ABSTRACT
Visceral Leishmaniasis is included among the neglected tropical diseases, being directly related to conditions of social vulnerability, in urban environments, dogs act as important reservoirs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution of dogs, related risk factors and identify of volatile organic compounds from infected dogs. Peripheral blood samples from 72 dogs were collected for detection using the ELISA test, in addition to hair samples for analysis by GC-MS. Of the evaluated dogs, 13 (18.05%/72) were reactive for canine VL, seven in Aracaju and six in Propriá. Factors related to vegetation, age, place where the dog stays and free access to the street, were associated with a greater chance of the dog becoming infected. Fifty-three compounds were identified from ten canine hair samples, among which 2-butoxyethanol, benzaldehyde, decane, 2-phenylacetaldehyde, nonan-1-ol, 2-phenoxyethanol, nonanoic acid, 8-heptadecene and eicosane were found in seropositive dogs for leishmaniasis. The guardian's posture has been increasingly important, requiring more attention to the dog's health and actions aimed at environmental management in an attempt to reduce cases of canine VL in the state. Even though the identified VOCs have not been associated with leishmanial infection, it is of great use for understanding canine hair substances.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases , Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Animals , Dogs , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Spatial Analysis , Brazil , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayABSTRACT
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a composição e a qualidade físico-química do leite pasteurizado padronizado comercializado na Cidade de São Luis, MA, verificar se estavam dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela Instrução Normativa nº 51 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento e observar a ocorrência de fraudes econômicas como adição de água, através da densidade e crioscopia. Foram coletadas 20 amostras de leite pasteurizado padronizado durante o mês de maio de 2009, no comércio local da cidade. Foram realizadas análises de acidez, densidade, índice crioscópico, EST, ESD, proteína, gordura, cinzas, prova de peroxidase e fosfatase alcalina. Das 20 amostras analisadas, verificou-se que a densidade variou de 1,020 a 1,027 g/mL; a acidez de 10 a 14ºD; a gordura de 2,5 a 3,8%; o EST de 8,6 a 11,36%; ESD 6,1 a 7,86%; crioscopia 0,414 a 0,505ºC; proteínas de 2,4 a 3,32% e cinzas de 0,49 a 0,95%, a % de água adicionada variou de 1,27 a 17,83%. Todas as amostras apresentaram fosfatase negativa e peroxidase positiva. Com relação aos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que se apresentaram de forma geral insatisfatórios, evidenciando, principalmente, fraude do produto. Portanto, torna-se necessária a adoção de medidas de fiscalização por parte das autoridades competentes e maior conscientização das indústrias e consumidores.
The objective of this study to evaluate the composition and physico-chemical quality of standardized pasteurized milk marketed in São Luis, MA, Brazil, verify whether it was within the standards established by Instruction No. 51 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, and observe the occurrence of any economic fraud such as adding water, by measuring the density and freezing point. We collected 20 samples of standardized pasteurized milk during the month of May 2009, at a local town market. These were analyzed for acidity, density, cryoscopy, TS, SNF, protein, fat, ash, proof of peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase. Of the 20 samples analyzed, it was found that the density ranged from 1.020 to 1.027 g/mL; acidity from 10 to 14°D; fat from 2.5 to 3.8%; TS 8.6 to 11.36%; SNF 6.1 to 7.86%; freezing point 0.414 to 0.505°C; proteins from 2.4 to 3.32%; ash 0.49 to 0.95%; while the percentage of water added ranged from 1.27 to 17.83%. All samples were phosphatase negative and peroxidase positive. Regarding the results obtained, we can conclude that they were generally poor, showing mainly product fraud. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt measures for control by the relevant authorities and to raise awareness within the industries and among consumers.
