ABSTRACT
Non-human primates (NHPs) have been shown to be infected by parasites of the genus Plasmodium, the etiological agent of malaria in humans, creating potential risks of zoonotic transmission. Plasmodium brasilianum, a parasite species similar to P. malariae of humans, have been described in NHPs from Central and South America, including Brazil. The merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), besides being a malaria vaccine candidate, is highly immunogenic. Due to such properties, we tested this protein for the diagnosis of parasite infection. We used recombinant proteins of P. malariae MSP1, as well as of P. falciparum and P. vivax, for the detection of antibodies anti-MSP1 of these parasite species, in the sera of NHPs collected in different regions of Brazil. About 40% of the NHP sera were confirmed as reactive to the proteins of one or more parasite species. A relatively higher number of reactive sera was found in animals from the Atlantic Forest than those from the Amazon region, possibly reflecting the former more intense parasite circulation among NHPs due to their proximity to humans at a higher populational density. The presence of Plasmodium positive NHPs in the surveyed areas, being therefore potential parasite reservoirs, needs to be considered in any malaria surveillance program.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução O álcool, apesar de ser uma substância psicoativa, é amplamente experimentado e consumido por adolescentes em vários países do mundo, como no Brasil. Por isso é essencial a identificação de fatores que possam estar contribuindo na ocorrência desse problema. Logo, o objetivo deste estudo é identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à experimentação e ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas entre adolescentes escolares. Métodos Pesquisa epidemiológica, transversal, realizada com 834 adolescentes do ensino médio de escolas públicas das áreas urbana e rural do município de Jequié, no Estado da Bahia. A coleta de dados ocorreu de julho a setembro de 2012 a partir de questionário autoaplicável. A amostra foi aleatória sistemática. Os dados foram analisados a partir da estatística descritiva e da regressão logística. Resultados A prevalência de experimentação (80,75%) e de consumo de bebida alcoólica (37,75%) foi mais elevada no sexo masculino, com 57,91 e 59,66%, respectivamente. Dos fatores que tiveram associação positiva estatisticamente significante, a experimentação de tabaco teve maior impacto na experimentação de bebidas alcoólicas (RP=1,31; IC95%=1,25-1,37) e no consumo delas (RP=2,08; IC95%=1,75-2,47). Conclusão Entre os adolescentes pesquisados, a prevalência da experimentação e do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas é elevada, por isso são necessárias ações que minimizem os principais fatores associados a essa droga.
Abstract Introduction Alcohol, despite being a psychoactive substance, is widely experienced and consumed by adolescents in several countries, including Brazil. Therefore, it is essential to identify the contributing factors to the occurrence of this problem. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with experimentation and consumption of alcoholic drinks among adolescent students. Method It is an epidemiological research, cross-sectional, held with 834 High School adolescents from public schools in urban and rural areas of the city of Jequié, Bahia. The data collection took place from self-administered questionnaire. The sample was a systematic random. Data were analyzed from descriptive statistics and regression logistics. Results The prevalence of experimentation of alcohol (80.75%) and alcohol consumption (37.75) was higher in males 57.91% and 59.66%, respectively. Of the factors with statistically significant positive association, the tobacco experience had greater impact on experiencing (PR=1.31; 95% CI=1.25-1.37) and consumption (PR=2.08; CI95=1.75 to 2.47%) of alcoholic beverages. Conclusion among the adolescents surveyed, the prevalence of alcohol experiencing and consumption is high, requiring actions to minimize especially the main associated factors.
