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1.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 74(10): 253-259, nov. 2016. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-158371

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La realización de estudios de resonancia magnética (RM) en el paciente pediátrico frecuentemente precisa una sedación profunda. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional sobre los procedimientos de RM que precisaron sedación, administrada por pediatras de la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátrica de un hospital de segundo nivel. Se estudió el periodo comprendido entre noviembre de 2012 y octubre de 2015. Sólo se incluyeron estudios programados, no de urgencia. Resultados: La muestra válida fue de 286 estudios radiológicos; 273 (95,45%) precisaron sedación profunda, efectuada a 241 pacientes. La edad de los pacientes osciló entre 5 días y 16 años (39,82 ± 36,51 meses), la media de peso era de 14,41 ± 9,28 kg, y el 59,8% eran varones. La duración del estudio fue 23,43 ± 10,34 minutos. Del total de 241 pacientes, 82 (34%) tenían un déficit neurológico y 44 (18%) recibían algún medicamento antiepiléptico. El régimen anestésico más empleado fue la combinación de midazolam con propofol (236 casos de 273 [86,44%]). La prevalencia total de complicaciones fue del 4,75%, ninguna grave, y el estudio se pudo completar en el 100% de los casos. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la dosificación del propofol en la subpoblación con déficit neurológico, aunque sí en la pauta de ketamina, que precisó una dosis más alta. La toma concomitante de medicación antiepiléptica en los pacientes con déficit neurológico requirió un aumento significativo de la dosis necesaria de propofol respecto a los pacientes con déficit neurológico sin medicación antiepiléptica. Conclusiones: La sedación profunda para la realización de estudios de RM puede efectuarse de forma segura por pediatras adecuadamente entrenados. La toma de medicación antiepiléptica puede variar la dosis necesaria de fármacos anestésicos en los pacientes con déficit neurológico (AU)


Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies frequently need to be obtained under deep sedation in pediatric patients. Patients and methods: An observational retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the sedation provided by pediatricians of the pediatric intensive care unit at a second level hospital for the realization of MRI studies. Urgent studies were excluded. Results: From November 2012 to October 2015, 286 studies of 241 patients met inclusion criteria. 273/286 (95.45%) examinations needed deep sedation. Results are shown in medians ± standard deviations. Age ranged from 5 days to 16 years (39.82 ± 36.51 months); weight was 14.41 ± 9.28 kg; 59.8% were male. The MRI took place during a median of 23.43 ± 10.34 minutes; 82 patients (34%) were developmentally disabled children and 44 (18%) took antiepileptic drugs. The most common anesthesic technique used was the combination of propofol plus midazolam (236/273 [86.44%]). Adverse events occurred in 4.75% of the cases, but none was serious. All MRI studies could be completed. Overall there were no significant differences in propofol dosage in relation to developmental disability, but a significant difference in ketamine dosage was found, with the developmental disabled needing more ketamine dosage. The patients with developmental disability who received antiepileptic drugs needed more propofol dose than the ones who did not take antiepileptic therapies. Conclusions: Appropriately trained sedation pediatricians can safely provide deep sedation for MRI studies. Antiepileptic drug intake can vary anaesthesic requirements in developmentally disabled children (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child, Preschool , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Deep Sedation/methods , Anesthetics, Combined/therapeutic use , Propofol/therapeutic use , Ketamine/therapeutic use , Anesthetics/adverse effects , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Observational Study , Retrospective Studies
2.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 62(8): 472-476, oct. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-141287

ABSTRACT

El aturdimiento miocárdico neurogénico es una entidad poco frecuente que semeja un síndrome coronario agudo, con alteraciones electrocardiográficas, disfunción cardiaca y aumento de enzimas cardiacas, pero sin evidencia de lesión coronaria. Puede ocurrir en el posoperatorio de neurocirugía. Se presenta el caso de un paciente pediátrico que a las 24 h de ser intervenido de un meduloblastoma de fosa posterior desarrolló un aturdimiento miocárdico neurogénico que evolucionó a taquicardia nodal con repercusión hemodinámica. La evolución fue satisfactoria, aunque precisó tratamiento antiarrítmico, con resolución bioquímica, ecográfica y clínica en menos de una semana (AU)


Neurogenic stunned myocardium is an unusual clinical entity. It mimics an acute coronary syndrome with electrocardiographic abnormalities, cardiac dysfunction and elevated cardiac enzymes with absence of obstructive coronary disease. It may occur after a neurosurgical procedure. A case is presented of neurogenic stunned myocardium occurring in a child after removal of a posterior fossa medulloblastoma. The patient developed nodal tachycardia with hemodynamic impairment. The clinical course was satisfactory due to antiarrhythmic therapy, with biochemical, echocardiographic, and clinical improvement within a week (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Myocardial Stunning/complications , Myocardial Stunning/diagnosis , Myocardial Stunning/drug therapy , Electrocardiography/instrumentation , Electrocardiography/methods , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Blood Pressure , Heart Diseases/complications , Medulloblastoma/surgery , Medulloblastoma , Ataxia/complications , Intracranial Pressure/radiation effects , Electrocardiography , Fibroma, Desmoplastic/surgery , Fibroma, Desmoplastic
3.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 62(8): 472-6, 2015 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25530429

ABSTRACT

Neurogenic stunned myocardium is an unusual clinical entity. It mimics an acute coronary syndrome with electrocardiographic abnormalities, cardiac dysfunction and elevated cardiac enzymes with absence of obstructive coronary disease. It may occur after a neurosurgical procedure. A case is presented of neurogenic stunned myocardium occurring in a child after removal of a posterior fossa medulloblastoma. The patient developed nodal tachycardia with hemodynamic impairment. The clinical course was satisfactory due to antiarrhythmic therapy, with biochemical, echocardiographic, and clinical improvement within a week.


Subject(s)
Cerebellar Neoplasms/surgery , Infratentorial Neoplasms/surgery , Medulloblastoma/surgery , Myocardial Stunning/etiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Hematoma, Subdural/etiology , Humans , Male , Myocardial Stunning/diagnosis , Myocardial Stunning/diagnostic imaging , Myocardial Stunning/drug therapy , Pneumocephalus/etiology , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging , Postoperative Complications/drug therapy
4.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 79(2): 83-87, ago. 2013. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-116476

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El objetivo del presente trabajo es demostrar si la aplicación del índice biespectral (BIS®) en la monitorización de la anestesia general en respiración espontánea en endoscopias digestivas altas (EDA) diagnósticas en el paciente pediátrico es útil para: a) disminuir la dosis de fármaco necesaria; b) disminuir el tiempo del despertar, y c) mejorar la seguridad del paciente. Pacientes y método: estudio prospectivo cuasi experimental de casos y controles en el ámbito de una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos y neonatales de segundo nivel. Pacientes: niños entre 12 meses y 13 años. Caso: paciente ASA I que precisa EDA diagnóstica; sujetos elegibles 36, participantes 30. Población control: serie histórica de pacientes que precisaron EDA (años 2008-2010): 50 pacientes. Intervenciones: realización de EDA, aplicando protocolo de anestesia, monitorización de constantes vitales, nivel de sedación (escala de Ramsay) y nivel BIS. Variables de interésdosis total de propofol (mg/kg), tiempo de inducción, tiempo de EDA y tiempo de despertar (min); índice BIS al inicio de la EDA (BISi) y durante la EDA; efectos adversos. Resultados: Sin diferencias significativas entre casos (B) y controles (C) respecto a sexo, edad y peso. Sin diferencias significativas en: dosis total de propofol (B 4,9 ± 1,4 mg/kg; C 5,2 ± 1,6 mg/kg, p = 0,492), Tiempo de despertar (B 12,2 ± 4,6 min; C 12,8 ± 4,4 min, p = 0,402), tiempo de procedimiento (B 9,5 ± 4,8 min; C 11,3 ± 6,5 min, p = 0,335) y tiempo de inducción (B 11,1 ± 2,6 min; C 10,1 ± 4,2 min, p = 0,059). BISi 55,4 ± 6,9. Sin diferencias significativas en efectos adversos (2 casos de desaturación leve en el grupo control). Conclusiones: La monitorización anestésica con índice biespectral en endoscopias digestivas altas en respiración espontánea en la población pediátrica es factible, pero no parece disminuir ni la dosis de fármaco necesaria ni el tiempo de despertar. Tampoco disminuye la incidencia de efectos adversos de forma significativa (AU)


Introduction: The objective of this investigation is to determine whether bispectral index (BIS®) monitoring during intravenous anaesthesia with spontaneous breathing for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) in a pediatric population is useful for: a) decreasing the amount of drug, b) decreasing the time for awakening, and c) improving patient safety. Patients and method A quasi-experimental case-control prospective study was conducted in the setting of a second level hospital pediatric intensive care unit. Patients: Children aged 1-13 years. Case: ASA I patient who needed a diagnostic UGE; eligible, 36, participants, 30. Control: historical cohort of patients who needed UGE (years 2008-2010): 50 patients. Intervention: UGE performed with anaesthetic protocol, vital signs monitoring, sedation level (Ramsay scale) and BIS monitoring. Variables of interestpropofol total dose (mg/kg), induction time, time in performing the UGE, awakening time (min); initial BIS (iBIS), and BIS during the UGE; adverse effects. Results: There were no significant differences in sex, age or weight between case (B) and control (C) population. No significant differences in total propofol doses: (B 4.9 ± 1.4 mg/kg; C 5.2 ± 1.6 mg/kg, P=.492), awakening time (B 12.2 ± 4.6 min; C 12.8 ± 4.4 min, P=.402), time for execution of UGE (B 9.5 ± 4.8 min; C 11.3 ± 6.5 min, P=.335) and induction time (B 11.1 ± 2.6 min; C 10.1 ± 4.2 min, P=.059), iBIS 55.4 ± 6.9. There were no significant differences in adverse effects: 2 patients suffered from mild desaturation in the control group. Conclusions: BIS monitoring for diagnostic UGE in spontaneous breathing in a pediatric population is feasible, but does not appear to decrease awakening time or the amount of propofol needed. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant decrease in the number of adverse effects (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Endoscopy, Digestive System/methods , Anesthesia/methods , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Airway Management/methods , Propofol/administration & dosage , Patient Safety , Case-Control Studies
5.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 79(2): 83-7, 2013 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23384651

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this investigation is to determine whether bispectral index (BIS®) monitoring during intravenous anaesthesia with spontaneous breathing for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) in a pediatric population is useful for: a) decreasing the amount of drug, b) decreasing the time for awakening, and c) improving patient safety. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A quasi-experimental case-control prospective study was conducted in the setting of a second level hospital pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Children aged 1-13 years. CASE: ASA I patient who needed a diagnostic UGE; eligible, 36, participants, 30. CONTROL: historical cohort of patients who needed UGE (years 2008-2010): 50 patients. INTERVENTION: UGE performed with anaesthetic protocol, vital signs monitoring, sedation level (Ramsay scale) and BIS monitoring. VARIABLES OF INTEREST: propofol total dose (mg/kg), induction time, time in performing the UGE, awakening time (min); initial BIS (iBIS), and BIS during the UGE; adverse effects. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in sex, age or weight between case (B) and control (C) population. No significant differences in total propofol doses: (B 4.9 ± 1.4 mg/kg; C 5.2 ± 1.6 mg/kg, P=.492), awakening time (B 12.2 ± 4.6 min; C 12.8 ± 4.4 min, P=.402), time for execution of UGE (B 9.5 ± 4.8 min; C 11.3 ± 6.5 min, P=.335) and induction time (B 11.1 ± 2.6 min; C 10.1 ± 4.2 min, P=.059), iBIS 55.4 ± 6.9. There were no significant differences in adverse effects: 2 patients suffered from mild desaturation in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: BIS monitoring for diagnostic UGE in spontaneous breathing in a pediatric population is feasible, but does not appear to decrease awakening time or the amount of propofol needed. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant decrease in the number of adverse effects.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia , Consciousness Monitors , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods , Adolescent , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Prospective Studies , Respiration
6.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 32(2): 94-96, mar. 2008. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-63855

ABSTRACT

La diálisis peritoneal aguda (DPA) continúa siendo una medida útil en el paciente pediátrico crítico. En el shock séptico el fracaso renal agudo puede precisar medidas invasivas de depuración y aunque la hemofiltración es muy efectiva, en ciertas Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricas no se dispone aún de ella. La DPA pediátrica se suele iniciar con pases horarios, permanencias cortas y volumen por pase de unos 10 ml/kg. Mostramos la evolución de la DPA de dos pacientes críticos con fallo renal en los que la monitorización de los cocientes dializado/plasma de urea y creatinina y del cociente de concentración de glucosa del dializado (efluente)/concentración de glucosa de la solución de diálisis infundida fue útil para la prescripción de la DPA


Acute peritoneal dialysis (APD) is still a useful tool in the critical pediatric patient. Acute kidney failure due to septic shock often requires invasive depuration procedures and although hemofiltration is very effective, not all pediatric Intensive Care Units have the equipment necessary to establish it. Pediatric APD is generally initiated with short dwell times, every hour exchanges and 10-20 ml/kg filling volumes. We present the evolution of two critical patients with kidney failure on APD who benefited from the measurement of dialysate-to-plasma (D/P) ratios for creatinine and urea, and dialysate-to-solution ratio for glucose (Dt/Do) to optimize APD prescription


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Peritoneal Dialysis/methods , Acute Kidney Injury/therapy , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Critical Care/methods , Shock, Septic/complications
7.
Med Intensiva ; 32(2): 94-6, 2008 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18275758

ABSTRACT

Acute peritoneal dialysis (APD) is still a useful tool in the critical pediatric patient. Acute kidney failure due to septic shock often requires invasive depuration procedures and although hemofiltration is very effective, not all pediatric Intensive Care Units have the equipment necessary to establish it. Pediatric APD is generally initiated with short dwell times, every hour exchanges and 10-20 ml/kg filling volumes. We present the evolution of two critical patients with kidney failure on APD who benefited from the measurement of dialysate-to-plasma (D/P) ratios for creatinine and urea, and dialysate-to-solution ratio for glucose (Dt/Do) to optimize APD prescription.


Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/therapy , Peritoneal Dialysis , Acute Kidney Injury/metabolism , Child, Preschool , Creatinine/metabolism , Female , Glucose/metabolism , Humans , Infant , Male , Urea/metabolism
8.
Med Intensiva ; 30(1): 23-5, 2006.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16637428

ABSTRACT

Utility of inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is controversial and there are few studies in the literature that evaluate its effects during prolonged administration. We analyze the case of a 45 day old male patient with un-operated Fallot's tetralogy who developed ARDS and PHT with non-cardiac cause, that required prolonged mechanical ventilation (30 days) and administration of inhaled nitric oxide (INO). Before the INO, the oxygenation index was 19, and at a few minutes of its application it decreased to 15. The patient developed a dependence on INO, tolerating its gradual weaning. Administration could be interrupted at 27 days on onset. We did not observe toxic effects during the administration of INO.


Subject(s)
Nitric Oxide/administration & dosage , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/complications , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy , Tetralogy of Fallot/complications , Administration, Inhalation , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/complications , Infant , Male , Respiration, Artificial
9.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 30(1): 23-25, ene. 2006. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-043306

ABSTRACT

La utilidad del óxido nítrico inhalado en el tratamiento del síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA) con hipertensión pulmonar (HPP) es controvertida y hay pocos estudios en la literatura que evalúen sus efectos durante una administración prolongada. Analizamos el caso de un paciente de 45 días de vida con tetralogía de Fallot no intervenida, que desarrolló SDRA e HPP de causa no cardíaca, que precisó ventilación mecánica prolongada (30 días) y administración de óxido nítrico inhalado (ONI). Antes del ONI el índice de oxigenación era 19 y a los pocos minutos de su aplicación descendió a 15. El paciente desarrolló dependencia del ONI, tolerando un destete gradual, pudiendo interrumpir la administración a los 27 días de su inicio. No observamos efectos tóxicos durante la administración del ONI


Utility of inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is controversial and there are few studies in the literature that evaluate its effects during prolonged administration. We analyze the case of a 45 day old male patient with un-operated Fallot's tetralogy who developed ARDS and PHT with non-cardiac cause, that required prolonged mechanical ventilation (30 days) and administration of inhaled nitric oxide (INO). Before the INO, the oxygenation index was 19, and at a few minutes of its application it decreased to 15. The patient developed a dependence on INO, tolerating its gradual weaning. Administration could be interrupted at 27 days on onset. We did not observe toxic effects during the administration of INO


Subject(s)
Male , Infant , Humans , Tetralogy of Fallot/complications , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/complications , Nitric Oxide/administration & dosage , Tetralogy of Fallot/drug therapy , Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Administration, Inhalation , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/drug therapy
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