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1.
Chemosphere ; 214: 764-770, 2019 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30296764

ABSTRACT

The protozoan Giardia duodenalis is one of the parasites of primary concern in drinking water treatment plants, due to its resistance to chlorination. Another matter of concern regarding chlorination of drinking water is the formation of disinfection by-products in the presence of precursors such as natural organic matter (NOM). In this study, the effects of ozonation (5 mg L-1) on G. duodenalis cysts in raw surface water from a drinking water treatment plant were evaluated, and the presence and alteration of NOM were assessed, as an indicative of the potential to prevent total organic halogen (TOX) formation during post-chlorination. Following ozone treatment, the presence of damaged cysts was observed by direct immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and confirmed by the molecular approach propidium monoazide-polymerase chain reaction (PMA-PCR). Using an animal model, analysis of the intestinal tissues revealed that 80% of the animals inoculated with ozonated water were positive for trophozoites. This study shows that analysis of intestinal fragments is imperative to accurately assess animal infection following inoculation of treated cysts. More importantly, considering the low infective dose of Giardia cysts in susceptible hosts, an ozone dosage usually applied in drinking water treatment plants did not completely inactivate G. duodenalis cysts in surface water. Nonetheless, the results suggest that competitive reactions with NOM have occurred, and the applied ozone dosage has proven useful to remove NOM reactivity, and thus prevent halogenated DBP formation during post-chlorination.


Subject(s)
Cysts/pathology , Disinfection/methods , Drinking Water/chemistry , Giardia lamblia/pathogenicity , Ozone/chemistry , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Water Purification/methods , Animals , Drinking Water/analysis , Ozone/analysis
2.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 16(2): 115-120, abr.-jun. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-591285

ABSTRACT

Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a eficiência dos métodos centrífugo-concentração e filtração em membrana, na detecção de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. e cistos de Giardia spp. em amostras de esgoto bruto e tratado, provenientes de um sistema de lodos ativados (estação de tratamento de esgoto, Samambaia, Campinas, em São Paulo). As amostras foram coletadas quinzenalmente por dois anos: 53 amostras de esgoto bruto (AFL), 53 de efluente tratado sem desinfecção por luz ultravioleta (EFL) e 38 de efluente tratado e desinfetado por luz ultravioleta (EFL+UV). Cistos de Giardia spp. foram encontrados em 90,5 por cento das amostras AFL; em 96,2 por cento, de EFL; e em 94,7 por cento, de EFL+UV. Oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. foram detectados em 6,4 por cento das amostras AFL e em 2,6 por cento de EFL+UV. Ambos os métodos mostraram-se eficientes na detecção destes protozoários em todos os tipos de amostras, além de apresentarem baixo custo por análise.


In this study, the efficiency of centrifuge-concentration and membrane filtrated methods was evaluated in the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts in raw or treated wastewater samples, from activated sludge systems (ETE - Samambaia, Campinas, in São Paulo). The samples were collected once a fortnight for two years: 53 samples of influent (AFL), 53 samples of treated effluent without ultraviolet disinfection (EFL), and 38 samples of treated effluent with ultraviolet disinfection (EFL+UV). Giardia spp. cysts were found in 90.5 percent of the AFL samples; in 96.2 percent of the samples, EFL; and in 94.7 percent, EFL+UV. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected in 6.4 percent of AFL samples and 2.6 percent of EFL+UV. Both methods showed efficiency when detecting protozoa in all types of samples, besides having low costs by analysis.

3.
Rev. saúde pública ; 31(3): 221-6, jun. 1997. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-198702

ABSTRACT

Copépodos ciclopídeos säo conhecidos como bons controladores de mosquitos, especialmente quando considerado as larvas dos vetores da dengue Aedes aegypti e Ae. Albopictus. Onze corpos d'água em CAmpinas, SP, Brasil, foram avaliados para copépodos coletando-se 1,5 l de água de cada um deles. O potencial predador dos copépodos adultos foi avaliado por 24 h, em laboratório, em grupos de 5 indivíduos predadando sobre 30 larvas de 1§ estádio de Ae. albopictus. No presente levantamento, as seguintes espécies de ciclopídeos foram encontradas: Metacyclops mendocinus, Tropocyclops prasinus, Eucyclops sp, Eucyclops serrulatus, Eucyclops solitarius, Eucyclops ensifer, Macrocyclops albidus var. albidus e Mesocyclops longisetus var. longisetus. O potencial predador desses copépodos variou de zero a 97,3 por cento. A amostra coletada no campo contendo apenas com M. longisetus var. longisetus mostrou a melhor eficiência de controle, sem diferença significativa de uma cultura de laboratório (ML-01) criada por 3 anos, desta mesma espécie, que foi avaliada para comparaçäo. A amostra com poucos M. albidus var. albidus foi cotada em segundo melhor lugar, apresentando em média 25,9 por cento de eficiência. O uso de copépodos em pneus armadilha como controladores dos vetores da dengue é discutido


Subject(s)
Animals , Aedes , Crustacea , Pest Control, Biological , Swimming Pools , Mosquito Control , Dengue/prevention & control , Larva , Predatory Behavior , Water Reservoirs
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