ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Forty percent of patients with colorectal cancer develop mutations in the K-ras gene. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate whether the presence of c-K-ras gene mutations is a useful tumor-response marker in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty seven patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Four to six weeks later, surgery was performed. Specimens were classified according to the UICC-AJC classification. A segment of the tumor was obtained to analyze specific c-K-ras gene mutations. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and single strand confirmation polymorphism (SSCP) techniques were used with a set of probes to detect specific c-K-ras mutations in codons 12, 13, and 61. The 37 patients were divided into Group A (with mutations) and Group B (without mutations). RESULTS: All 37 patients completed the scheduled treatment. Group A consisted of 12 patients, whose tumors were classified and specific c-K-ras mutations were located as follows: eight in codon 12, two in codon 13, and one in codon 61. Group B consisted of 25 patients. The tumors were classified and there were more early-stage tumors in Group A, whereas in Group B there were more advanced-stage tumors (P = .05, respectively). The mean follow-up was 36.2+/-18.3 months. All Group A patients survived, whereas 8 of the 25 patients in Group B died due to progressive metastatic disease. Survival in Group A was 100%, whereas in Group B it was 59% (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of specific c-K-ras mutations is an indicator of tumor response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery. Therefore, responding patients may be more amenable to less radical surgical procedures based on c-K-ras mutations.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Genes, ras , Rectal Neoplasms , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Adenocarcinoma/radiotherapy , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Aged , Biomarkers, Tumor , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Gene Expression , Genetic Markers , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational , Rectal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Rectal Neoplasms/genetics , Rectal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
The first case of plasmacytoid myoepithelioma of the laryngeal region is presented. The tumor showed immunoreactivity for the S-100 protein, low molecular weight cytokeratin, and vimentin. Staining was negative with muscular actin and glial fibrillar acid protein. By electron microscopy the tumor cells showed abundant microfibrillar material, elongated densities resembling smooth muscle dense bodies, pinocytic vesicles, and replicated basal lamina. The myoepithelial nature of plasmacytoid tumors of the salivary gland has been questioned.
Subject(s)
Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Myoepithelioma/pathology , Female , Humans , Laryngeal Neoplasms/chemistry , Middle Aged , Myoepithelioma/chemistry , S100 Proteins/analysisABSTRACT
Se revisaron los factores pronosticos del melanoma en 69 casos controlados a largo, plazo encontrando que los factores que influyen sobre la supervivencia son diametro de la lesion, nivel de Clark, espesor tumoral, presencia de satelites, infiltracion linfatica o vascular y sobre todo, presencia de ganglios metastaticos, por lo que cuando existen estos factores deben utilizarse medidas terapeuticas mas agresivas. La mayor parte de los casos estudiados se encontraron en estados avanzados, a pesar de lo cual se obtuvo supervivencia a 5 anos del 51 por ciento
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Melanoma , Neoplasm Metastasis , PrognosisABSTRACT
Se informa el primer caso de una neoplasia benigna primaria del ovario constituida exclusivamente por cartilago. La lesion se desarrollo en el ovario izquier, midio 15 cm de diametro y mostro atipias celulares ocasionales sin mitosis.La paciente se encuentra sin actividad neoplasica despues de 5 anos de haber sido intervenida quirurgicamente
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Female , Chondroma , Histological Techniques , Ovarian NeoplasmsSubject(s)
Abdominal Neoplasms/analysis , Bone Neoplasms/analysis , Fibroma/analysis , Receptors, Estrogen/analysis , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Forearm , Humans , Middle Aged , Scapula , SternumABSTRACT
Se determino el receptor estrogenico (RE) en seis tumores desmoides. Se encontraron cantidades medibles de RE en cinco de ellos y valores considerados como "positivos" (> 10 fm/ mg/prot) en tres.No hubo anormalidades en los resultados de las mediciones hormonales (FSH, LH, E2, PRL), a excepcion de discreta elevacion de PRL en dos casos. Los resultados apoyan el concepto de que los tumores desmoides se encuentran relacionados en su origen con la esfera endocrina. Como el numero de casos estudiados es pequeno, no se pudo determinar si existe correlacion entre la evolucion clinica y la respuesta a los tratamientos instituidos con la presencia o la ausencia de RE
Subject(s)
Abdominal Neoplasms , Fibroma , Receptors, EstrogenSubject(s)
Lymph Nodes/pathology , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Hyperplasia , Lymph Node Excision , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Se informa sobre el primer caso en la literatura mundial de carcinoma adenopapilar mucoproductor de la glandula submaxilar.Esta neoplasia de las glandulas salivales se ha descrito unicamente en la glandula parotida. Las caracteristicas ultraestructurales sugieren que este tumor corresponde a una variedad de carcinoma de las celulas acinares
