ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the presence of anxiety disorders and quality of life in patients with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. Methods: Case-control study of 996 patients with type 2 diabetes and 2,145 individuals without diabetes. The sole inclusion criterion for the case group was insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. We compared the case and control groups for sociodemographic variables, laboratory and clinical data, and presence of anxiety disorders. Quality of life was evaluated using the WHOQOL-BREF instrument, and the prevalence of anxiety disorder was evaluated by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results: Patients with diabetes had a higher prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The presence of these disorders in combination with type 2 diabetes was associated with worse quality of life in the physical, social, psychological, and environmental domains. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance of diagnosing and treating anxiety disorders in patients with diabetes, so as to prevent more serious complications associated with these comorbidities. .
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/psychology , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Quality of Life/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , /drug therapy , /physiopathology , Insulin/therapeutic use , Marital Status , Multivariate Analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Social Environment , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the presence of anxiety disorders and quality of life in patients with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Case-control study of 996 patients with type 2 diabetes and 2,145 individuals without diabetes. The sole inclusion criterion for the case group was insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. We compared the case and control groups for sociodemographic variables, laboratory and clinical data, and presence of anxiety disorders. Quality of life was evaluated using the WHOQOL-BREF instrument, and the prevalence of anxiety disorder was evaluated by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). RESULTS: Patients with diabetes had a higher prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The presence of these disorders in combination with type 2 diabetes was associated with worse quality of life in the physical, social, psychological, and environmental domains. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the importance of diagnosing and treating anxiety disorders in patients with diabetes, so as to prevent more serious complications associated with these comorbidities.
Subject(s)
Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/psychology , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Quality of Life/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Insulin/therapeutic use , Male , Marital Status , Multivariate Analysis , Social Environment , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Maternally deprived rats were treated with tianeptine (15 mg/kg) once a day for 14 days during their adult phase. Their behavior was then assessed using the forced swimming and open field tests. The BDNF, NGF and energy metabolism were assessed in the rat brain. Deprived rats increased the immobility time, but tianeptine reversed this effect and increased the swimming time; the BDNF levels were decreased in the amygdala of the deprived rats treated with saline and the BDNF levels were decreased in the nucleus accumbens within all groups; the NGF was found to have decreased in the hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens of the deprived rats; citrate synthase was increased in the hippocampus of non-deprived rats treated with tianeptine and the creatine kinase was decreased in the hippocampus and amygdala of the deprived rats; the mitochondrial complex I and II-III were inhibited, and tianeptine increased the mitochondrial complex II and IV in the hippocampus of the non-deprived rats; the succinate dehydrogenase was increased in the hippocampus of non-deprived rats treated with tianeptine. So, tianeptine showed antidepressant effects conducted on maternally deprived rats, and this can be attributed to its action on the neurochemical pathways related to depression.
