Factors associated with post-delivery complications, according to the demographic and family health survey in Perú 2019-2020 / Factores asociados a complicaciones post parto según la encuesta demográfica y de salud familiar en Perú 2019-2020

Introduction: Postpartum complications are important health problems in Peru, therefore it is necessary to determine their associated factors. Objectives: Determine the factors associated with postpartum complications in Peru during the years 2019 and 2020. Methods: Cross-sectional, analytical study, carried out from the analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2019-2020, of Peru. The unit of analysis was women between the ages of 12 and 49 residing in Peru in the years 2019-2020. Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: It is evidenced that the age of 20 to 35 years has a prevalence ratio of 1.12 of ending in complications after childbirth (PRa: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.18) compared to women who have 36 years and over. Having complications during childbirth has a 2.75 times higher prevalence of complications after childbirth (APR: 2.75, 95% CI: 2.64 to 2866). Having a degree of primary (RPa: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84 to 0.96), secondary (RPa: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89 to 0.98) education decreases the probability of having complications after childbirth compared to women with a higher level of education. and having a single marital status (APR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.94) decreases the probability of having complications after childbirth, compared to cohabitants. Conclusion. The prevalence of postpartum complications is regular. The factors associated with postpartum complications are: age, educational level, marital status and complications during childbirth.

Introducción: Las complicaciones post parto son problemas de salud importante en el Perú, por lo tanto, es necesario determinar sus factores asociados. Objetivos. Determinar los factores asociados a las complicaciones después del parto en mujeres de 12 a 49 años en Perú, según la encuesta demográfica y salud familiar, 2019-2020. Métodos. Estudio de fuente secundaria basado en la ENDES 2019-2020. La unidad de análisis fueron todas las mujeres de 12 a 49 años de edad residentes en el Perú en los años 2019-2020, que hayan presentado complicaciones post parto, y que respondieron a las preguntas de las variables del estudio. Resultados. Se evidencia que la edad de 20 a 35 años tiene una razón de prevalencia de 1,12 de terminar en complicaciones después del parto (RPa: 1,12, IC95%: 1,07 a 1,18). Tener complicaciones durante el parto tiene 2,75 más veces la prevalencia de complicaciones después del parto (RPa: 2,75, IC95%: 2,64 a 2866).  Tener grado de instrucción primaria (RPa: 0,90, IC95%: 0,84 a 0,96), secundaria (RPa: 0,94, IC95%: 0,89 a 0,98) y tener estado civil soltera (RPa 0,85, IC95%: 0,76 a 0,94) disminuyen la probabilidad de tener complicaciones después del parto. Conclusión. La prevalencia de las complicaciones después del parto es de 37,7%. Los factores asociados a las complicaciones después del parto son: la edad, grado de instrucción, estado civil y complicaciones durante el parto.

Co-W Barrier Layers for Metallization of Copper Interconnects: Thermal Performance Analysis.

The back-end-of-line (BEOL) copper interconnect structure has been subjected to downscaling for the last two decades, while the materials used for conforming and assuring its physical integrity during processing have faced significant obstacles as the single-digit nanometer process node is implemented. In particular, the diffusion barrier layer system comprised of Ta/TaN has faced major constraints when it comes to the electrical performance of the smaller Cu lines, and thus alternative formulations have been investigated in recent years, such as Ru-Ta or Co-W alloys. In this work, we assess how PVD (physical vapor deposition) deposited equimolar Co-W films perform when exposed to different vacuum annealing temperatures and how these films compare with the Ta adhesion layer used for Cu seeding in terms of dewetting resistance. The stacks were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping. The Cu film at the surface of the Cu/Co-W system exhibited grain growth starting at 300 °C, with the formation of abnormally large Cu grains starting at 450 °C. Sheet resistance reached a minimum value of 7.07 × 10-6 Ω/sq for the Cu/Co-W stack and 6.03 × 10-6 Ω/sq for the Cu/Ta stack, both for the samples annealed at 450 °C.

Seedless Cu Electroplating on Ru-W Thin Films for Metallisation of Advanced Interconnects.

For decades, Ta/TaN has been the industry standard for a diffusion barrier against Cu in interconnect metallisation. The continuous miniaturisation of transistors and interconnects into the nanoscale are pushing conventional materials to their physical limits and creating the need to replace them. Binary metallic systems, such as Ru-W, have attracted considerable attention as possible replacements due to a combination of electrical and diffusion barrier properties and the capability of direct Cu electroplating. The process of Cu electrodeposition on Ru-W is of fundamental importance in order to create thin, continuous, and adherent films for advanced interconnect metallisation. This work investigates the effects of the current density and application method on the electro-crystallisation behaviour of Cu. The film structure, morphology, and chemical composition were assessed by digital microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results show that it was possible to form a thin Cu film on Ru-W with interfacial continuity for current densities higher than 5 mA·cm-2; however, the substrate regions around large Cu particles remained uncovered. Pulse-reverse current application appears to be more beneficial than direct current as it decreased the average Cu particle size.

Polidocanol Foam Sclerotherapy Versus Rubber Band Ligation in Hemorrhoidal Disease Grades I/II/III: Randomized Trial.

BACKGROUND: Rubber band ligation and sclerotherapy are considered the office-based procedures of choice in hemorrhoidal disease. However, there are no studies comparing rubber band ligation and polidocanol foam sclerotherapy. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of polidocanol foam sclerotherapy compared with rubber band ligation. DESIGN: This study was a randomized open-label study with 1-year follow-up. SETTINGS: The study was conducted in the colorectal unit of a tertiary hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred twenty patients with hemorrhoidal disease grades I to III were included. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were stratified by hemorrhoidal disease grade and randomly assigned (1:1) to treatment with either rubber band ligation (n = 60) or polidocanol foam sclerotherapy (n = 60). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Efficacy outcomes included therapeutic success and recurrence. Safety outcomes included the occurrence of complications related to the procedures. RESULTS: Therapeutic success was not significantly different between the groups (polidocanol foam sclerotherapy 93.3% vs rubber band ligation 85.0%, p = 0.14). However, complete success rate was higher in the polidocanol foam sclerotherapy group (88.3% vs 66.7%, p = 0.009) with fewer office-based sessions (mean ± SD: 1.32 ± 0.60 vs 1.62 ± 0.76, p = 0.02). Recurrence rates were lower in the polidocanol foam sclerotherapy group (16.1% vs 41.2%, p = 0.004). Most recurrences were mild (83.3%). Complications were more frequent in the rubber band ligation group (30.0% vs 10.0%, p = 0.01) and were mostly minor (91.7%). No severe complications were observed in either group. LIMITATIONS: This study was performed in a single center, and both patients and investigators were not blinded to the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Both procedures are effective in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease grades I to III. Polidocanol foam sclerotherapy was more effective than rubber band ligation when considering complete success. Patients in the polidocanol foam sclerotherapy group needed fewer treatment sessions, had lower recurrence rates, and were less likely to have complications. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B816. REGISTRATION: https//www.clinicaltrials.gov; Identifier: NCT04091763. ESCLEROTERAPIA CON ESPUMA DE POLIDOCANOL VERSUS LIGADURA CON BANDA DE GOMA EN LOS GRADOS I / II / III DE ENFERMEDAD HEMORROIDAL ENSAYO ALEATORIZADO: ANTECEDENTES:La ligadura con banda elástica y la escleroterapia se consideran los procedimientos de elección en el consultorio para la enfermedad hemorroidal. Sin embargo, no hay estudios que comparen la ligadura con bandas elastica y la escleroterapia con espuma de polidocanol.OBJETIVO:Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la escleroterapia con espuma de polidocanol en comparación con la ligadura con bandas elastica.DISEÑO:Estudio aleatorizado randomizado, abierto, con seguimiento de 1 año.AJUSTES:El estudio se realizó en una unidad colorrectal de un hospital terciario.PACIENTES:Se incluyeron 120 pacientes con enfermedad hemorroidal grados I a III.INTERVENCIONES:Los pacientes fueron estratificados por grado de enfermedad hemorroidal y asignados al azar (1: 1) al tratamiento con ligadura con banda elastica (n = 60) o escleroterapia con espuma de polidocanol (n = 60).PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Los resultados de eficacia incluyeron el éxito terapéutico y la recurrencia. Los resultados de seguridad incluyeron la aparición de complicaciones relacionadas con los procedimientos.RESULTADOS:El éxito terapéutico no fue significativamente diferente entre los grupos (escleroterapia con espuma de polidocanol 93,3% vs ligadura con banda de goma 85,0%, p = 0,14). Sin embargo, la tasa de éxito completo fue mayor en el grupo de escleroterapia con espuma de polidocanol (88,3% vs 66,7%, p = 0,009), con menos sesiones en el consultorio (media ± desviación estándar: 1,32 ± 0,60 vs 1,62 ± 0,76, p = 0,02). Las tasas de recurrencia fueron más bajas en el grupo de escleroterapia con espuma de polidocanol (16,1% vs 41,2%, p = 0,004). La mayoría de las recurrencias fueron leves (83,3%). Las complicaciones fueron más frecuentes en el grupo de ligadura con bandas elastica (30,0% vs 10,0%, p = 0,01) y fueron en su mayoría menores (91,7%). No se observaron complicaciones graves en ninguno de los grupos.LIMITACIONES:Este estudio se realizó en un solo centro y ni los pacientes ni los investigadores estaban cegados al grupo de tratamiento.CONCLUSIONES:Ambos procedimientos son efectivos en el tratamiento de la enfermedad hemorroidal grados I a III. La escleroterapia con espuma de polidocanol fue más eficaz que la ligadura con banda de goma cuando se consideró el éxito completo. Los pacientes del grupo de escleroterapia con espuma de polidocanol necesitaron menos sesiones de tratamiento, tuvieron tasas de recurrencia más bajas y menos probabilidades de tener complicaciones. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B816. (Traducción-Dr Yolanda Colorado)ClinicalTrials.gov, número NCT04091763.

The Effect of Ultrasonic Agitation on the Seedless Growth of Cu on Ru-W Thin Films.

Ru attracted considerable attention as a candidate to replace TaN as a diffusion barrier layer for Cu interconnect metallisation. The addition of W improves the diffusion barrier properties of Ru but appears to weaken the adhesion strength between the barrier and Cu and the direct (seedless) electroplatability behaviour. Although Cu can be directly electroplated on near equimolar Ru-W thin films, no complete substrate coverage is obtained. The understanding of Cu electrocrystallisation on Ru−W is essential to develop methods of fabricating thin, continuous, and well adherent films for advanced interconnect metallisation, where Ru−W thin films could be used as diffusion barriers. This work studies the effect of ultrasonic agitation on the growth of Cu films electroplated on Ru−W, namely on the impact on substrate coverage. Film structure, morphology and chemical composition were evaluated by digital and scanning and transmission electron microscopies, and X-ray diffraction. The results show that Cu particles decrease with increasing current density, but when no electrolyte agitation is applied, substrate coverage is incomplete in the central region, with openings around larger Cu particles, regardless of current density. Under ultrasonic agitation, substrate coverage is remarkably improved. An active particle detachment mechanism is proposed as responsible for attaining improved substrate coverage, only possible at intermediate current density. Lower current densities promote growth over nucleation, whereas higher currents result in extensive hydrogen reduction/formation. Ultrasonic agitation also enhances a preferential Cu growth along <111> direction.

Transformational leadership and work performance in health care: the mediating role of job satisfaction.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation among transformational leadership, job satisfaction and adaptive performance of health-care professionals and administrative personnel of Portuguese non-profit health-care organizations. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This study collects data using an online survey sent to a nationwide database. This study uses a structural equation modeling approach to specify and estimate models of linear relations among the variables. This study tests the direct and mediated effects proposed by the hypotheses using a sample of non-profit 192 health-care organizations. FINDINGS: The results show (regardless of being direct health-care professionals or employees performing support functions) that job satisfaction fully mediates the relation between transformational leadership and adaptive performance. Transformational leadership alone and directly seems to have no effect on adaptive performance. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: The theoretical implications of this study concern the influence that transformational leadership has on job satisfaction and the consequent indirect influence on performance regardless of being direct health-care professionals or employees performing support functions. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The main managerial contribution of the study regards how health-care organizations' leaders may contribute to increase employees' performance by ensuring job satisfaction. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Despite the numerous studies that relate transformational leadership to job satisfaction and performance, there is a gap on research run in health care settings involving both health care and administrative personnel. Transformational leadership can increase the satisfaction of health-care professional and consequently job satisfaction has a positive influence on employees' adaptive performance.

Seedless Cu Electroplating on Co-W Thin Films in Low pH Electrolyte: Early Stages of Formation.

The use of Ta/TaN barrier bilayer systems in electronic applications has been ubiquitous over the last decade. Alternative materials such as Co-W or Ru-W alloys have gathered interest as possible replacements due to their conjugation of favourable electrical properties and barrier layer efficiency at reduced thicknesses while enabling seedless Cu electroplating. The microstructure, morphology, and electrical properties of Cu films directly electrodeposited onto Co-W or Ru-W are important to assess, concomitant with their ability to withstand the electroplating baths/conditions. This work investigates the effects of the current application method and pH value of the electroplating solution on the electrocrystallisation behaviour of Cu deposited onto a Co-W barrier layer. The film structure, morphology, and chemical composition were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, as well as photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the electrolyte solution at pH 1.8 is incapable of creating a compact Cu film over the Co-W layer in either pulsed or direct-current modes. At higher pH, a continuous film is formed. A mechanism is proposed for the nucleation and growth of Cu on Co-W, where a balance between Cu nucleation, growth, and preferential Co dissolution dictates the substrate area coverage and compactness of the electrodeposited films.

Succinate Dehydrogenase and Ribonucleic Acid Networks in Cancer and Other Diseases.

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex connects both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC) in the mitochondria. However, SDH mutation or dysfunction-induced succinate accumulation results in multiple cancers and non-cancer diseases. The mechanistic studies show that succinate activates hypoxia response and other signal pathways via binding to 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases and succinate receptors. Recently, the increasing knowledge of ribonucleic acid (RNA) networks, including non-coding RNAs, RNA editors, and RNA modifiers has expanded our understanding of the interplay between SDH and RNA networks in cancer and other diseases. Here, we summarize recent discoveries in the RNA networks and their connections to SDH. Additionally, we discuss current therapeutics targeting SDH in both pre-clinical and clinical trials. Thus, we propose a new model of SDH-RNA network interaction and bring promising RNA therapeutics against SDH-relevant cancer and other diseases.

Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Tumor Initiation and Progression.

Lung cancer is one of the deadliest forms of cancer affecting society today. Non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), through the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic changes they impose, have been found to be dysregulated to affect lung cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review will briefly summarize hallmarks involved in lung cancer initiation and progression. For initiation, these hallmarks include tumor initiating cells, immortalization, activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressors. Hallmarks involved in lung cancer progression include metastasis and drug tolerance and resistance. The targeting of these hallmarks with non-coding RNAs can affect vital metabolic and cell signaling pathways, which as a result can potentially have a role in cancerous and pathological processes. By further understanding non-coding RNAs, researchers can work towards diagnoses and treatments to improve early detection and clinical response.

Protein Profiles of Lipid Droplets during the Hypersensitive Defense Response of Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas Infection.

Lipid droplets (LDs) have classically been viewed as seed storage particles, yet they are now emerging as dynamic organelles associated with developmental and stress responses. Nevertheless, their involvement in plant immunity has still been little studied. Here, we found LD accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves that induced a hypersensitive response (HR) after Pseudomonas infection. We established a protocol to reproducibly isolate LDs and to analyze their protein content. The expression of GFP fusion proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana and in transgenic Arabidopsis lines validated the LD localization of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4 (GPAT4) and 8 (GPAT8), required for cutin biosynthesis. Similarly, we showed LD localization of α-dioxygenase1 (α-DOX1) and caleosin3 (CLO3), involved in the synthesis of fatty acid derivatives, and that of phytoalexin-deficient 3 (PAD3), which is involved in camalexin synthesis. We found evidence suggesting the existence of different populations of LDs, with varying protein contents and distributions. GPAT4 and GPAT8 were associated with LDs inside stomata and surrounding cells of untreated leaves, yet they were mainly confined to LDs in guard cells after bacterial inoculation. By contrast, α-DOX1 and PAD3 were associated with LDs in the epidermal cells of HR-responding leaves, with PAD3 mostly restricted to cells near dead tissue, while CLO3 had a more ubiquitous distribution. As such, the nature of the proteins identified, together with the phenotypic examination of selected mutants, suggests that LDs participate in lipid changes and in the production and transport of defense components affecting the interaction of plants with invading pathogens.

Lipid Droplet Isolation from Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves.

Lipid droplets (LDs) are neutral lipid aggregates surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and specific proteins. In plants, they play a key role as energy source after seed germination, but are also formed in vegetative tissues in response to developmental or environmental conditions, where their functions are poorly understood. To elucidate these, it is essential to isolate LDs with good yields, while retaining their protein components. LD isolation protocols are based on their capacity to float after centrifugation in sucrose gradients. Early strategies using stringent conditions and LD-abundant plant tissues produced pure LDs where core proteins were identified. To identify more weakly bound LD proteins, recent protocols have used low stringency buffers, but carryover contaminants and low yields were often a problem. We have developed a sucrose gradient-based protocol to isolate LDs from Arabidopsis leaves, using Tween-20 and fresh tissue to increase yield. In both healthy and bacterially-infected Arabidopsis leaves, this protocol allowed to identify LD proteins that were later confirmed by microscopy analysis.

Indicadores para la autoevaluación de la calidad del proceso de extensión universitaria / Indicators for self-assessment of the quality of University Extension process

RESUMEN El trabajo tiene el objetivo de elaborar una propuesta de indicadores para la autoevaluación del proceso de Extensión universitaria, que permita incidir en la mejora continua de las Instituciones de Educación Superior con enfoque de calidad. Se emplearon métodos y técnicas, la revisión documental, la encuesta y el escalamiento, que posibilitaron constatar la factibilidad de los indicadores propuestos y como resultado, la necesidad de promover alternativas para la evaluación interna en la que se reconozca su carácter multidimensional e integrador, así como su valor indicativo de pertinencia en cuanto a satisfacer necesidades de los actores que intervienen. De acuerdo al caso de estudio, los indicadores posibilitaron generar una mejor valoración sobre el desempeño e interacción social de la institución universitaria. A través de la definición y aplicación de los indicadores para la autoevaluación de la calidad de la extensión universitaria, se realizan valoraciones para fundamentar una política de calidad de este proceso.

ABSTRACT The work has the objective of preparing a proposal of indicators for the self-evaluation of the University Extension process, which allows for the continuous improvement of Higher Education Institutions with a quality approach. Methods and techniques such as document review, survey and scaling were used, which made it possible to verify the feasibility of the proposed indicators and as a result, the need to promote alternatives for the internal evaluation of the process, in which its multidimensional and integrative character is recognized, as well as its indicative value of relevance in terms of satisfying the needs of the actors involved in its development. According to the case study presented, the indicators made it possible to generate a better assessment of the performance and social interaction of the university institution in question. Through the definition and application of the indicators for the self-assessment of the quality of university extension, valuations are carried out to support a quality policy for this process.

Looking at the proteases from a simple perspective.

Proteases have received enormous interest from the research and medical communities because of their significant roles in several human diseases. Some examples include the involvement of thrombin in thrombosis, HIV-1 protease in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, cruzain in Trypanosoma cruzi infection, and membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase in tumor invasion and metastasis. Many efforts has been undertaken to design effective inhibitors featuring potent inhibitory activity, specificity, and metabolic stability to those proteases involved in such pathologies. Protease inhibitors usually target the active site, but some of them act by other inhibitory mechanisms. The understanding of the structure-function relationships of proteases and inhibitors has an impact on new inhibitor drugs designing. In this paper, the structures of four proteases (thrombin, HIV-protease, cruzain, and a matrix metalloproteinase) are briefly reviewed, and used as examples of the importance of proteases for the development of new treatment strategies, leading to a longer and healthier life.

Guías de vigilancia epidemiológica / Epidemiological surveillance guidelines

Se presenta la primer versión de las guias de enfermedades de notificación obligatoria, que no comprende en esta primera etapa todas la enfermedades, pero contiene la información esencial para el manejo de las mismas en nuestro pais. En ella puede encontrar las definiciones de caso, entre otros

Compendio de reglamentos universitarios de la Universidad Publica Boliviana y Universidad Mayor de San Andres

El presente compendio de Reglamentos Universitarios reune un conjunto de reglamentos generales y especificos, que a nuestro juicio son los mas importantes de la normativa universitaria vigente. Los reglamentos generales corresponden al Sistema de la Universidad Publica Boliviana, aprobada en el Decimo Congreso Nacional de universidades llevado a cabo en la Universidad Amazonica de Cobija-Pando en la gestion 2003

El sida y su asociación con el uso de drogas en Uruguay / Association of AIDS to the use of drugs in Uruguay

Hasta diciembre de 1996 25 por ciento de los casos acumulados de SIDA en Uruguay tuvieron como factor de riesgo el compartir instrumental de inyección entre usuarios de drogas. 76 por ciento pertenecía al sexo masculino y el mayor número de casos se encontró entre adultos jóvenes (25 a 29 años). Se estima que en Uruguay la infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) de la mujer como consecuencia del uso de drogas inyectables es la causa de alrededor de 40 por ciento de la transmisión perinatal, ya sea por consumir drogas ella misma o por ser la pareja sexual de un usuario de drogas infectado. Se sugiere la implementación de programas de prevención a corta plazo fundamentados en el conocimiento de la situación nacional, no sólo para disminuir la infección del VIH entre personas que usan drogas inyectables, sino también para impedir la diseminación del virus a una población mayor no usuaria de drogas

Conocimientos de Biologia General necesarios para Fisiología Médica en nuevo ingreso / Knowledge of General Biology necessary for medical Physiology for new students

Se hizo una valoración de los conocimientos básicos de Biologia General, relacionados con la Fisiología Humana, mediante un cuestionario de 10 preguntas durante el curso académico 1988-1989. Los resultados indican insuficiente conocimiento para la comprención y aplicación de los contenidos del programa de Fisiología. Se recomienda la nivelación de esos conocimientos y la estimulación de investigaciones pedagógicas que comprueban la eficiencia del sistema de educación

Conocimientos de Biologia General necesarios para Fisiología Médica en nuevo ingreso / Knowledge of General Biology necessary for medical Physiology for new students

Se hizo una valoración de los conocimientos básicos de Biologia General, relacionados con la Fisiología Humana, mediante un cuestionario de 10 preguntas durante el curso académico 1988-1989. Los resultados indican insuficiente conocimiento para la comprención y aplicación de los contenidos del programa de Fisiología. Se recomienda la nivelación de esos conocimientos y la estimulación de investigaciones pedagógicas que comprueban la eficiencia del sistema de educación

Estudio del zinc y cobre en la unidad feto-materna-placentaria del embarazo normal a término / Study of zinc and copper in fetal-aternal-placental unit of normal pregnancy at term

Considerando la importancia que tienen los oligoelementos por las múltiples funciones en que participan durante el desarrollo del embarazo, se estudió el comportamiento del zinc y el cobre en la unidad feto-materna-placentaria en un grupo de 59 mujeres embarazadas normales a término. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la dilución del plasma con agua desionizada y la incineración del tejido placentario a 450 C y su posterior dilución en ácidos. Las lecturas se hicieron por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. En las mujeres embarazadas encontramos un valor medio del zinc plasmático significativamente inferior al del grupo de mujeres no embarazadas. Los niños recién nacidos y sus madres presentaron valores de zinc plasmático muy similares. La concentración de cobre en el plasma de las mujeres embarazadas presentó un incremento significativo en relación con el cobre plasmático de los niños y de las mujeres no embarazadas. Las concentraciones medias de zinc y cobre en el tejido placentario, fueron de 22,1 *g/g de tejido y 20,2 *g/g de tejido, respectivamente

Estudio del zinc y cobre en la unidad feto-materna-placentaria del embarazo normal a término / Study of zinc and copper in fetal-maternal-placental unit of normal pregnancy at term

Considerando la importancia que tienen los oligoelementos por las múltiples funciones en que participan durante el desarrollo del embarazo, se estudió el comportamiento del zinc y el cobre en la unidad feto-materna-placentaria en un grupo de 59 mujeres embarazadas normales a término. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la dilución del plasma con agua desionizada y la incineración del tejido placentario a 450 C y su posterior dilución en ácidos. Las lecturas se hicieron por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. En las mujeres embarazadas encontramos un valor medio del zinc plasmático significativamente inferior al del grupo de mujeres no embarazadas. Los niños recién nacidos y sus madres presentaron valores de zinc plasmático muy similares. La concentración de cobre en el plasma de las mujeres embarazadas presentó un incremento significativo en relación con el cobre plasmático de los niños y de las mujeres no embarazadas. Las concentraciones medias de zinc y cobre en el tejido placentario, fueron de 22,1 *g/g de tejido y 20,2 *g/g de tejido, respectivamente