Grape seed oil in the diet of primiparous Jersey cows before and after parturition: effects on performance, health, rumen environment, and milk quality.

The objective of the study was to determine whether adding grape seed oil (GSO) to the diet of primiparous Jersey breeds during the transition period would improve animal health by measuring effects on the rumen environment, serum biochemistry, oxidative response, and the composition and quality of milk. We used 14 Jersey heifers, weighing an average of 430 kg and 240 days of gestation. The animals were divided into two groups and offered a basal diet, including GSO in the concentrate for the GSO group (dose of 25 mL per animal day) and the same dose of soybean oil (SO) for the control group. The animals were allocated and maintained in a compost barn system, receiving an anionic diet (pre-partum) and a diet for postpartum lactating animals. Dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, serum biochemistry, serum and milk oxidative stability, ruminal fluid and milk fatty acid profile, milk qualitative aspects, and ruminal parameters such as pH, bacterial activity, and protozoan count were evaluated. The addition of GSO had a positive effect on the health of the cows, especially on the oxidative stability of the cows, by increasing total thiols (P = 0.03), higher plasma ferric reducing capacity (FRAP) (P = 0.01), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (P = 0.01). In the oxidative stability of the milk produced by the treated animals, there was also an increase in TAC (P = 0.05) and FRAP (P = 0.03). Discreet changes were observed in the ruminal environment with a decreasing trend in pH (P = 0.04) but an increase in bacterial activity (P = 0.05) and protozoa counts (P = 0.07) in cows that consumed the additive. GSO consumption affected the fatty acid profile in milk, increasing saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P = 0.05) and reducing unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) (P = 0.03). The oil did not affect milk production or efficiency in the postpartum period. Based on this information, it is concluded that the addition of GSO positively affects the cow's antioxidant system.

Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated TRAIL mRNA Delivery in the Tumor Microenvironment to Inhibit Colon Cancer Progression.

Introduction: Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the immune system to enhance antitumor responses while minimizing off-target effects. Among the promising cancer-specific therapies, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has attracted significant attention. Methods: Here, we developed an ionizable lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform to deliver TRAIL mRNA (LNP-TRAIL) directly to the tumor microenvironment (TME) to induce tumor cell death. Our LNP-TRAIL was formulated via microfluidic mixing and the induction of tumor cell death was assessed in vitro. Next, we investigated the ability of LNP-TRAIL to inhibit colon cancer progression in vivo in combination with a TME normalization approach using Losartan (Los) or angiotensin 1-7 (Ang(1-7)) to reduce vascular compression and deposition of extracellular matrix in mice. Results: Our results demonstrated that LNP-TRAIL induced tumor cell death in vitro and effectively inhibited colon cancer progression in vivo, particularly when combined with TME normalization induced by treatment Los or Ang(1-7). In addition, potent tumor cell death as well as enhanced apoptosis and necrosis was found in the tumor tissue of a group treated with LNP-TRAIL combined with TME normalization. Discussion: Together, our data demonstrate the potential of the LNP to deliver TRAIL mRNA to the TME and to induce tumor cell death, especially when combined with TME normalization. Therefore, these findings provide important insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the immunotherapy of solid tumors.

Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius on titanium implants.

Osteomyelitis often involves Staphylococcus spp. as the isolated genus in domestic animal cases. Implant-related infections, frequently associated with biofilm-forming microorganisms like staphylococci species, necessitate careful material selection. This study assessed biofilm formation by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius on titanium nuts used in veterinary orthopaedic surgery. Biofilm quantification employed safranin staining and spectrophotometric measurement, while bacterial counts were determined in colony-forming units (CFU). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) evaluated the biofilm morphology on the surface of titanium nuts. All samples had CFU counts. Absorbance values that evidence biofilm formation were observed in seven of the eight samples tested. SEM images revealed robust bacterial colonization, and significant extracellular polymeric substance production, and the negative control displayed surface irregularities on the nut. Whole genome sequencing revealed accessory Gene Regulator (agr) type III in six samples, agr IV and agr II in two each. Genes encoding hlb, luk-S, luk-F, siet, se_int, and the icaADCB operon were identified in all sequenced samples. Other exfoliative toxins were absent. Biofilm formation by S. pseudintermedius was detected in all samples, indicating the susceptibility of orthopaedic titanium alloys to adhesion and biofilm formation by veterinary species. The biofilm formation capacity raises concerns about potential post-surgical complications and associated costs.

Self-sampling for HPV testing in cervical cancer screening: A scoping review.

Cervical cancer is the third most common gynecological cancer worldwide. Its origin is linked to intraepithelial lesions caused by high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types, detected in 99.7% of cases. Early screening is essential to prevent cancer development from these lesions. Molecular methods are more specific and offer the possibility of being performed through a self-collected sample by the patient, thus contributing to increasing screening coverage for this pathology. This study aim was to map the medical-scientific literature on existing protocols for self-sampling for HPV testing in cervical cancer screening. A search strategy was developed using the following keywords and their synonyms: "self-sampling," "professional sampling," and "HPV", on the databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library - BVS, Scopus, National Institute for Health Research NHS EED, Web of Science, and EMBASE. The search strategy was formulated to identify relevant studies and describe their main characteristics, such as patient acceptance of self-sampling, cost differences between the tests used, and the accuracy of self-sampling compared to the gold standard test. A total of 876 studies were found, and 33 of those studies were included in this review. Out of these, 10 studies were domized clinical trials involving 46,751 patients, and 23 observational studies included 142,795 patients. Regarding acceptance, most studies reported a preference for self-sampling. Sensitivity analyses from various studies also showed that the low cost of self-sampling kits generally increased cost-effectiveness. The study concluded that using HPV testing on self-collected samples is a viable strategy for monitoring women with HPV.

Validity of the GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with colorectal cancer: A multicenter study on the diagnostic performance of different indicators of reduced muscle mass and disease severity.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the concurrent and predictive validity of different combinations of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in patients with colorectal cancer considering different indicators of reduced muscle mass (MM) and the effects of the disease. METHODS: A secondary analysis with patients with colorectal cancer. The reduced MM was assessed by arm muscle area, arm muscle circumference, calf circumference, fat-free mass index, skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle. Cancer diagnosis or disease staging (TNM) was considered for the etiologic criterion referred to as the effect of the disease. The other phenotypic and etiologic criteria were also evaluated, and we analyzed 13 GLIM combinations. Concurrent validity between GLIM criteria and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment was evaluated. Logistic and Cox regression were used in the predictive validation. RESULTS: For concurrent validity (n = 208), most GLIM combinations (n = 6; 54.5%) presented a moderate agreement with Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment and none showed satisfactory sensitivity and specificity (>80%). Reduced MM evaluated by SMI and SMI were present in the GLIM combinations associated with postoperative complications (odds ratio, ≥2.0), independent of other phenotypic and etiologic criteria. The combinations with reduced MM considering any method and fixed phenotypic criteria and TNM were associated with mortality (hazard ratio, ≥2.0). CONCLUSIONS: Satisfactory concurrent validity was not verified. The GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition was associated with postoperative complications and mortality.

Epidemiologic case investigation on the zoonotic transmission of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius among dogs and their owners.

Dogs often carry methicillin-resistant Staphylococci asymptomatically. These bacteria are frequently linked to conditions such as canine pyoderma and otitis. Close interaction between dogs and humans can facilitate the exchange of resistant strains, particularly Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP). This represents a public health issue, since these strains, in addition to occasionally causing infections in humans, can also serve as a source of resistance and virulence genes for strains of greater importance in human medicine, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, MRSP strains are often multidrug resistant, which ends up compromising the treatment of infections. This study aimed to assess the potential transmission of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius among dogs and their owners. We examined a total of one hundred canine samples collected from cases of pyoderma and otitis to detect the presence of staphylococci. Simultaneously, we conducted evaluations on all dog owners. Staphylococci strains were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and PCR targeting the nuc gene. Methicillin resistance screening was also performed by detecting the mecA gene using PCR. Among the sampled dogs, 64 carried S. pseudintermedius. Nine were identified as MRSP. In six instances, dogs and their owners exhibited S. pseudintermedius. These samples underwent genome sequencing and were screened for antimicrobial resistance genes, SCCmec typing, MLST characterization, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) analyses. The results of the phylogenetic analysis revealed that in three cases, dogs and owners had closely related isolates, suggesting interspecies transmission. Two of these cases involved MRSP and one MSSP. Moreover, in the two MRSP cases, the same SCCmec type (type V) was detected. Additionally, the sequence type was consistent across all three cases involving dogs and owners (MSSP ST2277, MRSP ST2282, and ST2286). These findings strongly indicate a transmission event. Since Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is primarily isolated from canine samples, it is plausible that dogs may have acted as a potential source. In the remaining three cases, despite identifying the same species in both samples, they had notable phylogenetic differences.

High prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin among Staphylococcus coagulans isolated from dogs in Rio de Janeiro.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to characterize the capacity for biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance rates, and search for genetic determinants of resistance and virulence in the species. METHODS AND RESULTS: Strains were collected from asymptomatic and infected dogs. Identification was conducted using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF), antimicrobial susceptibility using disk diffusion and PCR targeting mecA. Biofilm formation was evaluated on a microtiter plate assay. A total of 27 strains were selected for whole-genome sequencing. We identified 111 Staphylococcus coagulans. The highest number was obtained from infected dogs. The highest resistance rates were observed for penicillin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin/erythromycin. Twelve strains were characterized as resistant to methicillin. All isolates had the ability to form biofilm and were strong producers. Among Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus coagulans (MRSC), SCCmec types IIIA, and Vc were identified. Acquired resistance genes, such as aac(6')-aph(2''), tet(K), blaZ, qacG, qacJ, and erm(C) were found. Different virulence genes were identified. Of note, Panton-Valentine Leucocidin was highly prevalent among the isolates. CONCLUSION: Staphylococcus coagulans had a high isolation rate among infected dogs and demonstrated significant resistance to commonly used antibiotics such as penicillin and gentamicin.

Análise epidemiológica dos acidentes por animais peçonhentos no estado de pernambuco / Epidemiological analysis of accidents caused by venomous animals in the state of Pernambuco

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes por animais peçonhentos no estado de Pernambuco, entre 2018 e 2022. Método: Pesquisa epidemiológica do tipo quantitativa, realizada com secundários do SINAN. Selecionado às variáveis: sexo, faixa etária, raça, escolaridade, gestação, local de picada, tempo de atendimento, tipo de acidente, soroterapia, classificação e evolução final. Os Programa Microsoft Excel e Word foram utilizados para análise estatística. Resultados: Foram notificados 105.005 casos, predominando-se em períodos quentes e chuvosos. Houve maior notificação no sexo feminino (53,05%), dos 20 aos 39 anos (31,74%), ensino fundamental incompleto (15,96%), pardos (67,88%) e não gestantes (87,07%). A maioria dos acidentes foram causados por escorpiões (73,39%), originando-se nos pés (30,35%), com atendimento médico em até 1 hora (47,74%), leves (85,73%), evoluindo para cura (91,52%) sem soroterapia (82,92%). Conclusão: Torna-se evidente a importância de medidas para seu controle, principalmente em orientações populacional e o preenchimento correto da ficha de notificação.(AU)

To analyze the epidemiological profile of accidents by venomous animals in the state of Pernambuco between 2018 and 2022. Method: Quantitative epidemiological research using secondary data from SINAN. The following variables were selected: gender, age group, race, schooling, pregnancy, place of bite, time of care, type of accident, serotherapy, classification and final evolution. The Microsoft Excel and Word programs were used for statistical analysis. Results: 105,005 cases were reported, predominantly during hot and rainy periods. Most cases were reported among females (53.05%), those aged between 20 and 39 (31.74%), those with incomplete primary education (15.96%), those with brown skin (67.88%) and those who were not pregnant (87.07%). The majority of accidents were caused by scorpions (73.39%), originated in the feet (30.35%), with medical attention within 1 hour (47.74%), mild (85.73%), evolving to cure (91.52%) without serotherapy (82.92%). Conclusion: The importance of measures to control the disease is clear, especially in terms of guidance for the population and the correct completion of the notification form.(AU)

Analizar el perfil epidemiológico de los accidentes por animales venenosos en el estado de Pernambuco entre 2018 y 2022. Método: Investigación epidemiológica cuantitativa utilizando datos secundarios del SINAN. Fueron seleccionadas las siguientes variables: sexo, grupo de edad, raza, escolaridad, embarazo, lugar de la mordedura, tiempo de atención, tipo de accidente, sueroterapia, clasificación y evolución final. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó Microsoft Excel y Word. Resultados: Se notificaron 105.005 casos, predominantemente durante los períodos cálidos y lluviosos. La mayoría de los casos se notificaron en mujeres (53,05%), con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 39 años (31,74%), con estudios primarios incompletos (15,96%), de piel morena (67,88%) y no embarazadas (87,07%). La mayoría de los accidentes fueron causados por escorpiones (73,39%), se originaron en los pies (30,35%), recibieron atención médica en menos de 1 hora (47,74%), fueron leves (85,73%) y evolucionaron hacia la curación (91,52%) sin sueroterapia (82,92%). Conclusión: Es evidente la importancia de las medidas de control de la enfermedad, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la orientación de la población y a la correcta cumplimentación del formulario de notificación.(AU)

Oral formulation of Wnt inhibitor complex reduces inflammation and fibrosis in intraperitoneal implants in vivo.

The use of implantable biomaterials to replace physiological and anatomical functions has been widely investigated in the clinic. However, the selection of biomaterials is crucial for long-term function, and the implantation of certain biomaterials can cause inflammatory and fibrotic processes, triggering a foreign body reaction that leads to loss of function and consequent need for removal. Specifically, the Wnt signaling pathway controls the healing process of the human body, and its dysregulation can result in inflammation and fibrosis, such as in peritoneal fibrosis. Here, we assessed the effects of daily oral administration of a Wnt pathway inhibitor complex (CD:LGK974) to reduce the inflammatory, fibrotic, and angiogenic processes caused by intraperitoneal implants. CD:LGK974 significantly reduced the infiltration of immune cells and release of inflammatory cytokines in the implant region compared to the control groups. Furthermore, CD:LGK974 inhibited collagen deposition and reduced the expression of pro-fibrotic α-SMA and TGF-ß1, confirming fibrosis reduction. Finally, the CD:LGK974 complex decreased VEGF levels and both the number and area of blood vessels formed, suggesting decreased angiogenesis. This work introduces a potential new application of the Wnt inhibitor complex to reduce peritoneal fibrosis and the rejection of implants at the intraperitoneal site, possibly allowing for longer-term functionality of existing clinical biomaterials.

Characterizing biofilm formation of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in different suture materials.

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the primary cause of pyoderma and surgical site infection (SSI) in dogs, and biofilm formation is the main reason for persistent SSI. The presence of biofilm in medical devices can directly impact treatment. Methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) emerged rapidly in companion animals, limiting treatment options. MRSP is a public health problem since zoonotic transmission can occur. The study seeks to evaluate biofilm formation capacity via Staphylococcus pseudintermedius collected from dogs affected by topical infections, in suture materials commonly used in companion animal surgery. We tested segments of four types of sutures. Biofilm production was measured by staining with safranin and colorimetric absorbance measurement. We calculated colony-forming units (CFUs) for each type of sutures and visualized biofilm via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. The genes associated with biofilm formation (icaA and icaD) were identified using PCR. The colorimetric tests showed that the biofilm is most abundantly formed on the cotton sutures and polyglactin 910. The ability to form biofilm on polypropylene and nylon sutures has also been demonstrated, although at varying intensities. PCR revealed the presence of the two genes (icaA and icaD) in all the isolates. We used a positive control using a reference strain and negative control without bacteria for comparisons. Suture material allowing biofilm formation makes it difficult to prevent and treat surgical site infections. Therefore, it is important to know which suture thread is more susceptible to biofilm formation by bacteria to prevent possible secondary infections at surgical sites.

Cinnamon Infusion Reduces Satiety and Increases Energy Intake: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the intake of a single dose of cinnamon infusion on energy metabolism, appetite responses, and food intake in healthy individuals. METHODS: This was an open randomized crossover clinical trial, with a minimum washout of 7 days, in which two standardized breakfasts were served randomly: one with cinnamon infusion (2 g, Cinnamomum sp.) and one with water (control). The study included 21 healthy volunteers. Energy expenditure (EE), diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), respiratory quotient (RQ), substrate oxidation, and appetite responses were evaluated, as well as prospective food intake. RESULTS: Ingestion of cinnamon infusion did not alter EE, DIT, RQ, or substrate oxidation. The incremental area under the curve for hunger, satiety, and desire to eat did not differ between the treatment with cinnamon infusion and water; however, there was a reduction in the feeling of satiety (p = 0.021) compared to the control treatment. The energy consumption of the first meal after treatment was higher (p = 0.05) in the treatment with cinnamon infusion than in the control treatment. Regarding macronutrients or food intake throughout the day, there was no difference between treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Although it did not affect energy metabolism, consuming a single dose of cinnamon infusion promoted less feeling of satiety and increased energy intake in the first meal after treatment. The study protocol was registered at the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry Platform (RBR-5ftg3z).

Tranca ou tratamento: a aplicação da medida de segurança no contexto da saúde mental / Locked up or treatment: security measures enforcement in the context of mental health

O artigo debate o gerenciamento das medidas de segurança, analisando as legislações brasileiras e as políticas públicas de saúde mental correspondentes à temática, implantadas a partir de tentativas de superação de paradigmas positivistas prevalentes no judiciário brasileiro. Trata-se de garantir o tratamento ambulatorial, independente da motivação da custódia no contexto de interface entre saúde mental e segurança pública para prevalecer a Lei 10.216/2001, em detrimento do Código Penal, retrógrado, pautado na custódia e na punição, e não no tratamento nos dispositivos de saúde mental no território. O panorama dos Estabelecimentos de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico (ECTPs) e as inovações práticas produzidas a partir da parceria entre os campos da saúde mental e do direito no país são analisadas nas suas contribuições à produção de novas políticas públicas. Conclui-se que, apesar dos investimentos pontuais em programas especializados, também apresentados neste artigo, ainda é incerto o término da internação compulsória em ECTP, em prol do encaminhamento urgente e direto dos sujeitos portadores de transtorno mental em conflito com a lei aos dispositivos da rede de atenção psicossocial no país.

This article discusses the custodial sentence management by analyzing Brazilian law and the mental health public policies concerning this topic that were adopted from initiatives that have tried do overcome prevalent positivistic paradigms in the Brazilian judiciary. This paper advocates that the outpatient treatment should be maintained considering the interface between Mental Health and Public Security, regardless of the reasons for the custody, as such, it would meet Brazilian law 10.216/2001 guidance towards treatment in psicossocial devices over custody and punishment-oriented Brazilian penal code. The custodial and treatment institutions (CTIs) and the practical innovations created as a result of a partnership between both Brazilian Mental Health and Law fields of knowledge are investigated by observing their contributions for new public policies production. Despite scarce investments in specialized programs, it concludes that the end of the CTIs compulsory hospitalization is yet uncertain. It advocates urgent addressing of mental health patients in conflict with the law to Brazilian alternative psychosocial devices.

Effect of thermal processing on the antigenicity of allergenic milk, egg and soy proteins.

The detection of allergenic proteins and the influence of processing on the structure and antigenicity of these proteins are relevant topics. Using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, this study aimed to evaluate the degradation profiles of milk, egg and soy proteins during the processing of semisweet biscuits. The formulations were baked under different conditions according to a complete factorial experiment that included a three-level temperature factor and a six-level time factor. ß-lactoglobulin and egg white proteins were severely degraded, the degradation of casein was intermediate, and soy proteins were the most stable. Complete allergen protein degradation was found under only the extreme baking conditions, which resulted in products that were not sensorily acceptable. Residual levels of the proteins were detected after baking, indicating that this thermal processing reduced but did not eliminate the antigenicity of these proteins; thus, baking cannot be considered a strategy to protect allergic consumers.

A construção do Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico Henrique Roxo à luz da memória de Miguel Ângelo Roberto D'Elia / The construction of the Forensic Pychiatric Hospital Henrique Roxo in light of Miguel Ângelo Roberto D'Elia's memories / La construction de l'Hôpital Psychiatrique Pénitentiaire Henrique Roxo à la lumière des mémoires de Miguel Ângelo Roberto D'Elia / Construcción del Hospital de Custodia y Tratamiento Psiquiátrico Henrique Roxo a la luz de la memoria de Miguel Ângelo Roberto D'Elia

A partir da análise de uma postagem de Miguel Ângelo Roberto D'Elia, médico, ex-diretor da Divisão de Doenças Mentais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro na década de 1960, e idealizador da construção do Manicômio Judiciário Henrique Roxo em Niterói, este artigo investiga a memória do processo de construção dessa instituição. O corpus deste artigo é constituído pelo post publicado no Google+, de autoria D'Elia. No texto, de cunho autobiográfico, o autor descreve uma rede de alianças sociais e políticas efetivadas durante o seu período na gestão pública, bem como as ações por ele protagonizadas até a inauguração do referido estabelecimento fluminense.

Based on a post by Miguel Ângelo Roberto D'Elia, physician, former director of the Rio de Janeiro State Division for Mental Illnesses in the 1960s and the founder of the forensic psychiatric hospital Henrique Roxo in the city of Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, this article investigates the memory of the construction of that institution. A post on Google+ by D'Elia makes up the research corpus of this article. In his autobiographical text, D'Elia describes social and political networks at play during his tenure in public administration, as well as his initiatives until the opening of the institution.

Cet article analyse un post sur Internet de la part de Miguel Ângelo Roberto D'Elia, médecin et ancien directeur de la Division des Maladies Mentales de l'État de Rio de Janeiro dans les années 1960, réalisateur de la construction de l'Hôpital Psychiatrique Pénitentiaire Henrique Roxo de la ville de Niterói, État de Rio de Janeiro. On explore les mémoires de la construction de cet l'établissement à partir de ce post sur Google+ rédigé par D'Elia qui intègre donc le corpus de cette recherche. Ce texte autobiographique décrit le réseau d'alliances sociales et politiques pendant son poste au sein de la gestion publique, ainsi que les actions qu'il avait réalisées jusqu'à l'inauguration de l'établissement.

Basado en una publicación de Miguel Ângelo Roberto D'Elia, médico y exdirector de la División de Enfermedades Mentales del Estado de Río de Janeiro en la década de 1960, e idealizador de la construcción del Manicomio Judicial Henrique Roxo en la ciudad de Niterói, en el Estado de Rio de Janeiro, este trabajo estudia la memoria de la construcción de esta institución. Una publicación en Google+ del citado autor compone el corpus de la investigación. En el texto autobiográfico, el autor reconstruyó la red de alianzas sociales y políticas durante su periodo de gestión pública, así como las etapas transcurridas hasta la inauguración del hospital.

Effects of gonadotropin inducible ovarian transcription factor 1 in the paraventricular nucleus on fluid intake after dehydration of ovariectomized female rats.

NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Giot1, the gene for gonadotropin inducible ovarian transcription factor 1 (GIOT1), is upregulated in osmotically challenged rats: does Giot1 gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus have a role in controlling fluid intake following dehydration and what is the role of ovarian hormones in the modulation of GIOT1 actions? What is the main finding and its importance? GIOT1 acts to regulate water and salt intake as well as hormone secretion after dehydration. The identification of genes that participate in the hormone and behavioural responses involved with hydromineral homeostasis is essential for future exploration of novel drug targets for the treatment of metabolic disease. ABSTRACT: In order to maintain body fluid balance after dehydration, hypothalamic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are activated to promote secretion of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) from the neurohypophysis, and to modulate the behavioural allostatic responses of thirst and salt appetite. Gonadotropin inducible transcription factor (GIOT1) is a Krüppel-type zinc finger protein induced by gonadotropins and oestradiol (E2). This transcription factor is expressed in the hypothalamus, specifically in the PVN where expression of Giot1 mRNA increases following hydromineral challenges such as water deprivation or salt loading, although its physiological role is not clear. We hypothesize that GIOT1 has a central role in the integrated homeostatic and allostatic responses to disturbances in hydromineral balance, especially in the presence of female gonadal hormones. Female rats with intact ovaries or ovariectomized rats were subjected to specific microinjection of a lentiviral vector mediating Giot1 knockdown in the PVN. Three weeks after injection, rats were subjected to 48 h water deprivation, and thereafter water and salt intake were evaluated. Giot1 knockdown in PVN reduced water and saline intake as well as AVP and OXT secretion. Furthermore, Giot1 knockdown had profound effects on gene expression in the PVN, reducing the abundance of transcripts encoded by the Avp, Oxt, Nr4a1 and Crh genes. In conclusion, the present study shows for the first time that GIOT1 in the PVN regulates both transcription and fluid intake, although any connection to ovarian hormones remains to be established.

The impact of L-branched-chain amino acids and L-leucine on malnutrition, sarcopenia, and other outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease.

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic and hormonal disorders resulting from chronic liver diseases culminate in increased proteolysis and decreased protein synthesis, which contributes to the development and progression of malnutrition and, consequently, sarcopenia. Nutritional management of sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis is a continuously evolving field and data on essential amino acid supplementation in chronic liver diseases is scarce. AREAS COVERED: This review encompasses the current literature on oral amino acids supplementation in patients with chronic liver disease or patients with liver cirrhosis to try to elucidate the possible effects of L-branched-chain amino acids and isolated L-leucine as a therapeutic approach to malnutrition and sarcopenia. EXPERT COMMENTARY: To ensure an optimal nutritional status and to reduce sarcopenia, it is necessary to assess nutritional status in all patients with liver cirrhosis and to apply nutritional interventions accordingly. The supply of calories, proteins, and essential amino acids is necessary for the maintenance of muscle mass and function. Although supplementation of L-branched-chain amino acids plays an important role in liver disease, L-leucine has been described as the main amino acid involved in protein turnover, reducing proteolysis, and stimulating protein synthesis.

Strategies to control delayed onset muscle soreness and fatigue in paracanoe athletes / Estratégias para controle da fadiga e dor muscular de início tardio em atletas de paracanoagem / Estrategias para controlar el dolor muscular de aparición tardía y la fatiga en atletas paracaidistas

ABSTRACT Objectives To analyze the strategies to control delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and fatigue used by Brazilian paracanoe para-athletes. Methodology: 34 para-athletes were interviewed during the Brazilian canoeing championship in 2017. The interview was divided into four parts: athlete's personal data, disability characteristics, sport practice, and relationship of performance with fatigue and DOMS. Results: 91% of the para-athletes reported DOMS and 88% fatigue. However, despite feeling DOMS and fatigue, 70% of the para-athletes did not undertake prevention or recovery interventions. Conclusion: Although Brazilian paracanoe para-athletes reported intense and frequent DOMS and fatigue, they do not use any strategy to control or reduce them.

RESUMO Objetivos Analisar as estratégias de controle da dor muscular de início tardio (DMIT) e da fadiga utilizadas por atletas brasileiros de paracanoagem. Metodologia: 34 atletas foram entrevistados durante o campeonato brasileiro de canoagem 2017. A entrevista foi dividida em quatro partes: dados pessoais do atleta, características da deficiência, prática esportiva e relação do desempenho com a fadiga e a DMIT. Resultados: 91% relataram sentir DOMS e 88% fadiga. Porém, apesar de sentirem DMIT e fadiga, 70% dos atletas não realizaram intervenções de prevenção ou recuperação. Conclusão: Embora os atletas brasileiros de paracanoagem relatem intensa e frequente DMIT e fadiga, eles não utilizam nenhuma estratégia para controlá-los ou reduzi-los.

RESUMEN Objetivos Analizar las estrategias de control para el dolor muscular de inicio tardío (DOMS) y la fatiga utilizados por los atletas paracaidistas brasileños. Metodología: 34 atletas fueron entrevistados durante el campeonato brasileño de piragüismo 2017. La entrevista se dividió en cuatro partes: datos personales del atleta, características de discapacidad, práctica deportiva y relación de rendimiento con fatiga y DOMS. Resultados: 91% informó sentirse DOMS y el 88% fatiga. Sin embargo, apesar de sentir DOMS y fatiga, el 70% de los atletas no realizaron intervenciones de prevención o recuperación. Conclusión: Aunque los atletas paracaidistas brasileños reportaron DOMS intenso y frecuente y fatiga, no utilizan ninguna estrategia para controlarlos o reducirlos.

Aspectos de personalidade em adolescentes infratores violentos e não violentos segundo inventário de Jesness: um estudo comparativo / Personality aspects in violent and nonviolent juvenile offenders according to Jesness Inventory: a comparative study

Pesquisas criminológicas destacam as variáveis relativas a aspectos da personalidade como os melhores preditores do comportamento delituoso persistente. Este estudo objetivou verificar se adolescentes infratores violentos e não violentos apresentam padrões de personalidade diferentes, avaliados pela versão brasileira do Inventário de Jesness. Cento e vinte e nove adolescentes do sexo masculino em conflito com a lei, de 15 a 18 anos, com histórico de três boletins de ocorrência, em média, foram divididos entre os que haviam cometido delitos violentos (GV=88) e os que não haviam (GNV=41). Os grupos foram comparados nas 13 escalas do Inventário e os resultados indicaram diferenças significativas entre GV e GNV em seis das 13 escalas. Do ponto de vista da interpretação do instrumento e suas escalas, GV pontuou em um sentido pior que GNV. As escalas que diferenciaram os grupos relacionam-se a um funcionamento psicológico que remete a problemas de controle dos impulsos, manejo da raiva/sentimentos negativos e atitudes hostis/agressivas.

Criminological research highlights variables related to personality aspects as the best predictors of persistent criminal behavior. This study aimed to verify if violent and non-violent adolescent offenders show different personality patterns, evaluated by the Brazilian version of the Jesness Inventory. 129 male adolescents in conflict with the law, aged 15 to 18 years, with a history of 3 offense records on average, were divided between those who had committed violent crimes (GV = 88) and those who had not (GNV = 41). The groups were compared in the 13 scales of the Inventory. The results indicated significant differences between GV and GNV in 6 of the 13 scales. Regarding the interpretation of the instrument and its scales, GV scored in a worse direction than GNV. The scales that differentiate the groups are related to psychological functioning that refers to problems of impulse control, anger/negative feelings management and hostile/aggressive attitudes.

Effect of practice exergames on the mood states and self-esteem of elementary school boys and girls during physical education classes: A cluster-randomized controlled natural experiment.

Reduced physical exercise can impact children's mental health. Use of active electronic games can help promote psychological health. Physical education (PE class) uses different resources, methods, and contents to promote student health. We investigated the effect of exergames on the mood and self-esteem of children and compare it that of with traditional PE classes. From a sample of 213 children (7-11 years old), 140 from 10 classes of the fourth and fifth grades of elementary school (59 boys, 81 girls; mean age 9.41±0.48 years), allocated to an experimental group (EG; n = 68; five clusters) and a PE group (PE; n = 72; five clusters), participated in this experimental controlled study. The EG practiced exergames during three 40-minute classes, and the PE group held three routine curricular PE classes. Brunel's Mood Scale and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale were applied. Repeated measures ANOVA identified differences between sexes and groups. The main results of the EG demonstrated reduced tension in girls (p <0.05; ES: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.17-1.05). Regarding sex comparisons, anger was lower in girls (F: 4.57; p <0.05; ES: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.11-1.11) in the EG. Vigor was higher in girls in the EG than in those in the PE group (F: 5.46; p <0.05; ES: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.12-1.01). The main results of the PE group indicated increased self-esteem in boys (p <0.05; ES: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.08-1.07) and reduction of girls' mental confusion (p <0.05; ES 0.58; 95% CI 0.15-1.06). Thus, exergames impact boys' and girls' self-esteem and mood, as well as traditional physical education classes. Further study on exergames in schools is essential, with long-term effects on physical and mental health. Exergames bring interesting, varied content, technology, and innovation that can increase the attractiveness of physical education.

Age of initiation, years of practice, and competition are related to junior ranking of youth elite tennis players / La edad de iniciación, los años de práctica y la competición están relacionados con la clasificación junior de jóvenes tenistas de elite / Idade de iniciação, anos de prática e competição estão relacionadas com a classificação no ranking de jovens tenistas de elite

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the relationship between the initiation age and practice time, in training and competition, and the ranking position of youth elite tennis players. METHOD: Participated 130 youth elite tennis players with a Brazilian ranking (102 boys and 28 girls) aged 13-18 years, selected in two international competitions. A Binary logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: The results showed that tennis players who started earlier have a 28% better chance of reaching the top 20 ranking, and that each additional year of training increases the chance of a tennis player to reach the top 20 by 1.43 times. Also, each year of experience in competitions increases the chance of tennis players to reach the top 20 ranking by 1.41 times, and that an earlier start each year in participating in competitions increases the chances of an athlete to reach the top 20 by 20%. CONCLUSION: The initiation age of training and the experience in competitions are important factors there are related to better ranking positions of youth elite tennis players

OBJETIVO: Investigar la relación entre la edad de iniciación y los anos de prática, en el entrenamiento y la competición, y la posición de clasificación de jóvenes tenistas de élite. MÉTODO: Participarán 130 jóvenes tenistas de elite con una clasificación en la Confederación Brasileña de Tenis (102 chicos y 28 chicas) de 13 a 18 años selecionados en dos competiciones internacionales. Se realizó una regresión logística binaria. RESULTADOS: Los resultados mostraran que los jugadores de tenis que empezaron antes tienen una probabilidad un 28% mayor de alcanzar el Top 20 y que cada año adicional de entrenamiento aumenta la probabilidad de que un tenista alcance el Top 20 en 1.43 veces. También cada año de experiencia en competiciones aumenta la probabilidad de que los jugadores alcancen el Top 20 en 1.41 veces, y que un comienzo más temprano al participar en competiciones aumenta las posibilidades de que un atleta alcance el Top 20 en 20%. CONCLUSIONES: La edad de iniciación de la formación y la experiencia en competiciones son inportante factores que se relacionan a mejores posiciones en la clasificación de jóvenes tenistas de la élite

OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre a idade de iniciação e os anos de prática, em treino e competição, e a posição no ranking de jovens tenistas de elite. MÉTODO: Participaram 130 jovens tenistas de elite com uma classificação na Confederação Brasileira de Tenis (102 meninos e 28 meninas) de 13 a 18 anos selecionados em duas competições internacionais. Foi realizada uma regressão logística binária. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que os tenistas que iniciaram mais cedo possuem uma probabilidade de 28% maior de alcançar o Top 20 e que cada ano adicional de treinamento aumenta a probabilidade de que um tenista alcance o Top 20 em 1.43 vezes. Além disso, cada ano de experiência em competições aumenta a probabilidade dos tenistas alcançarem o Top 20 em 1.41 vezes, e um início mais cedo em participações em competições aumenta a probabilidade de um atleta alcançar o Top 20 em 20%. CONCLUSÕES: A idade de início de treino e a experiência em competições são fatores importantes que estão relacionados com melhores posições no ranking de jovens tenistas de elite