Optimization of enhanced oil recovery using ASP solution.

Many studies have been conducted to focused on developing an optimal alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) composition to increase the recovered fraction of oil in reservoirs that have already undergone water injection. To analyze the effect of alkali (Na2CO3), surfactant (lauryl sodium sulfate), and polymer (commercial xanthan gum) concentration on oil recovery, a complete factorial experimental design was performed with combinations of three variables (alkali, surfactant, and polymer) and three central point replications (2³ + 3). The experiments were carried out on a core holder using rock samples from the Botucatu formation. The simulated oil reservoirs have an average permeability of 348 mD and a temperature of 60 °C. The crude oil was acquired from the Carmópolis field, with 25.72 °API. Synthetic production water containing 40,000 mg L-1 of NaCl and 13,000 mg L-1 of Na2SO4 was injected through an HPLC pump to saturate the rock samples and to recover the oil in the secondary step. From the experimental results, it was verified that the surfactant and polymer concentrations are the most statistically significant independent variables and that first-order interactions are not statistically significant for the process. The oil recovery factors in the secondary stage ranged between 30 and 36 % of the OOIP, which are within the range reported in the literature. The optimal composition of the ASP fluid obtained a recovered fraction of oil of 62 % in the advanced step. Other combinations reported in the literature used higher concentrations of alkali, surfactant, and polymer with lower recoveries and higher cost in the injection design. Thus, the present study highlights the necessity to investigate the performance of each component of the ASP solution. In addition, the results obtained in this study are very attractive for possible full-scale applications.

Review of the application of surfactants in microemulsion systems for remediation of petroleum contaminated soil and sediments.

Microemulsions are important for soil and sediment remediation technology. The characteristics of the surfactants that make up these microemulsions include low sorption into soil or sediments, low surface and interfacial tension, the ability to penetrate tiny pores, and good solubilization of contaminants. This review revealed that microemulsions formulated with nonionic and anionic surfactants have higher recovery efficiencies for hydrophobic contaminants than cationic ones, as evidenced by the surveyed studies reporting effective remediation of soils and sediments using on microemulsions. These microemulsified systems have been found to remove petroleum and its derivatives from soil or sediments at percentages ranging from 40 to 100%. As such, this review can aid with the choice of surfactants used in microemulsions for remediation, such as those with plant-based components, which are promising solutions for the remediation of contaminated soils due to their contaminant extraction efficiency and biodegradability.

Modeling of Brazilian Carbon Dioxide Emissions: a Review

Abstract: Brazil is a signatory to the Paris Agreement and aims to reduce 43% of CO2 emissions by 2030, compared to 2005. However, changes in energy policies are needed to achieve this goal, evaluating the produced effects on emissions. One way to predict these effects is through mathematical modeling. In this paper, we carried out a literature review to identify the most used model types and independent variables to forecasting Brazilian CO2 emissions. The review showed that gray models and artificial neural networks are the most used ones. Furthermore, we also identified that economic growth and energy consumption are the main independent variables.

Energy Self-Sufficiency Conditions of Ethanol Autothermal Reforming: a Simulation Study

Abstract Natural gas steam reforming is commonly used for hydrogen production. However, research has shown that ethanol autothermal reforming can produce cleaner hydrogen gas efficiently. Despite this, there is a lack of studies on the energy self-sufficiency conditions of the ethanol autothermal reform. In this paper, we use simulations and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for the multivariate analysis of the energy self-sufficiency conditions in this process. First, we constructed and validated an industrial flowchart. After that, RSM allowed us to assess the process variables effects. The process variables studied were temperature (0 to 1000 ºC), pressure (20 to 30 bar), steam/ethanol ratio (2 to 5 mol/mol) and O2/ethanol ratio (0 to 1.5 mol/mol). We observe that the temperature and steam/ethanol ratio increase have a positive effect on hydrogen production. On the contrary, the O2/ethanol ratio increase has a negative effect, and the pressure increase is not statistically significant on hydrogen production. Therefore, the pressure was used at its minimum level (20 bar) while the temperature and the steam/ethanol ratio at its maximum levels (1000 ºC and 5 mol/mol). We also evaluated the energy consumption for the Autothermal Reactor (ATR). The reactor consumed 477.92 kJ/mol ethanol to produce 5.12 mol H2/mol ethanol when we use 1000 ºC, 20 bar, steam/ethanol 5 mol/mol, and O2/ethanol 0 mol/mol. ATR's energy self-sufficiency is achieved by using 1000 ºC, 20 bar, steam/ethanol 5 mol/mol, and O2/ethanol 0.86 mol/mol. In these conditions, 3.95 mol H2/mol ethanol is produced with 0 kJ/mol ethanol.

Influences on the Functional Behavior of Great Arteries during Orthostasis / Gravidade Influencia o Comportamento Funcional das Grandes Artérias Durante a Ortostase

Abstract Background: Arterial compliance reduction has been associated with aging and hypertension in supine position. However, the dynamic effects of orthostatism on aortic distensibility has not been defined. Objective: We sought to determine the orthostatic influence and the interference of age, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) on the great arteries during gravitational stress. Methods: Ninety-three healthy volunteers (age 42 ± 16 years). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) assumed as aortic stiffness was assessed in supine position (basal phase), during tilt test (TT) (orthostatic phase) and after return to supine position (recovery phase). Simultaneously with PWV acquisition, measures of BP and HR rate were recorded. Results: PWV during TT increased significantly compared to the basal and recovery phases (11.7 ± 2.5 m/s vs. 10.1 ± 2.3 m/s and 9.5 ± 2.0 m/s). Systolic BP (r = 0.55, r = 0.46 and r = 0.39) and age (r = 0.59, r = 0.63 and r = 0.39) correlated with PWV in all phases. The significance level for all tests was established as α = 0.05. Conclusion: We conclude that there is a permanent increase in PWV during orthostatic position that was returned to basal level at the recovery phase. This dynamic pattern of PWV response, during postural changes, can be explained by an increase in hydrostatic pressure at the level of abdominal aorta which with smaller radius and an increased elastic modulus, propagates the pulse in a faster way. Considering that it could increase central pulse reflection during the orthostatic position, we speculate that this mechanism may play a role in the overall adaptation of humans to gravitational stress.

Resumo Fundamento: A redução da complacência arterial tem sido associada ao envelhecimento e à hipertensão na postura supina. Entretanto, os efeitos dinâmicos do ortostatismo na distensibilidade aórtica não foram definidos. Objetivo: Determinar a influência ortostática e a interferência da idade, pressão arterial (PA) e frequência cardíaca (FC) sobre as grandes artérias durante o estresse gravitacional. Métodos: Noventa e três voluntários saudáveis (idade de 42 ± 16 anos). A velocidade da onda de pulso carotídeo-femoral (VOP), assumida como rigidez aórtica, foi avaliada na posição supina (fase basal) durante o teste de inclinação (TT) (fase ortostática) e após o retorno à posição supina (fase de recuperação). Simultaneamente à aquisição da PWV, registrou-se as medidas de PA e FC. Resultados: A VOP durante o TT aumentou significativamente em comparação com as fases basal e de recuperação (11,7 ± 2,5 m/s vs. 10,1 ± 2,3 m/se 9,5 ± 2,0 m/s). PA sistólica (r = 0,55, r = 0,46 e r = 0,39) e idade (r = 0,59, r = 0,63 e r = 0,39) correlacionaram-se com a VOP em todas as fases. O nível de significância para todos os testes foi estabelecido como = 0,05. Conclusão: Observou-se um aumento permanente da VOP durante a postura ortostática, que retornou ao nível basal na fase de recuperação. Esse padrão dinâmico de resposta da VOP, durante as alterações posturais, pode ser explicado pelo aumento da pressão hidrostática no nível da aorta abdominal que, com raio menor e aumento do módulo de elasticidade, propaga o pulso de maneira mais rápida. Considerando-se que poderia aumentar a reflexão do pulso central durante a posição ortostática, podemos especular que esse mecanismo pode desempenhar um papel na adaptação global do humano ao estresse gravitacional.

Influences on the Functional Behavior of Great Arteries during Orthostasis.

BACKGROUND: Arterial compliance reduction has been associated with aging and hypertension in supine position. However, the dynamic effects of orthostatism on aortic distensibility has not been defined. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the orthostatic influence and the interference of age, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) on the great arteries during gravitational stress. METHODS: Ninety-three healthy volunteers (age 42 ± 16 years). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) assumed as aortic stiffness was assessed in supine position (basal phase), during tilt test (TT) (orthostatic phase) and after return to supine position (recovery phase). Simultaneously with PWV acquisition, measures of BP and HR rate were recorded. RESULTS: PWV during TT increased significantly compared to the basal and recovery phases (11.7 ± 2.5 m/s vs. 10.1 ± 2.3 m/s and 9.5 ± 2.0 m/s). Systolic BP (r = 0.55, r = 0.46 and r = 0.39) and age (r = 0.59, r = 0.63 and r = 0.39) correlated with PWV in all phases. The significance level for all tests was established as α = 0.05. CONCLUSION: We conclude that there is a permanent increase in PWV during orthostatic position that was returned to basal level at the recovery phase. This dynamic pattern of PWV response, during postural changes, can be explained by an increase in hydrostatic pressure at the level of abdominal aorta which with smaller radius and an increased elastic modulus, propagates the pulse in a faster way. Considering that it could increase central pulse reflection during the orthostatic position, we speculate that this mechanism may play a role in the overall adaptation of humans to gravitational stress.

Os movimentos sociais para apropriação e consolidação do espaço de lazer e cultura "Zumbi dos Palmares" localizado em Teresina-PI / The social movements for the appropriation and consolidation of the leisure and culture space "Zumbi dos Palmares" located in Teresina-PI

Analisamos o processo de apropriação e consolidação do espaço de lazer e cultura "Zumbi dos Palmares", localizado em Teresina, capital do estado do Piauí. Destacamos e analisamos conflitos, lutas e movimentos realizados com o intuito de se apropriar deste espaço, antes de natureza escolar, hoje destinado a atividades de lazer, particularmente de diversas manifestações da cultura negra (coral em yorubá, oficinas de capoeira, percussão, dança, festas temáticas, cinema, biblioteca, exposições, etc). Atualmente a apropriação e consolidação deste espaço exerce um importante papel na difusão e valorização desta cultura no Piauí. A pesquisa foi realizada sob uma perspectiva qualitativa descritiva, tendo sido utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada como principal técnica de coleta de dados.

We analyse the appropriation and consolidation process of the leisure and cultural place called 'Zumbi dos Palmares' located in Teresina, capital of the State of Piaui. We pointed out and analyse some conflicts, struggles and movements which were made in order to appropriate this place, which it was once a school environment, nowadays it is a place intended for leisure activities, specially several manifestations of the black culture (Choir in Yorubá, Capoeira workshops, percussion, dancing, theme parties, cinema, library, expositions and so on). Nowadays the appropriation and consolidation of the place has an important role in spreading and valuating such culture in Piaui. This research was carried out from a qualitative and descriptive perspective, and made use of a semi structured interview as the main technique of data collecting.

IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE NO ESTADO DA BAHIA: ÊNFASE NA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA / IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL POLICY OF HEALTH PROMOTION IN THE STATE OF BAHIA: EMPHASIS ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY / LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE PROMOCIÓN DE LA SALUD EN EL ESTADO DE BAHIA: ÉNFASIS EN LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA

Em 2005 iniciou-se processo de incentivo financeiro para a implementação de ações de promoção da saúde, especialmente a promoção da atividade física. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a implementação da Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde nos municípios do estado da Bahia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de ordem teórico-empírica. Realizaram-se pesquisas bibliográfica, eletrônica, documental e de campo. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se que as atividades mais frequentes são as caminhadas e ações de educação em saúde; as campanhas de divulgação são pouco utilizadas; o público-alvo geralmente é formado pelos grupos de risco. As dificuldades para implantação e manutenção das ações incluem a falta de espaço físico adequado, carência e pouca qualificação dos profissionais, baixa qualidade do gerenciamento dos recursos financeiros, falta de apoio do gestor e fragilidade na adesão do público. Concluiu-se que, para o sucesso da política, são necessários articulação intersetorial, qualificação profissional, divulgação e monitoramento das ações.

In 2005, began the processes of financial incentive for the implementation of health promotion actions, especially physical activity promotion. The objective of this study is to analyze the implementation of the National Policy of Health Promotion in the municipalities of the State of Bahia. This is an exploratory research, of theoretical-empirical order. Bibliographic, electronic, documentary and field research were carried out. Among the results, it is noteworthy that the most frequent activities are hiking and health education activities; divulgation campaigns are scarcely used; the target audience is generally the risk group. The difficulties for implementation and maintenance of actions include the lack of adequate physical space; shortage and low qualification of professionals; the low quality of financial resources management; the lack of manager's support and the fragility of public adhesion. In conclusion, for the success of the policy, intersectoral articulation, professional qualification, divulgation and monitoring of actions are necessary.

En 2005, empezó el proceso de incentivos financieros para la implementación de las actividades de promoción de la salud, especialmente la promoción de la actividad física. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la implementación de la Política Nacional de Promoción de la Salud en los municipios del estado de Bahía. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, teórica y empírica. Realizaronse investigaciones bibliográfica, electrónica, documental y de campo. Entre los resultados, llama la atención que las actividades más frecuentes son caminatas y las actividades de educación para la salud; campañas de divulgación son poco utilizadas; el público objetivo, por lo general, son los grupos riesgos. Las dificultades para la implementación y mantenimiento de acciones incluyen la falta de un espacio adecuado; la escasez y la mala formación de los profesionales; la baja calidad de la gestión de los recursos financieros; la falta de apoyo del gerente y la debilidad en la adhesión del público. Para el éxito de la política son necesarios coordinación interinstitucional, formación profesional, divulgación y monitorización de las acciones.

Comportamento e avaliação de metais potencialmente tóxicos (Cu (II), Cr (III), Pb(II) e Fe(III)) em águas superficiais dos Riachos Capivara e Bacuri Imperatriz-MA, Brasil / Behavior and evaluation of potentially toxic metals (Cu(II), Cr(III), Pb(II) and Fe(III)) in surface waters of streams Capivara and streams Bacuri Imperatriz-MA, Brazil

RESUMOEsta pesquisa avaliou a dinâmica e a distribuição dos metais Cu (II), Cr (III), Pb (II) e Fe (III), em amostras de água superficiais no Riacho Capivara e Riacho Bacuri na cidade de Imperatriz, Maranhão. As amostras de água foram coletadas em 2 pontos de amostragem à montante e jusante da cidade de Imperatriz para avaliar a influência da urbanização. Foram analisados os metais potencialmente tóxicos Cu (II), Cr (III), Pb (II) e Fe (III) e os seguintes parâmetros físicos e químicos: pH, sólidos totais dissolvidos, turbidez, e condutividade elétrica. As determinações dos metais foram feitas por meio de espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama (FAAS). As variações observadas para os parâmetros físico-químicos (pH, Condutividade Sólidos Totais Dissolvidos e Turbidez) indicam alterações na qualidade da água em virtude de ações antrópicas. Foi observada a presença sistemática de todos os metais investigados durante todo o período amostrado. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que Cu (II), Cr (III), Pb (II) e Fe (III) encontram-se preferencialmente associados a material particulado em suspensão (MPS). As variações observadas para os parâmetros físico-químicos e nas concentrações dos metais investigados indicam haver contribuição de caráter antropogênico associada à litologia da região, o que juntamente com a sazonalidade e fontes difusas e pontuais, contribuem, para a deterioração das águas superficiais desses corpos hídricos.

ABSTRACTThis research evaluated the dynamics and distribution of Cu (II), Cr (III), Pb (II) and Fe (III) in samples of surface water in the streams Capivara and streams Bacuri in Imperatriz city, Maranhão state, Brazil. There were two water sampling points upstream and downstream of the city of Imperatriz to evaluate the influence of urbanization. Were analyzed the potentially toxic metals (Cu (II), Cr (III), Pb(II) and Fe(III)) and the following physical and chemical parameters: pH, total dissolved solids, turbidity and electrical conductivity. Measurements of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Fe(III) were made by means of atomic absorption spectrometry in the flame (FAAS). The variations observed for the physical and chemical parameters (pH, Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids Turbidity) indicate changes in water quality due to human actions. We observed the systematic presence of all metals investigated over the sampling points. The results showed that Cu (II), Cr (III), Pb (II) and Fe (III) are preferentially associated with suspended particulate matter (SPM). The variations observed for the physical and chemical parameters and concentrations of the metals investigated indicate a contribution of anthropogenic character associated with the lithology region, which along with the seasonality and diffuse and point source contribute to the deterioration of surface water body of water.

Computed tomographically guided injection of cyanoacrylate in association with preoperative radioguided occult lesion localization of ground-glass opacities.

Intraoperative localization of a ground-glass opacity (GGO) is difficult because it is not easy to palpate and may be invisible at radioscopy. Therefore various techniques have been developed to improve intraoperative localization of these lesions, allowing adequate surgical resection. We report 2 cases of preoperative localization of GGOs through computed tomographically guided injection of cyanoacrylate in association with radioguided occult lesion localization (ROLL).

Avaliação das manifestações orais em crianças e adolescentes internos em um hospital submetidos à terapia antineoplásica / Oral manifestations in hospitalized children and adolescents subjected to antineoplastic therapy

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência das alterações bucais decorrentes do tratamento antineoplásico e sua correlação com o hemograma em crianças e adolescentes internos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em um hospital em Maceió-AL. Método: Estudo transversal realizado na enfermaria da Oncologia Pediátrica de um hospital em Maceió-AL, com uma amostra de 40 pacientes oncológicos em terapia antineoplásica, com idade entre 1 e 17 anos, de ambos os gêneros, atendidos no período de fevereiro à setembro de 2011. Foi preenchido um prontuário com dados referentes à história médica, a doença atual, odontológica e nutricional, hábitos de higiene oral, hemogramas realizados, incluindo hematócritos, hemoglobina, plaquetas e leucócitos, bem como exame extra e intra-oral uma ou mais vezes. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva e utilizado o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Houve maior prevalência no gênero masculino (57,5%) e dos tumores sólidos (45%). Em 80% houve alguma alteração oral, com predominância de petéquias (40%), seguida de mucosite (35,5%), boca seca (17,5%), úlcera (15%), sangramento gengival (15%), candidíase (10%), gengivite ulcerativa necrosante (10%) e palidez da mucosa (5%). Houve 15% dos internamentos por alterações orais. Houve relação positiva entre plaquetas e leucócitos e a presença de petéquias (p<0,05). Para sangramento gengival houve relação positiva entre todas as variáveis do hemograma (p<0,05). Para pacientes com mucosite grau III e IV houve relação positiva entre leucócitos e plaquetas. Houve diferença significativa entre as distribuições de idade dos pacientes com gengivite ulcerativa necrosante (GUN) e sem GUN (p<0,05). Conclusão: Houve alta ocorrência de alterações orais, significância para as variáveis do exame hematológico analisadas e a ocorrência de complicações orais e ocorrência de GUN nos adolescentes da pesquisa...

Objective: To identify the prevalence of oral manifestations subsequentto antineoplastic therapy and its correlation with complete blood countin children and adolescents admitted in a public hospital in the city ofMaceió, AL, Brazil.Method: This cross-sectional study was undertaken in the PediatricOncology outpatient service of a hospital located in Maceió, AL, Brazil.Forty male and female 1-17-year-old oncologic patients subjected toantineoplastic therapy between February and September 2011 wereenrolled. A clinical chart was filled out containing data on the medicalhistory, the current disease, dental and nutritional history, oral hygienehabits, results of complete blood counts, including hematocrit,hemoglobin, platelet and leukocyte counts, as well as extra- andintraoral examination performed once or more times. Descriptivestatistical analysis was performed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of 5%.Results: There was prevalence of males (57.5%) and solid tumors (45%).Eighty percent of the patients presented some type of oral alterationwith predominance of petechiae (40%), followed by mucositis (35.5%),dry mouth (17.5%), ulcers (15%), gingival bleeding (15%), candidiasis(10%), necrotizing ulcer gingivitis (NUG) (10%) and pale mucosa (5%).In 15% of the cases, oral alterations resulted in hospitalizations. Therewas positive correlation between platelet and leukocyte counts and thepresence of petechiae (p<0.05). Gingival bleeding had positivecorrelation with all complete blood count variables. Patients with gradeIII and IV mucositis presented positive correlation between leukocytesand platelets. There was a statistically significant difference betweenthe age distribution of patients with or without NUG (p<0.05).Conclusion: There was high incidence of oral alterations, significancebetween the hematological exam variables and occurrence oralcomplications and NUG in the adolescents in this study...

Sistema Gerenciador de Ambiente Laboratorial: relato de experiência de uma ferramenta transformadora para a gestão laboratorial e vigilância em saúde / Laboratory Environment Management System: account of an experience with a transformational tool for laboratory management and health surveillance

Objetivo: apresentar o relato da experiência de implantação do sistema Gerenciador de Ambiente Laboratorial (GAL) como ferramenta de monitoramento e controle de exames laboratoriais, essencial à gestão e ao acompanhamento dos programas de saúde pública brasileira. Métodos: o GAL foi proposto como ferramenta de monitoramento e controle de exames laboratoriais, essencial à gestão e ao acompanhamento dos programas de saúde pública brasileira. O relato foi elaborado a partir de pesquisa documental. Resultados: o GAL tem favorecido a comunicação da informação, fornecendo subsídios para a melhoria na divulgação dos resultados dos ensaios e exames diagnósticos e planos estratégicos na área de saúde. Conclusão: após a implantação do GAL, houve uma melhora substancial na forma de gestão da informação adotada pelos laboratórios de saúde pública.

Objective: to present a report on the experience of implanting the Laboratory Environment Management (GAL) system as a tool for monitoring and controlling laboratory tests. Methods: GAL has been proposed as a tool for monitoring and controlling laboratory tests, vital to the management and monitoring of public health programs in Brazil. The report was compiled from documentary research. Results: GAL has favoured the communication of information, providing input for improving the dissemination of assay and diagnostic test results as well as strategic plans for health. Conclusion: following GAL’s implantation, there has been a substantial improvement in information management by public health laboratories.

A paródia: uma estratégia educativa paraconhecimentos relacionados à saúde / Parody: an educative strategy to health-related knowledge

Esse estudo qualitativo teve por objetivo, analisar como a música, em especial a paródia, pode contribuir como processo educativo para tratar os conteúdos conceituais de Educação Física e Saúde. Ao longo da história da Educação Física Escolar, os conteúdos ligados à prática e realização dos movimentos, ou seja, ao “saber fazer”, (procedimental) sempre tiveram prioridade. As dimensões conceituais “porque fazer” e como relacionar-se nesse “fazer” (atitudinal), foram muitas vezes relegados, reforçando o modelo tradicional de ensino, que ainda privilegia o esporte e a recreação como conteúdos principais das aulas, sem a devida contextualização. A pesquisa-ação foi realizada com estudantes do 1º ano do Ensino Médio,do curso de Mecânica, do Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí (IFPI). Em dois encontros semanais, no período de março a junho de 2010, foram desenvolvidas atividades pedagógicas, através da utilização de paródias musicais, envolvendo os conteúdos conceituais como: benefícios da atividade física, doping no esporte, exercício e hipertensão, exercício e obesidade; exercício e osteoporose, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, noções de primeiros socorros, tendo em vista o resgate de tais conteúdos. Considerando os depoimentos dos estudantes, concluiu-se que é relevante a utilização da música na aprendizagem, envolvendo o estudante na compreensão de saberes, tornando-o ativo e participativo.

This qualitative study aimed to analyze how music, especially parody, may contribute to the educational process regarding conceptual contents of Physical Education and Health. Throughout the history of scholar Physical Education, contents related to the practice and performance of movements, it means, the “know how” (procedures) have always been a priority. The conceptual dimensions of “why to do” and how to relate to each other when “doing” (attitudinal) have been frequently demoted, reinforcingthe traditional educational model that still privilege sports and recreation as the main contents of the classes, without the important contextualization. This research-action was performed with 1st year high school students from the Mechanics course at The Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Piauí (IFPI). During two weekly meetings, from March to June 2010, pedagogic activities were developedthrough the use of musical parodies about conceptual contents such as: benefits of physical activity, doping in sports, exercise and hypertension, exercise and obesity, exercise and osteoporosis, sexually transmitted diseases and first aid notions, in order to recover such contents. Considering the student’s reports, it was concluded that the use of music is relevant to the learning process as it involves the students in the comprehension of knowledge and turn them into active and participative subjects.

Characterization of oral cancer diagnostic delay in the state of Alagoas.

UNLABELLED: Oral cancer in Brazil still presents high levels of incidence and mortality bearing different traits throughout the national territory. In most of the cases the diagnosis is late; however there is a great possibility for cure when treated early on. AIM: to assess factors associated with the late diagnosis of oral cancer in the state of Alagoas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 74 patients, all of them diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma in a hospital of Alagoas, between July of 2007 and September of 2008. A semi-structured interview was given, obtaining socio-demographic data, the type of professional help sought, symptom onset, referrals and tumor clinical stage at the moment of diagnosis. RESULTS: According to the results obtained in this study, the patients usually sought professional medical help, rather than dental help when a lesion in the mouth appeared, being always referred to a specialist by the dentist, in advanced stages of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests the need for continued education programs for the population and professionals aiming at the early identification of symptoms of the illness; however needing further studies.

Caracterização do diagnóstico tardio do câncer de boca no estado de Alagoas / Characterization of oral cancer diagnostic delay in the state of Alagoas

O câncer de boca, no Brasil, ainda apresenta altos níveis de incidência e mortalidade, com diferentes características da doença no território nacional. A maioria dos casos é diagnosticada tardiamente, porém há uma grande chance de cura quando tratado no início. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os fatores relacionados ao diagnóstico tardio do câncer de boca no estado de Alagoas. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo transversal em 74 pacientes portadores de carcinoma espinocelular da cavidade bucal diagnosticados em um hospital em Alagoas, no período de julho de 2007 a setembro de 2008. Foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada, obtendo-se dados sociodemográficos, profissional procurado, início dos sintomas, encaminhamento e estágio clínico do tumor no momento do diagnóstico. RESULTADOS: De acordo com os resultados obtidos neste estudo, os pacientes procuraram mais o médico que o dentista quando apresentaram uma lesão na boca, sendo encaminhados pelo dentista sempre em um estágio avançado da doença. CONCLUSÕES: Esse estudo sugere a necessidade de programas de educação continuada da população e profissionais para a identificação de sintomas precoces da doença, porém necessita de outras investigações.

Oral cancer in Brazil still presents high levels of incidence and mortality bearing different traits throughout the national territory. In most of the cases the diagnosis is late; however there is a great possibility for cure when treated early on. AIM: to assess factors associated with the late diagnosis of oral cancer in the state of Alagoas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 74 patients, all of them diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma in a hospital of Alagoas, between July of 2007 and September of 2008. A semi-structured interview was given, obtaining socio-demographic data, the type of professional help sought, symptom onset, referrals and tumor clinical stage at the moment of diagnosis. RESULTS: According to the results obtained in this study, the patients usually sought professional medical help, rather than dental help when a lesion in the mouth appeared, being always referred to a specialist by the dentist, in advanced stages of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests the need for continued education programs for the population and professionals aiming at the early identification of symptoms of the illness; however needing further studies.

Conduta no cisto simples de ovário na pós-menopausa / Management of simple ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women

Os cistos simples ovarianos são ocorrências relativamente comuns em mulheres após a menopausa, com uma incidência que varia entre 2,5 a 17%. O percentual de remissão espontânea do cisto simples de ovário é muito alto na literatura mundial (49 a 74%) e o potencial de malignidade muito baixo (0,6 a 1%), o que permite conduta conservadora na maioria dos casos. O acompanhamento deve ser realizado com ultrassonografia e dosagem sérica de CA125. São desnecessários o Doppler colorido e a tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética pélvica para este seguimento.(AU)

Simple ovarian cysts are common in postmenopausal women, with an incidence of 2.5 to 17%. The spontaneous remission of simple ovarian cysts percentage is high (49 to 74%) and the malignant potential is low (0.6 to 1%), which allows a conservative management in most cases. The follow-up is with ultrasonography and serum CA 125 levels. The color Doppler and magnetic resonance or computed tomography of the pelvis is not necessary.(AU)

Oral cancer: population sample of the state of Alagoas at a reference hospital.

UNLABELLED: The incidence and mortality of oral cancer in Brazil remains high; the disease manifests varying features throughout the country. AIM: To analyze the epidemiology of oral cancer, including the prevalence, type and site of lesions, the distribution in the state of Alagoas, staging, treatment, and social and demographic aspects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive retrospective study was carried out. Data were gathered from records of a hospital in Alagoas from January 2000 to December 2006. RESULTS: Of 396 cases (100% of the sample), 62.70% were male and 37.30% female. Most tumors were on the tongue. The mean age was 61.95 years (SD=14.56 years), and 95.2% of the sample were aged over 40 years. Most of lesions were stage II (57.04%). Radiotherapy was the most common treatment. CONCLUSION: This study revealed the epidemiology of oral cancer patients at a reference hospital in the state of Alagoas. The results showed that oral cancer occurs mostly in males in the sixth decade of life; the most common site is the tongue, followed by the floor of the mouth.

Oral cancer: population sample of the state of Alagoas at a reference hospital / Câncer bucal: amostra populacional do estado de Alagoas em hospital de referência

The incidence and mortality of oral cancer in Brazil remains high; the disease manifests varying features throughout the country. AIM: To analyze the epidemiology of oral cancer, including the prevalence, type and site of lesions, the distribution in the state of Alagoas, staging, treatment, and social and demographic aspects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive retrospective study was carried out. Data were gathered from records of a hospital in Alagoas from January 2000 to December 2006. RESULTS: Of 396 cases (100 percent of the sample), 62.70 percent were male and 37.30 percent female. Most tumors were on the tongue. The mean age was 61.95 years (SD=14.56 years), and 95.2 percent of the sample were aged over 40 years. Most of lesions were stage II (57.04 percent). Radiotherapy was the most common treatment. CONCLUSION: This study revealed the epidemiology of oral cancer patients at a reference hospital in the state of Alagoas. The results showed that oral cancer occurs mostly in males in the sixth decade of life; the most common site is the tongue, followed by the floor of the mouth.

O câncer bucal, no Brasil, ainda apresenta altos níveis de incidência e mortalidade, com diferentes características da doença no território nacional. OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico do câncer bucal observando-se a prevalência, tipo e localização da lesão, distribuição no estado de Alagoas, estadiamento, tratamento ofertado pelos serviços e aspectos sócio-demográficos. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo. Os dados foram obtidos dos registros de um hospital em Alagoas, de Janeiro de 2000 a Dezembro de 2006. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que do total de 396 casos registrados, 62,70 por cento eram do sexo masculino e 37,30 por cento do feminino, com maior concentração na região da língua. Do total, 95,2 por cento da amostra situavam-se acima dos 40 anos de idade, cuja média foi de 61,95 anos (DP= 14,56). A maior parte das lesões estava no estádio II (57,04 por cento), e o principal tratamento realizado foi a radioterapia (47,88 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: Esse levantamento contribuiu para traçar um perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com câncer bucal atendidos no hospital de referência em Alagoas. Os resultados mostram que o mesmo ocorre com maior freqüência em indivíduos do gênero masculino, acima da sexta década de vida, com localização anatômica preferencial em língua, seguida pelo assoalho da boca.