ABSTRACT
Resumo Historicamente, na diáspora brasileira, a formação, as práticas profissionais e a produção de conhecimento pouco têm priorizado epistemologias, saberes e fazeres ancestrais negros, negligenciando direitos, singularidades e necessidades inerentes às pessoas negras. Estatisticamente configurada como maioria no Brasil, esta população deve ser alvo de ações políticas, acadêmicas e práticas que contemplem seus singulares modos de ser e estar no mundo, revertendo lógicas universais. Este manuscrito tem como objetivo apresentar de que forma a Pesquisa Iṣẹ́: construção de abordagens clínicas, culturais e educacionais voltadas para a população negra, vinculada ao Lab-Iṣẹ́/UFRJ, tem contribuído nos processos de formação e de restituição das subjetividades negras no Brasil. Caracteriza-se com um método de pesquisa qualitativa de abordagem cartográfica. A proposta é realizar a cartografia das bases teóricas e conceituais negras nas produções científicas, clínicas, culturais e educacionais nos cursos de graduação do país. Para este artigo, o recorte se deu para o curso de graduação em Terapia Ocupacional da UFRJ, mais especificamente no Lab-Iṣẹ́, por ser o primeiro Laboratório de Terapia Ocupacional do Brasil dedicado à temática da população negra. Além do levantamento e análise de materiais teóricos e documentais, as narrativas da equipe do laboratório possibilitaram considerar como resultado o quanto a terapia ocupacional afrorreferenciada tem sido uma importante construção condutora dos processos de formação e subjetivação das pessoas negras envolvidas nas ações do Laboratório. Espera-se que este trabalho inspire o campo para a reformulação de suas práticas embranquecidas.
Abstract Historically, in the Brazilian diaspora, training, professional practices, and the production of knowledge have not prioritized epistemologies, knowledge, and ancestral black practices, neglecting rights, singularities and needs inherent to black people. Statistically configured as the majority in Brazil, this population should be the target of political, academic, and practical actions that contemplate their unique ways of being in the world, reversing universal logics. This manuscript aims to present how the Iṣẹ́ Research: construction of clinical, cultural and educational approaches aimed at the black population, linked to the Lab-Iṣẹ́/UFRJ, has contributed to the processes of formation and restitution of black subjectivities in Brazil. The research method is qualitative with a cartographic approach. The proposal is to carry out the mapping of black theoretical and conceptual bases in scientific, clinical, cultural, and educational productions in undergraduate courses in the country. For this article, the focus was on the occupational therapy undergrad course at UFRJ, more specifically at Lab-Iṣẹ́, as it is the first occupational therapy laboratory in Brazil dedicated to the black population. In addition to the survey and analysis of theoretical and documentary materials, the narratives of the laboratory team made it possible to consider as a result how much afro-referenced occupational therapy has been an important construction leading to the processes of formation and subjectivation of black people involved in the actions of the Laboratory. It is hoped that this work will inspire the entire field for the reformulation of its whitened practices.
ABSTRACT
The usual approaches used in ecological risk assessment have been based on individual and population level standard procedures. Although these have been important tools to assess adverse effects on ecosystems, they are generally simplified and therefore lack ecological realism. Microcosm studies using meiobenthic communities offer a good compromise between the complexity of the ecosystem and the often highly artificial settings of laboratory experiments. An experiment was designed to investigate the potential of the microcosm approach using meiofauna as a tool for ecotoxicological studies. The experiment tested the ecological effects of exposure to sewage-impacted pore water simultaneously at the community level using meiofauna microcosms and at the individual level using laboratory fecundity tests with the copepod Nitokra sp. Specifically, the experiment tested the toxicity of pore water from three sites according to a contamination gradient. Both approaches were efficient in detecting differences in toxicity between the less and more contaminated sites. However, only multivariate data from community analysis detected differences in the gradient of contamination. In addition to information about toxicity, the community level microcosm experiment gave indications about sensitive and tolerant species, indirect ecological effects, as well as raised hypothesis about contamination routes and bioavailability to be tested. Considering the importance of meiofauna for benthic ecosystems, the microcosm approach using natural meiobenthic communities might be a valuable addition as a higher tier approach in ecological risk assessment, providing highly relevant ecological information on the toxicity of contaminated sediments.
