Superhero media, aggression, and prosocialness: Relations in adults and gender's moderating role.

The present study aimed to observe the relationships between superhero media exposure, aggression, and prosocialness in adults. We also investigated gender's moderating role. A total of 700 Brazilians participated in the study (age mean = 25.77, SD = 8.63, SE = 0.32, 57% men). Results showed a positive relation between superhero media exposure, prosocialness (r = .18), and all aggression factors (physical: r = .13; verbal: r = .08; aggressive emotions: r = .16). Aggressive emotions mediated indirect effects of exposure (physical aggression: λ = 0.12, p < .01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05-0.21; verbal aggression: λ = 0.10, p < .01, 95% CI = 0.05-0.18). Finally, gender moderated the relationship between exposure and prosocialness (b = 0.13, t = 2.07, p = .03).

O lado obscuro da internet: uma revisão de literatura sobre o comportamento antissocial online / The internet's dark side: a literature review on antissocial online behaviour / El lado oscuro de internet: una revisión de la literatura sobre el comportamiento antisocial online

O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca do comportamento antissocial online e, também, categorizar esses comportamentos e observar aspectos psicossociais relacionados. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma síntese qualitativa, incluindo estudos quantitativos publicados entre 2016-2020 nas bases de dados Scopus, PsycInfo, Pepsic e Scielo. Vinte e cinco estudos se adequaram às análises. Os resultados demonstraram a existência de quatro categorias de comportamento antissocial online: cyberbullying, trollagem, comportamento antissocial sexual, e cyberstalking. A tétrade sombria (narcisismo, psicopatia, Maquiavelismo e sadismo) mostrou-se o preditor mais consistente dessas categorias nos estudos. O estudo alcançou os objetivos propostos, preenchendo duas lacunas: a inexistência de categorização do comportamento antissocial online e a escassez de estudos brasileiros sobre o tema

The study aimed to conduct a systematic literature review on antisocial online behavior. The objective was also to categorize these behaviors and observe related psychosocial aspects. To this end, a qualitative synthesis was used, including quantitative studies published between 2016-2020 in the Scopus, PsycInfo, Pepsic, and Scielo databases. 25 studies fitted the analyzes. The results demonstrated the existence of four antisocial online behavior categories: cyberbullying, trolling, sexual antisocial behavior, and cyberstalking. The dark tetrad (narcissism, sychopathy, Machiavellianism, and sadism) was the most consistent predictor of these categories among studies. The research fulfilled the proposed purposes, filling two literature gaps: The lack of categorization of antisocial online behavior; and the scarcity of Brazilian studies on the topic

El objetivo del estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el comportamiento antisocial online. El objetivo también fue categorizar estos comportamientos y observar aspectos psicosociales relacionados. Para ello, se utilizó una síntesis cualitativa, incluyendo estudios cuantitativos publicados entre 2016-2020 en las bases de datos Scopus, PsycInfo, Pepsic y Scielo. 25 estudios se ajustan a los análisis. Los resultados demostraron la existencia de cuatro categorías de comportamiento antisocial en línea: cyberbullying, trolling, comportamiento sexual antisocial y cyberstalking. La tétrada oscura (narcisismo, psicopatía, maquiavelismo y sadismo) fue el predictor más consistente de estas categorías entre los estudios. El estudio cumplió con los objetivos propuestos, llenando dos vacíos: La falta de categorización de la conducta antisocial en línea; y la escasez de estudios brasileños sobre el tema

Effect of food supplementation on in vitro embryo production and growth performance in prepubertal Nelore heifers.

In vitro embryos production from prepubertal heifers can help contribute to breeding programs; however, strategies are necessary to increase their embryo production. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two nutritional plans on oocyte recovery, embryo production and growth performance of prepubertal Nelore heifers. Thirty-four Nelore heifers with age of 6.5 months were divided into two feeding treatments (NP1 and NP2). The NP1 diets served as the control and NP2 diets were formulated to contain an average of 1.22-fold more energy than NP1. After 3 months of supplementation, the animals underwent follicular aspiration (ovum pick-up, OPU) every 21 d for 3 months and embryos were produced in vitro. Wither height, chest depth, body weight and subcutaneous fat of animals were measured. The number of retrieved and viable oocytes per OPU were 1.49-fold and 1.42-fold greater in NP2 heifers (p = 0.018 and p = 0.049, respectively) than those in NP1 heifers. Heifers administered NP2 produced 29.7% blastocysts, a percentage higher than NP1 animals that produced 24.40% embryos (p < 0.05). Consequently, females in the NP2 treatment showed improved body development. These results indicate a positive effect of a higher energy diet on assisted reproduction and body development in prepubertal heifers.

Effects of 12 Weeks of Family and Individual Multi-Disciplinary Intervention in Overweight and Obese Adolescents under Cardiometabolic Risk Parameters: A Clinical Trial.

Adolescence is a complex period of human development in which young people are susceptible to unhealthy behaviors, such as physical inactivity and an unbalanced diet. This study aimed to analyze the effects of 12 weeks of multi-disciplinary family and individual intervention on cardiometabolic risk parameters in overweight and obese adolescents and compare sub-groups, considering possible differences between sexes (males vs. females vs. intervention approach). Forty-three adolescents (13.73 ± 2.46 years old) of both sexes were divided into two groups: family group (FG) (n = 21; 14.24 ± 2.61 years old) and individual group (IG) (n = 22; 13.23 ± 2.27 years old). The following parameters were evaluated: anthropometry (body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), calculation of body mass index (BMI), and waist-hip ratio (WHR)), body composition (fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat percentage (BF), and visceral fat), biochemical measures (fasting glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-c), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL-c)), and the measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) before and after the interventions. The multi-disciplinary interventions occurred for 12 weeks (three days a week lasting 1 h and 30 min, in which 30 min were dedicated to theoretical interventions (nutrition: nutritional education and psychology: psychoeducation) and 1 h to physical exercises. A time effect was observed for LM, FFM, SMM, FM, and HDL-c, with higher values after intervention and a significant decrease for FM, BF, visceral fat, fasting glucose, TG, TC, LDL-c, and DBP (p < 0.05). However, no group, sub-group, or interaction effects were observed when comparing FG, IG, or sexes (p > 0.05). The responses of the present study show that both multi-disciplinary approaches (family and individual) promoted improvement in the body composition indicators, biochemical markers, and DBP of overweight and obese adolescents independently of the intervention group. Given this finding, health professionals, families, and adolescents could choose the type of intervention based on their preferences.

Polysaccharides from Passion Fruit Peels: From an Agroindustrial By-Product to a Viable Option for 5-FU-Induced Intestinal Damage.

Gastrointestinal mucositis is a serious and dose-limiting toxic side effect of oncologic treatment. Interruption of cancer treatment due to gastrointestinal mucositis leads to a significant decrease in cure rates and consequently to the deterioration of a patient's quality of life. Natural polysaccharides show a variety of beneficial effects, including a gastroprotective effect. Treatment with soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) biomass residues protected the gastric and intestinal mucosa in models of gastrointestinal injury. In this study, we investigated the protective therapeutic effect of SDF on 5-FU-induced mucositis in male and female mice. Oral treatment of the animals with SDF did not prevent weight loss but reduced the disease activity index and preserved normal intestinal function by alleviating diarrhea and altered gastrointestinal transit. SDF preserved the length of the colon and histological damage caused by 5-FU. SDF significantly restored the oxidative stress and inflammation in the intestine and the enlargement and swelling of the spleen induced by 5-FU. In conclusion, SDF may be a promising adjuvant strategy for the prevention and treatment of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU.

Enhanced mucosal response in sheep harbouring ßA beta-globin against haemonchosis.

Association between ovine ß-globin polymorphisms and resistance against haemonchosis was described and related to the mechanism of high oxygen affinity ßA ➔ ßC switch during anaemia, but there are no studies regarding the involved local host responses. Phenotypic parameters and local responses were evaluated in sheep from two ß-globin haplotypes naturally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Morada Nova lambs were monitored at 63, 84 and 105 days of age for faecal egg counts and packed cell volume (PCV) under natural infection with H. contortus. At 210 days of age, lambs of Hb-AA and Hb-BB ß-globin haplotypes were euthanised, and the fundic region of abomasum was sampled for evaluation of microscopic lesions and relative expression of genes related to immune, mucin and lectin activities. Lambs harbouring the ßA allele presented an improved resistance/resilience against clinical haemonchosis, showing higher PCV during infection. Hb-AA animals presented increased eosinophilia in the abomasum compared to Hb-BB animals, accompanied by higher Th2 profile, mucin and lectin activity transcripts, while the inflammatory response was increased in Hb-BB animals. This is the first report to demonstrate an enhanced local response in the primary site of H. contortus infection related to ßA allele of ß-globin haplotype.

Low Self-Esteem, High FOMO? The Other Side of the Internet Troll.

The present study aimed to observe the impact of self-esteem and FOMO on online trolling, investigating the mediating role of antisocial online content exposure. A total of 300 social media users (27.68 years, SD = 7.15, SE = .41) participated in the study. Data analysis showed statistically significant model-fit indices (CFI = .99, GFI = .98, TLI = .98, RMSEA = .02 | 90% CI .01-.03|, SRMR = .04) to the mediation model: both self-esteem (direct effects: λ = -0.17, p < .01, indirect effects: λ = -.06, p < .05) and FOMO (direct effects: λ = .19, p < .01, indirect effects: λ = .07, p < .01) were related to online trolling, both directly and indirectly, trough antisocial online content exposure. It is possible to conclude that the objective was achieved, highlighting the importance of both personal factors and contextual characteristics of the internet in the perpetuation of online aggression.

Imbalance of Peripheral Temperature, Sympathovagal, and Cytokine Profile in Long COVID.

A persistent state of inflammation has been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess short-term heart rate variability (HRV), peripheral body temperature, and serum cytokine levels in patients with long COVID. We evaluated 202 patients with long COVID symptoms categorized them according to the duration of their COVID symptoms (≤120 days, n = 81; >120 days, n = 121), in addition to 95 healthy individuals selected as controls. All HRV variables differed significantly between the control group and patients with long COVID in the ≤120 days group (p < 0.05), and participants in the long COVID ≤120 days group had higher temperatures than those in the long COVID >120 days group in all regions analysed (p < 0.05). Cytokine analysis showed higher levels of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interleukin 2 (IL-2), and lower levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) (p < 0.05). Our results suggest a reduction in parasympathetic activation during long COVID and an increase in body temperature due to possible endothelial damage caused by the maintenance of elevated levels of inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, high serum levels of IL-17 and IL-2 and low levels of IL-4 appear to constitute a long-term profile of COVID-19 cytokines, and these markers are potential targets for long COVID-treatment and prevention strategies.

Acaricides containing zein nanoparticles: A tool for a lower impact control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus.

Nanoformulations containing zein nanoparticles (ZN) can promote the stability and protection of molecules with acaricidal activity. The present study sought to develop nanoformulations with ZN associated with cypermethrin (CYPE) + chlorpyrifos (CHLO) + a plant compound (citral, menthol or limonene), characterize them, and verify their efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. Additionally, we aimed to assess its safety in nontarget nematodes found in soil at a site subjected to contamination by acaricides. The nanoformulations were characterized by dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Nanoformulations 1 (ZN+CYPE+CHLO+citral), 2 (ZN+CYPE+CHLO+menthol), and 3 (ZN+CYPE+CHLO+limonene) were measured for diameter, polydispersion, zeta potential, concentration, and encapsulation efficiency. Nanoformulations 1, 2, and 3 were evaluated in a range from 0.004 to 0.466 mg/mL on R. microplus larvae and caused mortality > 80% at concentrations above 0.029 mg/mL. The commercial acaricide Colosso® (CYPE 15 g + CHLO 25 g + citronellal 1 g) was evaluated also from 0.004 to 0.512 mg/mL and resulted in 71.9% larval mortality at 0.064 mg/mL. Formulations 1, 2, and 3 at 0.466 mg/mL showed acaricidal efficacy of 50.2%, 40.5%, and 60.1% on engorged females, respectively, while Colosso® at 0.512 mg/mL obtained only 39.4%. The nanoformulations exhibited long residual period of activity and lower toxicity to nontarget nematodes. ZN was able to protect the active compounds against degradation during the storage period. Thus, ZN can be an alternative for the development of new acaricidal formulations using lower concentrations of active compounds.

Polysaccharide Fraction from Campomanesia adamantium and Campomanesia pubescens Attenuates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucosal Inflammation in Mice.

Gastrointestinal toxicity, including diarrhea and inflammation, is commonly observed with the use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Several studies have shown that polysaccharides are interesting bioactive macromolecules for the treatment or prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, in this study, the effect of a polysaccharide fraction from a mixture of two Guavira species (Campomanesia adamantium and Campomanesia pubescens), referred to here as CPW, on the development of intestinal mucositis was investigated. Intestinal mucositis was induced by a single injection of 5-FU (450 mg/kg), and various doses of CPW (3-100 mg/kg) were tested. CPW attenuated disease development and prevented small bowel dysmotility and colon shortening. CPW prevented the increase in villi width, crypt depth, and mucosal thickness in the duodenum, but not in the colon. Preservation of mucus, reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and prevention of the 5-FU-induced enlargement and swelling of the spleen were observed. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time that CPW alleviates the intestinal damage induced by 5-FU and could be used as an adjuvant strategy during chemotherapy.

Interrelation ship among body max index, body composition,and biochemical profiles of overweight adolescents in south of Brazil: A cross-sectional study / Interrelación entre el índice corporal máximo, la composición corporal y los perfiles bioquímicos de adolescentes con sobrepeso en el sur de Brasil: un estudio transversal

Introduction: Obesity in adolescence is associated with severe health complications.Objective: To analyze possible associations among body mass index (BMI), body composition, and biochemical profiles of overweight or obese adolescents.Methods: The study was carried out between 2017 and 2020 and included 132 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. The following variables were analyzed: BMI, fat-free mass (FFM), body fat mass (BFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat percentage (%BF), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lean mass index (LMI), fat mass index (FMI), and fat-to-lean mass ratio (FMR), as well as total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (TGO). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS® version 20.0, considering p<0.05 as significant.Results: Higher values were identified for height, LBM, FFM, and SMM in the male group. On the other hand, higher values were identified for the %BF and FMI in the female group. The female, male, and general groups showed significant correlations between BMI and FMR (r = 0.69, 0.74, and 0.69, respectively), BMI and FFM (r = 0.44, 0.67, and 0.49, respectively), BMI and SMM (r = 0.44, 0.68, and 0.50, respectively), and BMI and %BF (r = 0.40, 0.54, and 0.47, respectively). In the general group, BMI and HDL levels were correlated (r = −0.18; p=0.04). The BFM and WHR showed a predictive effect for TC; WHR and %BF showed a predictive effect for LDL concentrations, and %BF had a predictive effect for TGO (p<0.05). Conclusions: It was possible to verify that BMI, body composition, and biochemical measures show an interrelationship between them, such as with a worsening of anthropometric and body composition indicators associated with worst biochemical parameters, e.g., lower HDL-c and higher TC, LDL-c, and TGO. Thus, public policies are indispensable for combating obesity and related comorbidities in the early phases of life.(AU)

Change in the motivation pattern of adolescents before and after participation in a multidisciplinary health promotion program

Introduction: there is evidence that multidisciplinary interventions are an efficient approach to achieving weight loss and other health-related goals. However, dropout rates of these programs are high among adolescents. The suggestion is that understanding the motivation of individuals to participate in these projects is fundamental to developing strategies for permanence and, consequently, promoting better results.Objective: the main aim of this study was to describe the motivations of overweight adolescents participating in a multidisciplinary health promotion project.Methods: this qualitative study was conducted from March to July 2021 using the Bardin content analysis technique. The tool used for data collection was the semi-structured interview, analyzed means by the software QSR NVivo 11 by grouping the speech into clusters. These, in turn, were evaluated in three categories: (1) motivation, (2) food, and (3) physical exercise.Results: the age of the participants was 13.8 ± 2.4 years old, with body mass index of 31.8 ± 8.5 kg/m². Regarding family income, 41.66% had a monthly payment of 3 to 6 minimum wages. Regarding parents' educational level, 70.83% of mothers had completed higher education, while 29.16% had completed high school. According to the respondent's answers, weight loss was the greatest motivation to participate in a multidisciplinary obesity treatment program. In category 2, it was observed that adolescents associated the act of eating with feelings such as anxiety and nervousness. In category 3, the impact of the pandemic was found under the modalities of physical exercise practiced.Conclusion: the results describe the motivation of overweight adolescents to participate in a multidisciplinary program, in addition to elucidating participants' perception of their health and related habits, strategies for health promotion, and consequent improvement of the quality of life of these individuals.

Motivations of overweight adolescents participating in a multidisciplinary health promotion program / Motivações de adolescentes acima do peso participantes de um programa multidisciplinar de promoção da saúde

Introduction: the perception of individuals about their own health is a strong indicator of their real state, as well as their behaviors related to the prognosis in case of presence of pathologies, besides being proportional to their motivations to acquire healthy habits. Objective: to describe the motivations of overweight adolescents when participating in a multidisciplinary health promotion program and their perceptions about habits related to physical and emotional well-being. Methods: this is a qualitative study, using the Bardin content analysis technique. The tool used for data collection was the semi-structured interview, analyzed with the help of the software QSR NVivo 11 through grouping of the speech into clusters. These in turn were evaluated in three categories: (1) motivation; (2) food; and (3) physical exercise. Results: the average age of the participants was 13.8 ± 2.4, with an average body mass index of 31.8 ± 8.5 kg/m². Regarding family income, 41.66% had monthly income of 3 to 6 minimum wages. Regarding the educational level of parents, 70.83% of mothers had completed higher education, while 29.16% had completed high school. According to the respondents' answers, the greatest motivation to participate in a multidisciplinary obesity treatment program was weight loss. In category 2, it was observed that adolescents associated the act of eating with feelings such as anxiety and nervousness. In category 3, the impact of the pandemic was found under the modalities of physical exercise practiced. Conclusion: the results prove the importance of understanding the perception of adolescents about their own health and related habits, in order to elaborate effective strategies for health promotion and consequent improvement of the quality of life of these individuals.

Introdução: a percepção dos indivíduos a respeito da própria saúde é um forte indicador do seu real estado, bem como dos seus comportamentos relativos ao prognóstico em caso de presença de patologias, além de ser proporcional às suas motivações para adquirir hábitos saudáveis. Objetivo: descrever as motivações de adolescentes acima do peso ao participarem de um programa multidisciplinar de promoção da saúde e suas percepções a respeito de hábitos relacionados ao bem estar físico e emocional. Métodos: trata-se de estudo de abordagem qualitativa, com emprego da técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A ferramenta utilizada para coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada, analisada com auxílio do software QSR NVivo 11 através de agrupamento das falas em clusters. Esses por sua vez foram avaliados em três categorias: (1) motivação; (2) alimentação; e (3) exercício físico. Resultados: a idade média dos participantes foi de 13,8 ± 2,4, com índice de massa corporal médio de 31,8 kg/m² ± 8,5. Em relação à renda familiar, 41,66% apresentaram renda mensal de 3 a 6 salários mínimos. No que tange à escolaridade dos responsáveis, 70,83% das mães possuíam o ensino superior completo, enquanto 29,16% possuíam ensino médio completo. De acordo com as respostas dos entrevistados a maior motivação para participarem de um programa multidisciplinar de tratamento da obesidade foi o emagrecimento. Já na categoria 2 observou-se que os adolescentes associaram o ato de comer com sentimentos como a ansiedade e o nervosismo. Na categoria 3, constatou-se o impacto da pandemia sob as modalidades de exercício físico praticados. Conclusão: os resultados comprovam a importância de entender a percepção dos adolescentes a respeito da própria saúde e hábitos relacionados, a fim de elaborar de estratégias efetivas para promoção da saúde e consequente, melhoria da qualidade de vida desses indivíduos.

Impacts of a Multi-Professional Family versus Isolated Intervention on Food Level Processing in Overweight Adolescents: A Randomized Trial.

The food consumption of adolescents has changed nowadays, with an increase in ultra-processed food that in general shows higher calories and lower nutrients. Because of this, the objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of a 12-week multi-professional family versus isolated intervention on the food level processing of overweight adolescents. A randomized clinical trial study was carried out in which adolescents (n = 43; mean aged 13.73 years) who were divided into FG-family group (n = 21; the adolescents performed the activities with their parents) and IG-isolated group (n = 22; the adolescents performed the activities alone). The parameters measured before and after 12 weeks of multi-professional intervention (physical exercise, nutrition and psychoeducation) were: body mass, height and body mass index-BMI. The level of food processing was analyzed using a three-day food recall (24hR), classified according to the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population (fresh, minimally, processed and ultra-processed foods). The main results show that there was only a significant reduction in the consumption of processed foods (FG: 7.93%; IG: 49.73%) and ultra-processed foods (FG: 35.06%; IG: 67.16%) in grams (FG: 22.29%; IG: 65.23%) and calories (p < 0.05; for all comparisons). The consumption of fresh foods in grams (FG:61.97%; IG: 147.13%) and calories (FG: 147.13%; IG: 118.03%) and minimally processed foods (FG: 27.45%; IG: 14.64%) in grams increased significantly (p < 0.05; for all comparisons). However, no significant differences were observed between all variables analyzed for the groups, nor any interaction (p > 0.05). In conclusion, both groups who participated in the activities showed positive changes with increased consumption of fresh foods and reduced consumption of processed foods, without difference between them.

Portable near-infrared spectroscopy: A rapid and accurate blood test for diagnosis of Haemonchus contortus infection and for targeted selective treatment of sheep.

Haemonchus contortus is the most prevalent and important gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) in small ruminants. Since it reduces the packed cell volume (PCV), causing anemia, early diagnosis can be used for targeted selective treatment (TST) of sheep, reducing antiparasitic drug use and anthelmintic resistance. This study aimed to predict PCV values through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and to develop a classification and diagnosis model of H. contortus infection using PCV values, eggs per gram of feces (EPG) counts and mean daily weight gain (DWG). A total of 1728 spectra were collected from blood samples of 216 lambs with a portable NIR spectroscope. In parallel, other parameters indicative of infection were measured: PCV by hematocrit, FAffa MAlan CHArt (FAMACHA) scores, EPG and DWG. To evaluate the relationship between NIRS spectra and the evaluated parameters, principal component analysis (PCA) was used for an exploratory analysis, regression by the partial least squares method (PLS) for the prediction of PCV values via NIRS, and PCA linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) as a classification model for diagnosis. The absorption peaks in the NIRS region associated with the excitation of overtones of nitrogen-hydrogen (N-H) functional groups of proteins had a strong impact on the principal components (PCs), indicating that blood proteins, especially hemoglobin, can be estimated by the NIRS technique. The model for predicting PCV by PLS presented a standard error of prediction of 2.53, root-mean-square error of 2.48, and coefficient of determination of 0.84, indicating good correlation between the PCV values predicted by the model and the PCV obtained by hematocrit. The PCA-LDA model presented 93.33% sensitivity and 82.18% accuracy, both higher than those of the FAMACHA method, as was expected for resilient Morada Nova lambs. The multivariate models associated with the NIRS technique reported here can be used in the future as a quick and versatile tool for H. contortus infection diagnosis and TST application in lambs.

Online Trolling: The Impact of Antisocial Online Content, Social Media Use, and Gender.

The present study aimed to observe the relationships between online trolling, exposure to antisocial online content, frequency of social media use, and gender, using the GAM as a theoretical framework. Four hundred twenty-nine Brazilian internet users (mean = 25.07 years; SD = 7.59; EP = 0.36), most of whom were women (71.8%), participated in the survey. Bivariate correlations indicated a positive relationship between online trolling, exposure to antisocial online content (r = 0.12; p < 0.01), Facebook use (r = 0.21; p < 0.01), Twitter Use (r = 0.12; p < 0.01), and gender (r = 0.15; p < 0.01). An explanatory model including these variables was tested, and obtained a significant model fit (GFI = 0.99; Comparative Fit-Index = 0.99; Tucker Lewis Index = 0.97; Root Mean Square Residual = 0.02; RMSEA = 0.02 | CI = 0 .01-0.07 |). Were also observed indirect effects for exposure to antisocial online content through Twitter use and Facebook use on trolling (λ = 0.03; CI = 0.01-0.05; p < 0.05). It is possible to conclude that the research objectives were fulfilled, emphasizing the role of situational variables in the understanding of online trolling.

Cyberstalking scale: development and relations with gender, FOMO and social media engagement.

Cyberstalking is a form of persecution that has proliferated with technology's evolution. The present research aimed to develop a cyberstalking measure and observe its relations with Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), social media engagement, and sociodemographic variables. To achieve these goals, two studies were performed. In the first study, 200 subjects (76.5% female, with a mean age of 21.6 years) answered the 15 items originally developed for the scale. These data went trough exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha to verify the reliability of the instrument. The results indicated the exclusion of five items, and after this removal, the scale was valid and reliable (α = 0.86). In the second study, which also had 200 subjects (65% female and an average age of 21.8 years), was realized confirmatory factor analysis (measuring the model fit), accompanied by correlations and mediation analysis. The analyzes demonstrated that the one-factor model was adequate (GFI = 0.98; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.02; SRMR = 0.06). Path analysis showed social media engagement as a significant mediator of FOMO and gender's impact on cyberstalking: Both had direct (FOMO: λ = 0.31; CI = 0.19-0.42; p < 0.01; Gender: λ = 0.12; CI = 0.02-0.22; p < 0.05) and indirect effects (FOMO: λ = 0.07; CI = 0.03-0.11; p < 0.01; Gender: λ = 0.04; CI = 0.01-0.07; p < 0.01).

Why do we share aggressive online content? Testing a short cycle model.

The present study aimed to observe the impacts of aggressive online content exposure and personality on aggressive content sharing, considering the mediating role of positive and negative affects. A total of 302 Brazilians, equally divided into two groups, participated in a social network simulation, being exposed to aggressive (experimental group) or neutral (control group) posts and choosing what they would like to share on this site (among aggressive or nonaggressive material). A factorial MANOVA showed a significant difference for positive and negative affects and aggressive content sharing (Wilks' Λ = 0.936; F[3, 298] = 6.812; p = .001; η2 = 0.064). Through structural equation modeling, an explanatory model was also tested, in which this behavior was directly predicted by aggressive online content exposure and suffered indirect effects from openness, conscientiousness, and extroversion, mediated by positive affects (goodness-of-fit index = 0.997, comparative fit-index = 0.998, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.996, SRMR = 0.028, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.035, CI = 0.003-0.054). It is possible to conclude that the objectives are met, highlighting the contribution to understanding aggressive online behavior through the proximal processes described in the general aggression model.

Self-deprecation: Searching for a Measure / Autodesprecio: en busca de una medida

Abstract Introduction: Self-depreciation is a construct rarely studied by psychology, usually considered just a facet opposite to self-esteem. However, the literature presents its relationship with mental health and well-being, indicating the relevance of further investigations. Objective: The present research aimed to develop a measure for self-deprecation. Method: Were conducted two studies, both with 200 brazilian participants (M = 21,73; SD = 5,87). In addition to the developed instrument, the second study used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Single-Item Self-Esteem Scale, the Single-Item Narcissism Scale and the Aggression Questionnaire. Results: Initially, exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed on the instrument, which indicated a single factor organization, explaining 35 % of the variance and obtaining the reliability of ω = 0,89. The second study sought to carry out confirmatory analysis, calibration analysis, and correlations between self-deprecation, self-esteem, narcissism, and aggression. The scale had a good fit index of adjustment (CFI = 0,97; TLI = 0,97; RMSEA = 0,04; and SRMR = 0,05). There was a negative correlation between self-esteem (r =-0,75) and self-deprecation, as well as a positive one with all aggression factors. Conclusions: The Self-Deprecation Scale showed evidence of factor validity and reliability. Despite this, the limitations of the study are highlighted, especially the use of convenience sampling. It is concluded that the objectives were met.

Resumen Introducción: El autodesprecio es un constructo raramente estudiado por la psicología, generalmente considerado solo una faceta opuesta a la autoestima. Sin embargo, la literatura presenta su relación con la salud mental y el bienestar, lo que indica la relevancia de futuras investigaciones. Objetivo: La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo desarrollar una medida de autodesprecio. Método: Se realizaron dos estudios, ambos con 200 participantes brasileños (M = 21,73; DE = 5,87). Además del instrumento desarrollado, el segundo estudio utilizó la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, la Escala de Autoestima de Ítem Único, la Escala de Narcisismo de Ítem Único y el Cuestionario de Agresión. Resultados: Inicialmente, se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y un análisis de confiabilidad en el instrumento, que indicó una organización factorial única, explicando el 35 % de la varianza y obteniendo la confiabilidad de ω = 0,89. El segundo estudio buscó realizar análisis confirmatorios, análisis de calibración y correlaciones entre autodesprecio, autoestima, narcisismo y agresión. La escala presentó un buen índice de ajuste de ajuste (CFI = 0,97; TLI = 0,97; RMSEA = 0,04; y SRMR = 0,05). Hubo una correlación negativa entre la autoestima (r = -0,75) y la autodesprecio, así como positiva con todos los factores de agresión. Conclusiones: la Escala de Autodesprecio mostró evidencia de validez y confiabilidad factorial. A pesar de ello, se destacan las limitaciones del estudio, en especial el uso del muestreo por conveniencia. Se concluye que se cumplieron los objetivos.

Disruption of multiple copies of the Prostaglandin F2alpha synthase gene affects oxidative stress response and infectivity in Trypanosoma cruzi.

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a serious chronic parasitic disease, currently treated with Nifurtimox (NFX) and Benznidazole (BZ). In addition to high toxicity, these drugs have low healing efficacy, especially in the chronic phase of the disease. The existence of drug-resistant T. cruzi strains and the occurrence of cross-resistance between BZ and NFX have also been described. In this context, it is urgent to study the metabolism of these drugs in T. cruzi, to better understand the mechanisms of resistance. Prostaglandin F2α synthase (PGFS) is an enzyme that has been correlated with parasite resistance to BZ, but the mechanism by which resistance occurs is still unclear. Our results show that the genome of the CL Brener clone of T. cruzi, contains five PGFS sequences and three potential pseudogenes. Using CRISPR/Cas9 we generated knockout cell lines in which all PGFS sequences were disrupted, as shown by PCR and western blotting analyses. The PGFS deletion did not alter the growth of the parasites or their susceptibility to BZ and NFX when compared to wild-type (WT) parasites. Interestingly, NTR-1 transcripts were shown to be upregulated in ΔPGFS mutants. Furthermore, the ΔPGFS parasites were 1.6 to 1.7-fold less tolerant to oxidative stress generated by menadione, presented lower levels of lipid bodies than the control parasites during the stationary phase, and were less infective than control parasites.