ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The use of insecticidal plants seems to be a promising method for insect control, however there are few studies in relation to their effect on Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer). The present study was carried out to evaluate the insecticidal activity of plant extracts for the alternative control of this insect in poultry houses. Tests were made using ethanolic (E), dichlorometanic (D), hexanic (H) and aqueous (A) extracts from Annona muricata, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Eucalyptus grandis, Melia azedarach, Ocimum basilicum, Ruta graveolens andTagetes erecta, and a commercial oil from Azadirachta indica (Dalneem®). Extracts and oil were diluted at 10% and sprayed on the insects, kept in Petri dishes, and the control consisted of distilled water. The most effective treatments were: A. indica commercial oil (97.5%), extracts from R. graveolens (E) (61.3%), C. ambrosioides (H) (32.5%) and leaf extracts from M. azedarach (E and D) (both 26.3%). The direct application of the neem oil on the insect was also tested in comparison to its application on the surface with which the insect would be in contact;in this case the efficiency was higher when sprayed on the insects (100%) in relation to the contact with treated surface (40.9%). Comparing different concentrations of the neem oil sprayed on the insects, a direct relation between insecticidal activity and concentration was observed, although no effect was observed at the lowest concentration (0.1%). However, the neem oil did not present activity on the insects when applied in the poultry litter.
RESUMO A utilização de plantas inseticidas tem se mostrado uma ferramenta promissora para controle de insetos, contudo ainda há muito pouco no que diz respeito ao efeito sobre Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer). Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a atividade inseticida de extratos vegetais visando o controle desse inseto em aviários. Foram testados extratos etanólicos (E), diclorometânicos (D), hexânicos (H) e aquosos (A) de Annonamuricata, Chenopodiumambrosioides, Eucalyptus grandis, Melia azedarach, Ocimum basilicum, Ruta graveolens e Tagetes erecta, e um óleo comercial à base de nim, Azadirachta indica (Dalneem®). Os extratos e o óleo foram diluídos na concentração de 10% e pulverizados sobre os insetos, mantidos em placas de Petri. O controle recebeu aplicação de água destilada. Os tratamentos mais eficientes foram óleo comercial de A. indica (97,5%), extrato de R. graveolens (E) (61,3%), C. ambrosioides (H) (32,5%) e de folhas de M. azedarach (E e D) (ambos 26,3%). Comparou-se também a aplicação direta do óleo sobre o inseto e aplicação na superfície com a qual o inseto ficaria em contato, sendo maior a eficiência quando pulverizado sobre os insetos (100%) em relação ao contato com superfície tratada (40,9%). Comparando-se diferentes concentrações do óleo pulverizado nos insetos, observou-se relação direta entre atividade inseticida e concentração utilizada, não havendo efeito apenas na menor concentração (0,1%). Contudo, o óleo não apresentou atividade sobre os insetos quando aplicado na cama do aviário.
ABSTRACT
The results of treatment for 80 patients with lumbar disc disease who undergone microdiscectomy were reviewed. Low rate of post-operative complications, short hospital stay and early return of the patients to their normal activities were observed