.79% had high levels of ferritin, 23.61% had reduced transferrin and satisfactory lipid levels. 79.50% had serum levels of potassium within the normal range, 12.42% of phosphorus above normal, 85.09% of calcium within normal values, 39.13% of PTHi normal and 86.33% of glucose within the values considered normal. Based on the results, it was concluded that all patients on hemodialysis have several changes due to CKD and the treatment process itself. Therefore, carrying out tests to assess or monitor possible complications of CRF is essential to create more effective strategies and interventions that improve the care provided to these patients and, consequently, their quality and life expectancy.

La Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) es una reducción importante de la función renal que provoca cambios en el metabolismo de los individuos. Para monitorizar la evolución de la ERC y prevenir posibles complicaciones, se realizó una encuesta para evaluar el perfil sociodemográfico, bioquímico y hematológico de los pacientes con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica (IRC) en hemodiálisis. Esta investigación fue cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal con carácter retrospectivo, realizada a través del análisis de datos secundarios contenidos en las historias clínicas de los pacientes. La recolección de datos ocurrió en el Centro de Hemodiálisis de la ciudad de Russas, Ceará. La muestra estuvo constituida por 161 pacientes con ERC, 63,35% del sexo masculino y 85,71% pardos, con una edad media de 54,39 años. De estos, 63,97% tenían entre 2 y 10 años de tratamiento y 57,76% tenían primaria incompleta. El 19,25% residía en Russas. Resultados: Posterior a la hemodiálisis los resultados arrojaron 44 mg/dL de Urea, 48,44% de los pacientes con valores normales. La hemoglobina y el hematocrito medios fueron 11,8 g/dl y 33,7 %, respectivamente, con un 63,35 % con valores reducidos. El 85,10% de los pacientes presentaba plaquetas normales, el 72,04% presentaba niveles adecuados de hierro y albúmina, el 52,79% presentaba niveles elevados de ferritina, el 23,61% presentaba transferrina reducida y niveles satisfactorios de lípidos. El 79,50% presentaba niveles séricos de potasio dentro de la normalidad, el 12,42% de fósforo por encima de lo normal, el 85,09% de calcio dentro de los valores normales, el 39,13% de PTHi normal y el 86,33% de glucosa dentro de los valores considerados normales. Con base en los resultados, se concluyó que todos los pacientes en hemodiálisis tienen varios cambios debido a la ERC y al propio proceso de tratamiento. Por tanto, la realización de pruebas para evaluar o monitorizar las posibles complicaciones de la IRC es fundamental para crear estrategias e intervenciones más eficaces que mejoren la atención a estos pacientes y, en consecuencia, su calidad y esperanza de vida.

Perfil farmacoterapêutico de pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica submetidos à hemodiálise em um centro de referência do estado do Ceará / Pharmacotherapeutical profile of patients with chronic kidney failure submitted to hemodialysis in a reference center in the state of Ceará / Perfil farmacoterapéutico de pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis en un centro de referencia del estado de Ceará

O regime terapêutico hemodialítico engloba alterações no cotidiano do paciente pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) que estão relacionadas às características do tratamento. Este estudo teve como objetivo traçar o perfil farmacoterapêutico de pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico em uma unidade de referência do estado do Ceará (Hospital e Maternidade Divina Providência de Russas - HMDPR). Tratou-se de um estudo de natureza descritiva, transversal, com análises quantitativas e qualitativas de informações contidas em prontuários. Foram coletadas variáveis socioepidemiológicas, clínicas e as prescrições farmacológicas registradas no período de janeiro a julho de 2020. O estudo avaliou 161 pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) e grande parte destes foram do sexo masculino (63,35%), idade média de 53,89 anos e maioria com idade entre 35-44 anos (22,98%). Os Anti-hipertensivos destacaram-se como de maior frequência (15,99%), sendo que 50,94% dos pacientes utilizam 6 a 10 diferentes fármacos concomitantes. Em relação a terapêutica adjuvante à TRS, as principais classes foram os antianêmicos seguida pelos suplementos vitamínicos e mineral. Os dados demonstram que o paciente com DRC necessita de uma atenção diferenciada em sua farmacoterapia, demostrando a importância do profissional farmacêutico junto a equipe multidisciplinar.

The hemodialysis treatment regimen includes changes in the daily life of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) that are related to the characteristics of the treatment. This study aimed to outline the pharmacotherapeutic profile of patients undergoing hemodialysis in a referral unit in the state of Ceará (Providence Divine Hospital and Maternity Hospital of Russas - HMDPR). It was a study a descriptive, cross- sectional study, with quantitative and qualitative analysis of information contained in the medical records. Both socio-epidemiological variables, clinical were collected, and the pharmacological prescriptions recorded from January to July 2020. The study evaluated 161 patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) and most of them were male (63.35%), mean age 53.89 years and most aged 35-44 years (22.98%). Antihypertensive drugs stood out as the most frequent (15.99%), with 50.94% of patients using 6 to 10 different concomitant drugs. Regarding adjunctive therapy to RRT, the main classes were antianemic followed by vitamin and mineral supplements. The data demonstrate that the patient with CKD needs differentiated attention in his pharmacotherapy, demonstrating the importance of the pharmaceutical professional in the multidisciplinary team.

El régimen terapéutico hemodialítico implica cambios en el estilo de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) que están relacionados con las características del tratamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue trazar el perfil farmacoterapéutico de pacientes en tratamiento hemodialítico en una unidad de referencia del estado de Ceará (Hospital y Maternidad Divina Providencia de Russas - HMDPR). Este es un estudio descriptivo, transversal, con análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos de la información contenida en los registros médicos. Se recolectaron variables socioepidemiológicas, clínicas y prescripciones farmacológicas registradas en el período de enero a julio de 2020. Se evaluaron 161 pacientes en terapia renal sustitutiva (TRS) y la mayoría de ellos eran hombres (63,35%), con una edad promedio de 53,89 años y la mayoría con edades entre 35 y 44 años (22,98%). Los antihipertensivos fueron los más frecuentes (15,99%), y el 50,94% de los pacientes usaban de 6 a 10 fármacos diferentes concomitantes. En cuanto a la terapia adyuvante a la TRS, las principales clases fueron los antianémicos seguidos por los suplementos vitamínicos y minerales. Los datos muestran que el paciente con ERC necesita una atención diferenciada en su farmacoterapia, demostrando la importancia del profesional farmacéutico en el equipo multidisciplinario.

Genetic and experimental evidence for the involvement of the CD6 lymphocyte receptor in psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a strong genetic background and is triggered by environmental factors. Available evidence supports CD6, a lymphocyte surface receptor mostly expressed by T cells, as a putative target in autoimmunity. Accordingly, a humanized anti-CD6 antibody has been assayed for the treatment of certain autoimmune disorders, including psoriasis. Here, we present novel evidence in mice and humans for a direct involvement of CD6 in psoriasis pathophysiology. First, an attenuated form of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation was demonstrated in CD6-deficient mice, as deduced from lower epidermal thickness and local reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely, interleukin-17A. Thus, isolated CD4+CD62L+ T cells from CD6-deficient mice displayed decreased in vitro T-helper type 17 polarization. Second, a statistically significant association between CD6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs17824933, rs11230563 and rs12360861) and more severe forms of psoriasis was demonstrated in a cohort of 304 patients at three public hospitals from the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Taken together, these results provide new supportive evidence of the contribution of the CD6 lymphocyte receptor in psoriasis at both experimental and clinical levels.

La terminologia enológica del español en el s. XIX

La incorporación de la ciencia a la elaboración de vinos influye en el corpus léxico de la lengua española. Se crea una serie de términos que dan respuesta a las necesidades expresivas de la nueva ciencia vinícola. Este estudio analiza la terminología de la enología en el siglo XIX (AU)