ABSTRACT
Pulmonary function is usually assessed by measuring Vital Capacity (VC) using equipment such as a spirometer or ventilometer, but these are not always available to the population, as they are relatively expensive tests, difficult to transport and require trained professionals. However, the single breath counting technique (SBCT) appears as a possible alternative to respiratory function tests, to help in the pathophysiological understanding of lung diseases. The objective is to verify the applicability of the SBCT as a parameter for evaluating VC. This is a systematic review registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023383706) and used for PubMed®, Scientific Electronic Library Online, LILACS, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases of articles published until January 2023. Methodological quality regarding the risk of bias was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 and National Institutes of Health tools. Eleven of a total of 574 studies were included, of these, nine showed a correlation between VC and SBCT (weak in healthy, moderate in neuromuscular and strong in hospitalized patients). One study of hospitalized patients accurately identified a count value of 21 for a VC of 20 ml kg-1(Sensitivity = 94% and Specificity = 77%), and another estimated a count lower than 41 for a VC below 80% of predicted in patients with neuromuscular dystrophy (Sensitivity = 89% and Specificity = 62%), and another showed good intra and inter-examiner reproducibility in young, adult, and elderly populations. A meta-analysis of three studies showed a moderate correlation in subjects with neuromuscular diseases (r= 0.62, 95% CI = 0.52-0.71,p< 0.01). A high risk of bias was identified regarding the justification of the sample size and blinding of the evaluators. SBCT has been presented as an alternative to assess VC in the absence of specific equipment. There is a clear relationship between SBCT and VC, especially in neuromuscular and hospitalized individuals. New validation studies conducted with greater control of potential bias risks are necessary.
Subject(s)
Breath Tests , Lung , United States , Adult , Humans , Aged , Reproducibility of Results , Vital Capacity/physiology , SpirometryABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: Birth weight has been considered an important marker of the nutritional transition in developing countries. Objective: To evaluate the influence of birth weight on body composition and physical fitness of young men born in Maputo, Mozambique. Methods: One hundred and seventy-nine students (aged 19 to 22 years) were divided into four groups (low birth weight < 2.500 g, LBW, n = 49; insufficient birth weight ≥ 2.500 g and < 3.000 g, IBW, n = 27; normal birth weight ≥ 3.000 g and < 3.999 g, NBW, n = 74; and high birth weight > 3.999 g, HBW, n = 31). Anthropometry and body composition were measured. Physical fitness was assessed by handgrip strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, agility, and running speed. Results: IBW showed lower values of body mass and fat free mass while LBW and HBW had high values of hip circumference, suprailiac, subscapular and abdominal skinfold when compared to NBW. LBW and HBW showed a high percentage of individuals with low performance in flexibility, right handgrip, agility, abdominal resistance, arms strength, and horizontal long jump. Around 70% of HBW showed low performance in the running speed test. Conclusion: Both low and high birth weight can influence adult adiposity and the performance in physical fitness tests.
RESUMO Introdução: O peso ao nascer tem sido considerado um marcador importante da transição nutricional nos países em desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do peso ao nascimento na composição corporal e aptidão física de homens jovens nascidos em Maputo, Moçambique. Métodos: Cento e setenta e nove estudantes (com idades entre 19 a 22 anos) foram divididos em quatro grupos (baixo peso ao nascer < 2.500 g, BPN, n = 49; peso insuficiente ao nascer ≥ 2.500 g e < 3.000 g, PIN, n = 27; peso normal ao nascer ≥ 3.000 g e < 3.999 g, PNN, n = 74; e peso elevado ao nascer > 3.999 g, PEN, n = 31). Foram avaliadas a antropometria e a composição corporal. A aptidão física foi avaliada por testes de força de preensão manual, resistência muscular, flexibilidade, agilidade e velocidade de corrida. Resultados: PIN mostrou menores valores de massa corporal e massa livre de gordura, enquanto BPN e PEN apresentaram altos valores de circunferência do quadril, supra-ilíaca, subescapular e dobra cutânea abdominal quando comparados com PNN. BPN e PEN mostraram um alto percentual de indivíduos com baixo desempenho em termos de flexibilidade, preensão palmar direita, agilidade, resistência abdominal, força de braço, e salto em distância horizontal. Cerca de 70% dos PEN apresentaram baixo desempenho no teste de velocidade de corrida. Conclusão: Ambos baixo e alto peso ao nascer podem influenciar a adiposidade no adulto e o desempenho em testes de aptidão física.
RESUMEN Introducción: El peso al nacer ha sido considerado un importante marcador de la transición nutricional en los países en desarrollo. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia del peso al nacer en la composición corporal y la aptitud física de los jóvenes nacidos en Maputo, Mozambique. Métodos: Ciento setenta y nueve estudiantes (de 19 a 22 años) se dividieron en cuatro grupos (bajo peso al nacer < 2.500 g, BPN, n = 49; peso insuficiente al nacer ≥ 2.500 g y < 3.000 g, PIN, n = 27; peso normal al nacer ≥ 3.000 g y < 3.999 g, PNN, n = 74; y peso elevado al nacer > 3.999 g, PEN, n = 31). Se evaluó la antropometría y composición corporal. La aptitud física se evaluó mediante la fuerza de prensión, resistencia muscular, flexibilidad, agilidad y velocidad de carrera. Resultados: PIN mostró valores más bajos de masa corporal y masa libre de grasa, mientras que el BPN y PEN tenían valores altos de circunferencia de la cadera, suprailiaco, subescapular y pliegue abdominal en comparación con PNN. BPN y HBW mostraron un alto porcentaje de personas con bajo rendimiento en flexibilidad, fuerza de prensión de la mano derecha, agilidad, resistencia abdominal, fuerza de los brazos, y salto de longitud horizontal. Alrededor del 70% de HBW mostró bajo rendimiento en la prueba de velocidad de carrera. Conclusión: Tanto bajo y alto peso al nacer pueden influir en la obesidad de adultos y el desempeño en las pruebas de aptitud física.
