Periodontitis and nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection: preliminary findings.

AIM: To evaluate the possible association between periodontitis and nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted at a General Hospital in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. The sample consisted of 103 individuals: 22 cases (presence of nosocomial LRTI) and 81 controls (absence of nosocomial LRTI). The diagnosis of periodontitis was based on probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing. The diagnosis of nosocomial LRTI was made in accordance with established medical criteria. RESULTS: Invasive ventilation was much more frequent in cases (95.5%) than in controls (7.4%). An orotracheal tube was used in 81.8% of cases and in 7.4% of controls; bronchoaspiration was suspected in 81.8% of cases and in 6.2% of controls. There was no statistically significant difference in any of the clinical periodontal parameters between cases and controls. The crude odds ratio (OR) value for individuals with periodontitis having LRTI was not statistically significant [OR(crude)=1.70; 95% confidence interval:(0.60-4.87)]. After including age, smoking and duration of hospitalization in the logistic regression, the adjusted OR for individuals with periodontitis having LRTI was statistically significant [OR(adjusted)=3.67 (1.01-13.53); p=0.049]. CONCLUSIONS: A marginal association between periodontitis and LRTI was found when smoking, age and length of hospitalization were included as covariates. Patients with LRTI had a high frequency of suspected bronchoaspiration and this could explain the possible association of periodontal disease and LRTI found in this and other studies. Additional studies are needed to further clarify the possible relationship between periodontal disease and LRTI.

Experimentação e uso regular de bebidas alcoólicas, cigarros e outras substâncias psicoativas/SPA na adolescência / Experimentation and regular use of alcoholic beverages, cigarettes and other Psychoactive Substances (PAS) during adolescence

OBJETIVO: analisar o uso de bebidas alcoólicas, cigarros, outras substâncias psicoativas - SPA e fatores de risco entre adolescentes das escolas de um município com 500 mil/hab., Bahia/Brasil. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, com amostra aleatória, estratificada por conglomerado com adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos, totalizando 10 escolas públicas e 1.409 alunos de Feira de Santana. O instrumento auto-aplicável foi elaborado segundo a OMS e outros estudos nacionais adequados à faixa adolescente, com rigoroso procedimento, garantindo anonimato e sigilo. RESULTADOS: 86,5 por cento dos adolescentes consideravam-se bem informados sobre SPA, a maioria por TV, rádio e escola; 57,0 por cento relataram uso de bebidas alcoólicas, principalmente cervejas e vinhos; 23,3 por cento usavam cigarros e 5,2 por cento outras SPA (cânabis, solventes e cocaína); 29,3 por cento usavam bebidas uma a três vezes/mês e 13 por cento todo final de semana. Na faixa de 10 a 14 anos, 47 por cento experimentaram bebidas e 16,7 por cento outras SPA. A razão de prevalência (RP) mostrou consumo de bebidas, cigarros e outras SPA significantemente maiores na faixa 17 a 19 anos e sexo masculino. A curiosidade foi a principal motivação; na companhia de amigos e pais; festas e casas de colegas. CONCLUSÕES: A Necessidade de institucionalização de atividades adequadas nas escolas à prevenção do uso das SPA entre jovens.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the use of alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, other psychoactive substances - PAS , among adolescents of public schools of Feira de Santana, Bahia/Brazil. METHOD: Cross sectional study with random samples, stratified in terms of conglomerate units (schools and students). The sample of the study totalled 1,409 adolescents between 14 and 19 years old from 10 public schools; 30 percent of the total of schools of the municipality with 500,000/inhabitants. The representation of schools and students was respected. The self-report instrument was elaborated according to OMS recommendations and as used in others studies1,2,3. The data were collected according to guaranteed the anonymity of the subjects investigated. RESULTS: 86,5 percent of the adolescents were considered well informed on PAS; 57,0 percent reported alcoholic beverage consumption, mainly beers and wines; 23,3 percent used cigarettes and 5.2 percent other PAS (marijuana, solvents and cocaine); 29,3 percent reported drinking alcoholic beverages one to three times/month and 13 percent every weekend. Among subjects 10 to 14 years old, 47 percent reported drinking alcohol and 16.7 percent using other PAS. The statistics analysis showed that consumption of alcohol, cigarettes and other PAS is significantly higher among 17-19 years males. Interestingly, the main motivation for drug use is the company of friends and parents. CONCLUSIONS: implement of a drug prevention program's in schools.

[Experimentation and regular use of alcoholic beverages, cigarettes and other Psychoactive Substances (PAS) during adolescence]. / Experimentação e uso regular de bebidas alcoólicas, cigarros e outras substâncias psicoativas/SPA na adolescência.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the use of alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, other psychoactive substances - PAS , among adolescents of public schools of Feira de Santana, Bahia/Brazil. METHOD: Cross sectional study with random samples, stratified in terms of conglomerate units (schools and students). The sample of the study totalled 1,409 adolescents between 14 and 19 years old from 10 public schools; 30% of the total of schools of the municipality with 500,000/inhabitants. The representation of schools and students was respected. The self-report instrument was elaborated according to OMS recommendations and as used in others studies. The data were collected according to guaranteed the anonymity of the subjects investigated. RESULTS: 86,5% of the adolescents were considered well informed on PAS; 57,0% reported alcoholic beverage consumption, mainly beers and wines; 23,3% used cigarettes and 5.2% other PAS (marijuana, solvents and cocaine); 29,3% reported drinking alcoholic beverages one to three times/month and 13% every weekend. Among subjects 10 to 14 years old, 47% reported drinking alcohol and 16.7% using other PAS. The statistics analysis showed that consumption of alcohol, cigarettes and other PAS is significantly higher among 17-19 years males. Interestingly, the main motivation for drug use is the company of friends and parents. CONCLUSIONS: implement of a drug prevention program's in schools.

Nível de informação sobre adolescência, puberdade e sexualidade entre adolescentes / Adolescents' knowledge about adolescence, puberty and sexuality

Objetivo: avaliar o nível de informação sobre adolescência, puberdade e sexualidade entre os adolescentes de 10 a 14 anos das escolas municipais de Feira de Santana, Bahia, no ano de 2000. Métodos: estudo de corte transversal, com amostragem aleatória, representativa, estratificada e proporcional (400) ao total de 6.419 estudantes matriculados. Foi estudado o nível de informação por idade, sexo e série de estudo. Os dados foram coletados com questionário específico, auto-aplicável, sigiloso, pré-testado, atribuindo-se escala de valores (escore) -satisfat6rio, regular e insatisfatório, conforme acertos, percentuais, e proporcionais aos temas pesquisados. A inferência estatística foi calculada pelo qui-quadrado (X), com nível de significância de 5 por cento, e as análises bivariada e mutivariada realizadas pela razão de prevalência simples e ajustada. Resultados: altas proporções do nível de informação insatisfatório sobre os temas, com destaque nas idades de dez (69,2por cento) e onze anos (70,6por cento), sexo feminino (61,7por cento) e quarta (82,8por cento) e quinta séries (61,1por cento). O nível de informação por sexo, ajustado à série e à idade, apontou que o sexo feminino tinha, respectivamente, 1,30 e1,27 vezes maior chance do nível insatisfatório em relação ao masculino. A análise do nível de informação por série, ajustado à idade, mostrou que as quarta e quinta séries tinham 2,32 vezes maiores chances do nível insatisfatório, comparado às sexta e oitava séries, com diferenças significantes (p<0,05).Conclusões: alta prevalência do nível de informação insatisfatório, com associação significante nas idades de dez a onze anos nas quarta e quinta séries e no sexo feminino, indicando necessidade deações educativas sobre saúde e sexualidade no início da adolescência, nas escolas municipais

[Adolescents' knowledge about adolescence, puberty and sexuality]. / Nível de informação sobre adolescência, puberdade e sexualidade entre adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to evaluate the level of knowledge about adolescence, pubertal development and sexuality among adolescents from 10 to 14 years old at municipal public schools in Feira de Santana-Bahia, 2000. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with a randomized and proportional sample out of a population of 6,419 students in the municipal Public System. The level of knowledge was analyzed according to age, sex and educational level. Data was collected by means of a specific confidential questionnaire, which was pre-tested. A scale of values (score--satisfactory, reasonable and unsatisfactory) was established according to the percentage and proportional number of right answers regarding general and specific topics. Statistical inference was calculated by chi-square with a significance of 5% as well as the bivariate and multivariate analysis, calculating the simple and adjusted prevalence, through stratified analysis. RESULTS: Adolescents showed unsatisfactory level of information about terms, particularly those at the age of 10 (69.2%) and 11 years (70.6%), female (61.7%) and the ones in the 4th (82.8%) and 5th (61.1%) grades. The level of knowledge according to sex, adjusted by age and educational level, showed that females are 1.3 and 1.27 times more likely to present an unsatisfactory level of knowledge than males. The level of knowledge according to educational level, adjusted by age, showed that those subjects between 4th and 5th grades are 2.32 times more likely to present an unsatisfactory level of knowledge if compared to students of 6th and 8th grades, with significant differences (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of unsatisfactory level of knowledge with significant association between 4th and 5th grades and females points to the necessity of educative actions regarding health and sexuality in the beginning of adolescence at municipal public schools.