ABSTRACT
Os suplementos herbais e dietéticos (HDS) estão sendo cada vez mais consumidos, principalmente para perda de peso, melhora da estética corporal, prevenção de doenças e retardo dos efeitos do envelhecimento. Existe uma crença popular de que os HDS são seguros, porém, o número de relatos de casos de hepatotoxicidade vem aumentando entre os usuários destes produtos. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal desta revisão bibliográfica foi discorrer sobre a relação entre o uso dos HDS e a hepatotoxicidade, através de análises dos casos clínicos descritos na literatura. Para tal, foi utilizado como metodologia o levantamento de dados de natureza básica, qualitativa e exploratória. Foram localizados um total de 278 documentos referentes ao assunto, destes, 36 atenderam ao objeto de estudo. A característica clínica mais prevalente, nos casos de hepatotoxicidade identificados, foi a lesão hepatocelular, seguida de lesão mista e colestática, assim como a ocorrência de óbitos e pacientes que, por necessidade, foram submetidos a transplante de fígado. Após o levantamento de dados, para a construção desta revisão, foi perceptível a relação entre a hepatotoxicidade e o uso indiscriminado de HDS.(AU)
The herbal dietary supplements (HDS) are being increasingly consumed, mainly for weight loss, improved body aesthetics, disease prevention and delayed effects of aging. There is a popular belief that HDS are safe, however, the number of reports of cases of hepatotoxicity have increased among users of these products. Thus, the main objective of this bibliographic review was to discuss the relationship between the use of HDS and hepatotoxicity, through analyzes of clinical cases described in the literature. For this purpose, a methodology was used to collect basic, qualitative and exploratory data. A total of 278 documents related to the subject were found, of which 36 met the study object. The most prevalent clinical characteristic in the cases of hepatotoxicity identified were hepatocellular lesions, followed by mixed and cholestatic lesions, as well as the occurrence of deaths and patients who needed to undergo liver transplants. After all the data collection performed for the construction of this review, the relationship between hepatotoxicity and the indiscriminate use of HDS was perceptible.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Dietary Supplements/adverse effects , Plant Preparations/adverse effects , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology , Phytotherapy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antidepressant-like effect of piroxicam with a focus on serotonergic neurotransmission. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats were randomly distributed into the following groups: 0.9% saline control; 3 mg/kg pizotifen; 10 mg/kg sertraline; 10 mg/kg piroxicam; 10 mg/kg sertraline + 10 mg/kg piroxicam; 10 mg/kg sertraline + 3 mg/kg pizotifen; and 10 mg/kg piroxicam + 3 mg/kg pizotifen. All the drugs were dissolved in 0.9% saline. Three administrations of the drugs (piroxicam and sertraline) were performed 1, 5 and 24 h before testing the animals in the open field followed by the forced swim test (FST). Piroxicam and sertraline were administered orally by gavage and pizotifen was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before gavage. Immediately after the FST, the hippocampi were rapidly dissected for neurochemical analysis in high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Acute treatment with piroxicam promoted an antidepressant-like effect in the FST, which was associated with an increase in serotonin levels in the hippocampus. This effect was potentiated in the piroxicam + sertraline group but counteracted by administration of the non-selective serotonin receptor antagonist pizotifen. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the antidepressant-like effect of piroxicam in the FST is mediated by the serotonin system; however, by different mechanisms from those of sertraline.
