[Incidence of postpartum thyroiditis and study of possible associated factors]. / Tiroiditis posparto: incidencia y estudio de los posibles factores asociados en las embarazadas de una zona de salud.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the presence of postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) in a group of pregnant euthyroid women. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study was prospective and descriptive in nature and was carried out over the course of three years in an urban Health District in Toledo, Spain. Information recorded included height and weight, tobacco use, previous consumption of oral contraceptives, and numbers of pregnancies and abortions prior to the current gestation. Levels of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free Thyroxin (FT4) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) were determined during the first trimester and 3 and 6 months postpartum. A urine sample was collected for determination of iodine levels. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed on all pregnant subjects concurrently with analytical sample collection at 3 months of pregnancy and 3 months postpartum. RESULTS: The sample contained 157 pregnant women, of whom 25 (15.9%) developed PPT. Of these, 44.0% were positive for TPO antibodies in the first trimester, compared to 4.5% of the subjects who did not develop PPT (P<.001). At the end of the first year, 5 (20%) were still afflicted with hypothyroidism. The complete study group of pregnant women displayed a median urinary iodine level of 135 microg/L. A minor BMI was found in the PPT subjects when compared with the rest of the study group (21.7 vs 24.5; P=.000). A greater frequency of PPT was found in Rh-negative women (33.3 vs 12.2%; P=.015). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of PPT exceeded that previously reported. We have only found a significant correlation between PPT and BMI and Rh factor. Based on the high incidence rate detected in our Health District, an active search for cases of PPT might be justified.

Tiroiditis posparto: incidencia y estudio de los posibles factores asociados en las embarazadas de una zona de salud / Incidence of postpartum thyroiditis and study of possible associated factors

Fundamento y objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar la presencia de tiroiditis posparto (TPP) en un grupo de mujeres embarazadas y eutiroideas. Material y método: Estudio observacional y prospectivo realizado, durante casi 3 años, en las embarazadas de una zona de salud de Toledo. Se recogieron datos de talla y peso, edad, consumo de tabaco, consumo de anticonceptivos y embarazos, lactancia y abortos anteriores a la gestación actual. En el primer trimestre de ésta se determinó la hormona tiroestimulante (TSH), la tiroxina libre (T4) y los anticuerpos antiperoxidasa (TPO). Se recogió una muestra aislada de orina para determinar la yoduria. A los 3 y a los 6 meses del parto se volvieron a determinar los valores de TSH, T4 libre y TPO. Dos ecografías tiroideas se realizaron coincidiendo con la determinación analítica de los 3 meses de embarazo y de los 3 meses posparto. Resultados: Se estudió a 157 embarazadas, de las que 25 presentaron TPP (15,9%, intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 10,7¿22,8). En el primer trimestre del embarazo el porcentaje de mujeres con TPO positivos fue del 44,0% en las que desarrollaron TPP, frente al 4,5% de las que no lo hicieron (p<0,001). El 20% de los casos de TPP seguían hipotiroideas al final del primer año. Encontramos un menor índice de masa corporal (IMC) medio en embarazadas con TPP que en el resto (21,7 frente a 24,5kg/m2; p=0,001). Se encontró una mayor frecuencia de TPP en mujeres con Rh negativo (el 33,3 frente al 12,2%; PEF=0,015). Conclusiones: La incidencia de TPP supera a la registrada en otros trabajos. El porcentaje de embarazadas que se mantenían hipotiroideas al año del parto es similar al descrito en otros trabajos. Hemos encontrado relación significativa entre la TPP y el IMC y el factor Rh (asociaciones no descritas en la literatura científica). Podría estar justificado, en nuestra zona de salud, la búsqueda activa de casos de TPP (AU)

Background and objective: Our objective was to evaluate the presence of postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) in a group of pregnant euthyroid women. Material and method: This study was prospective and descriptive in nature and was carried out over the course of three years in an urban Health District in Toledo, Spain. Information recorded included height and weight, tobacco use, previous consumption of oral contraceptives, and numbers of pregnancies and abortions prior to the current gestation. Levels of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free Thyroxin (FT4) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) were determined during the first trimester and 3 and 6 months postpartum. A urine sample was collected for determination of iodine levels. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed on all pregnant subjects concurrently with analytical sample collection at 3 months of pregnancy and 3 months postpartum. Results: The sample contained 157 pregnant women, of whom 25 (15.9%) developed PPT. Of these, 44.0% were positive for TPO antibodies in the first trimester, compared to 4.5% of the subjects who did not develop PPT (P<.001). At the end of the first year, 5 (20%) were still afflicted with hypothyroidism. The complete study group of pregnant women displayed a median urinary iodine level of 135ìg/L. A minor BMI was found in the PPT subjects when compared with the rest of the study group (21.7 vs 24.5; P=.000). A greater frequency of PPT was found in Rh-negative women (33.3 vs 12.2%; P=.015). Conclusions: The incidence of PPT exceeded that previously reported. We have only found a significant correlation between PPT and BMI and Rh factor. Based on the high incidence rate detected in our Health District, an active search for cases of PPT might be justified (AU)

Enfermedad tiroidea y estado de yodación en el primer trimestre del embarazo / Thyroid disorders and iodine nutritional status in the first trimester of pregnancy

Fundamento y objetivos: Las alteraciones tiroideas son frecuentes en la gestación y pueden ser nocivas para el desarrollo del recién nacido. El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la prevalencia de enfermedad tiroidea y el estado nutricional de yodo de un grupo de mujeres en su primer trimestre de embarazo. Pacientes y método: Estudio observacional descriptivo, realizado en una zona de salud de Toledo. La población del estudio estaba formada por las embarazadas de dicha zona y un grupo control de mujeres no gestantes de edad similar. En ambos grupos se realizó una ecografía tiroidea y se determinó la yoduria; en embarazadas, además, tirotropina (TSH), T4 libre y anticuerpos antiperoxidasa (TPO). Resultados: Participaron 199 embarazadas y 169 controles. La mediana de yoduria fue 135 (rango intercuartílico [RI], 240-65) mg/l en embarazadas y 150 (RI, 200-90) mg/l en controles. Las medias ± desviación estándar de TSH y T4 en embarazadas fueron 1,95 ± 1,62 y 1,03 ± 0,15 mU/ml, respectivamente. La prevalencia de hipotiroidismo en embarazadas fue del 9,5% (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 6,0-14,7). El volumen tiroideo resultó mayor en embarazadas (12,2 ± 5,6 ml) que en controles (10,7 ± 4,0 ml) (p = 0,005). Se encontraron nódulos tiroideos en el 38,5% de los controles y en el 33,2% de las embarazadas (p = 0,290). Conclusiones: Existe un deficiente estado de yodación en nuestras embarazadas. La prevalencia de hipotiroidismo es alta y similar a la de otros trabajos españoles. Debería valorarse la determinación de hormonas tiroideas y anticuerpos anti-TPO en el primer control gestacional. La prevalencia de nódulos es similar en controles y embarazadas en el primer trimestre. Debería solicitarse una ecografía tiroidea en las gestantes que presenten en la exploración física bocio y/o nódulos tiroideos (AU)

Background and objectives: Thyroid alterations are frequent during pregnancy and can be harmful to the development of the newborn. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of thyroid disorders as well as iodine nutritional status in pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Patients and method: We performed a descriptive observational survey in a health area of Toledo (Spain). Participants consisted of pregnant women in this area and a control group of non-pregnant women of similar age. Both groups underwent thyroid ultrasonography and urinary iodine concentration test. Thyrotropin, free T4 and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO Ab) levels were also measured in pregnant women. Results: A total of 199 expectant women and a control group of 169 non-pregnant women participated. The median urinary iodine concentration was 135 mg/l (IR, 240-65) in pregnant women and 150 mg/l (IR, 200-90) in the control group. The mean values for TSH and free T4 in pregnant women were 1.95 ± 1.62 and 1.03 ± 0.15 mU/ml, respectively. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in expectant women was 9.5% (95% CI, 6.0-14.7). Thyroid volume was larger in pregnant women (12.2 ± 5.6 mL) than in controls (10.7 ± 4.0 mL) (p = 0.005). Thyroid nodules were found in 38.5% of the women in the control group and in 33.2% of pregnant women (p = 0.290). Conclusions: Iodine status was deficient in our group of pregnant women. In agreement with the results of other studies performed in Spain, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was high. Thyroid hormones and anti-TPO Ab tests should be evaluated in the first prenatal visit. The prevalence of nodules was similar in pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy and in controls. Thyroid ultrasonography should be performed in pregnant women whenever a goiter and/or thyroid nodules are detected during clinical examination (AU)

Thyroid disorders and iodine nutritional status in the first trimester of pregnancy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Thyroid alterations are frequent during pregnancy and can be harmful to the development of the newborn. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of thyroid disorders as well as iodine nutritional status in pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We performed a descriptive observational survey in a health area of Toledo (Spain). Participants consisted of pregnant women in this area and a control group of non-pregnant women of similar age. Both groups underwent thyroid ultrasonography and urinary iodine concentration test. Thyrotropin, free T4 and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO Ab) levels were also measured in pregnant women. RESULTS: A total of 199 expectant women and a control group of 169 non-pregnant women participated. The median urinary iodine concentration was 135 µg/l (IR, 240-65) in pregnant women and 150µg/l (IR, 200-90) in the control group. The mean values for TSH and free T4 in pregnant women were 1.95±1.62 and 1.03±0.15µU/ml, respectively. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in expectant women was 9.5% (95% CI, 6.0-14.7). Thyroid volume was larger in pregnant women (12.2±5.6mL) than in controls (10.7±4.0mL) (p=0.005). Thyroid nodules were found in 38.5% of the women in the control group and in 33.2% of pregnant women (p = 0.290). CONCLUSIONS: Iodine status was deficient in our group of pregnant women. In agreement with the results of other studies performed in Spain, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was high. Thyroid hormones and anti-TPO Ab tests should be evaluated in the first prenatal visit. The prevalence of nodules was similar in pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy and in controls. Thyroid ultrasonography should be performed in pregnant women whenever a goiter and/or thyroid nodules are detected during clinical examination.