A framework model to integrate sources and pathways in the assessment of river water pollution.

Metal and nutrient pollution, soil erosion, and alterations in climate and hydrology are prevalent issues that impact the water quality of riverine systems. However, integrated approaches to assess and isolate causes and paths of river water pollution are scarce, especially in the case of watersheds impacted by multiple hazardous activities. Therefore, a framework model for investigating the multiple sources of river water pollution was developed. The chosen study area was the Paraopeba River basin located in the Minas Gerais, Brazil. Besides multiple agriculture, industrial, and urban pollution sources, this region was profoundly affected by the rupture of the B1 tailings dam (in January 2019) at the Córrego do Feijão mine, resulting in the release of metal-rich waste. Considering this situation, thirty-nine physicochemical and hydromorphological parameters were examined in the Paraopeba River basin, in the 2019-2023 period. The analysis involved various statistical techniques, including bivariate and multivariate methods such as correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and clustering. The Paraopeba River was mainly impacted by metal contamination resulting from the dam collapse, whereas nutrient contamination, mainly from urban and industrial discharges, predominantly affected its tributaries. Additionally, the elevated concentrations of aluminum, iron, nitrate, and sulfate in both main river and tributaries can be attributed to diffuse and point source pollution. In terms of hydromorphology and soil type, the interaction between woody vegetation and erosion-resistant soils, especially latosols, contributes to the stability of riverbanks in the main river. Meanwhile, in the tributaries, the presence of neosols and sparse vegetation in urbanized areas promoted riverbank erosion potentially amplifying pollution. While the study was conducted in a particular watershed, the findings are based on a methodology that can be applied universally. Hence, the insights on surface water quality from this research can be a valuable resource for researchers studying watersheds with diverse pollution sources.

Factors associated with the permission for child vaccination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with permission for child vaccination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, with parents/guardians of children aged up to 1 year, 11 months and 29 days, aged 18 years or older, with internet access and residents of the state of Alagoas. The collection was conducted between June 2021 and April 2022, using a structured instrument via Google forms®. Fisher's Exact and Pearson's chi-square statistical tests were used. RESULTS: A total of 94 parents/guardians participated. There was an association between permission for child vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic and higher education level of parents/guardians, with the lack of an educational bond with the child, and between parents/guardians who would allow the application of the COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSION: Permission for child vaccination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with higher education level of parents/guardians and the absence of educational bond of the child.

Exercise of professional autonomy of intensive care nurses in the pandemic scenario.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the exercise of professional autonomy of intensive care nurses during times of the new coronavirus pandemic. METHOD: A descriptive, qualitative study, conducted with 19 nurses from Intensive Care Units of two public hospitals and one private hospital. The information was produced from October 2020 to January 2021, through semi-structured interviews, using content analysis in thematic modality, guided by Eliot Freidson's Sociology of Professions. RESULTS: Nursesargued that it was difficult, amidst the pandemic, to act with all the prerogatives assigned to them by their social mandate, for various reasons, such as limited knowledge about the disease, fragile teamwork communication, and scarcity of material and human resources. CONCLUSION: The exercise of professional autonomy is shaped by the confrontation of multiple factors that impact the performance of intensive care nurses, especially in a context of pandemic crisis.

Patients' views and experiences on the supported self-management/patient-initiated follow up pathway for breast cancer.

PURPOSE: To explore patients' expectations and experience of Supportive Self-Management (SSM)/ Patient Initiated Follow Up (PIFU) following breast cancer treatments over a 12-month period. METHODS: In total, 32/110 (29%) patient participants in the PRAGMATIC (Patients' experiences of a suppoRted self-manAGeMent pAThway In breast Cancer) study were interviewed at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Interviews in this sub-study used a mix-methods approach to explore understanding of the pathway, confidence in self-management, triggers to seek help and/or re-engage with the clinical breast team and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses to pre-assigned categories were summarised as counts/ percentages and collated in tabular or graphic format. Free responses were recorded verbatim and reviewed using framework analysis. RESULTS: Participants regarded the SSM/PIFU pathway as a way to save time and money for them and the National Health Service (NHS) (14/32; 44%) and as a means of assuming responsibility for their own follow-up (18/32; 56%). Most maintained (very/somewhat) confidence in managing their BC follow-up care (baseline 31/32, 97%; 12 months 29/31, 93%). During the year, 19% (5/26) stopped endocrine therapy altogether because of side effects. Qualitative analysis revealed general satisfaction with SSM/PIFU and described the breast care nurses as reassuring and empathic. However, there was a lingering anxiety about identifying signs and symptoms correctly, particularly for those with screen-detected cancers. There was also uncertainty about who to contact for psychological support. The COVID-19 pandemic discouraged some participants from contacting the helpline as they did not want to overburden the NHS. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that during the first year on the SSM/PIFU pathway, most patients felt confident managing their own care. Clinical teams should benefit from understanding patients' expectations and experiences and potentially modify the service for men with BC and/or those with screen-detected breast cancers.

Understanding the Elevated Lethality of COVID-19 in Liver Transplant Recipients: Does Immunosuppression Management Matter? Results from a Brazilian Multicentric Historical Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Infections by SARS-CoV-2 in liver transplant recipients (LT) patients are of particular concern, notably due to perceived added risks related to immunosuppression and comorbidity burden. Current literature on this topic often relies on small, non-standardized, and geographically limited studies. This manuscript describes COVID-19 presentations and causes for elevated mortality in a large cohort of LT recipients. METHODS: This study was designed as a multicentric historical cohort, including LT recipient patients with COVID-19 in 25 study centers, with the primary endpoint being COVID-related death. We also collected demographic, clinical, and laboratory data regarding presentation and disease progression. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-four cases were included. The study population was predominantly male and White and had a median age of 60 years. The median time from transplantation was 2.6 years (IQR 1-6). Most patients had at least one comorbidity (189, 80.8%). Patient age (P = .04), dyspnea (P < .001), intensive care unit admission (P < .001), and mechanical ventilation (P < .001) were associated with increased mortality. Modifications of immunosuppressive therapy (P < .001), specifically the suspension of tacrolimus, maintained significance in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Attention to risk factors and the individualization of patient care, especially regarding immunosuppression management, is crucial for delivering more precise interventions to these individuals.

Urea as a source of nitrogen and carbon leads to increased photosynthesis rates in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under mixotrophy.

Microalgae is a potential source of bioproducts, including feedstock to biofuels. Urea has been pointed as potential N source for microalgae growth. Considering that urea metabolism releases HCO3- to the medium, we tested the hypothesis that this carbon source could improve photosynthesis and consequently growth rates of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In this sense, the metabolic responses of C. reinhardtii grown with ammonium and urea as nitrogen sources under mixotrophic and autotrophic conditions were investigated. Overall, the mixotrophy led to increased cell growth as well as to a higher accumulation of lipids independent of N source, followed by a decrease in photosynthesis over the growth phases. In mixotrophy, urea stimulates growth in terms of cell number and dry weight. Furthermore, higher photosynthesis was verified in late logarithmic phase compared to ammonium. Under autotrophy conditions, although cell number and biomass were reduced, there was higher production of starch independent of N source. Nonetheless, urea-based autotrophic treatments stimulated biomass production compared to ammonium-based treatment. Under mixotrophy higher input of carbon into the cell from acetate and urea optimized photosynthesis and consequently promoted cell growth. Together, these results suggest urea as alternative source of carbon, improving photosynthesis and cell growth in C. reinhardtii.

Factors associated with the permission for child vaccination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic / Factores asociados al permiso de vacunación infantil en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19 / Fatores associados à permissão da vacinação infantil no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify factors associated with permission for child vaccination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Cross-sectional study, with parents/guardians of children aged up to 1 year, 11 months and 29 days, aged 18 years or older, with internet access and residents of the state of Alagoas. The collection was conducted between June 2021 and April 2022, using a structured instrument via Google forms®. Fisher's Exact and Pearson's chi-square statistical tests were used. Results: A total of 94 parents/guardians participated. There was an association between permission for child vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic and higher education level of parents/guardians, with the lack of an educational bond with the child, and between parents/guardians who would allow the application of the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: Permission for child vaccination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with higher education level of parents/guardians and the absence of educational bond of the child.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a permitir la vacunación infantil en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Estudio transversal, con padres/tutores de niños de hasta 1 año, 11 meses y 29 días, con edad igual o superior a 18 años, con acceso a internet y residentes en el estado de Alagoas. La recolección se realizó entre junio de 2021 y abril de 2022, utilizando un instrumento estructurado a través de Google Forms®. Se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas Exacto de Fisher y chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Participaron 94 padres/tutores. Hubo asociación entre el permiso para la vacunación infantil durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y la escolaridad superior de los padres/tutores, con la falta de vínculo educativo con el niño, y entre los padres/tutores que permitirían la aplicación de la vacuna contra el COVID-19, si disponible. Conclusión: El permiso para la vacunación infantil en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 se asoció con la educación superior de los padres/tutores y la falta de vínculos educativos para el niño.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados à permissão da vacinação infantil no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Estudo transversal, com pais/responsáveis de crianças com até 1 ano 11 meses e 29 dias, idade maior ou igual a 18 anos, acesso à internet e residentes no estado de Alagoas. A coleta foi realizada entre junho de 2021 e abril de 2022, por instrumento estruturado via Google Forms®. Utilizou-se os testes estatísticos Exato de Fisher e o Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Participaram 94 pais/responsáveis. Houve associação da permissão da vacinação infantil durante a pandemia da COVID-19 com uma maior escolaridade dos pais/responsáveis, com a ausência de vínculo educacional da criança e entre os pais/responsáveis que permitiriam a aplicação da vacina da COVID-19, caso estivesse disponível. Conclusão: A permissão da vacinação infantil no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19 foi associada a maior escolaridade dos pais/responsáveis e a ausência de vinculação educacional da criança.

Exercise of professional autonomy of intensive care nurses in the pandemic scenario / Ejercicio de la autonomía profesional de los enfermeros intensivistas en el escenario de pandemia / Exercício da autonomia profissional de enfermeiros intensivistas no cenário pandêmico

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the exercise of professional autonomy of intensive care nurses during times of the new coronavirus pandemic. Method: A descriptive, qualitative study, conducted with 19 nurses from Intensive Care Units of two public hospitals and one private hospital. The information was produced from October 2020 to January 2021, through semi-structured interviews, using content analysis in thematic modality, guided by Eliot Freidson's Sociology of Professions. Results: Nursesargued that it was difficult, amidst the pandemic, to act with all the prerogatives assigned to them by their social mandate, for various reasons, such as limited knowledge about the disease, fragile teamwork communication, and scarcity of material and human resources. Conclusion: The exercise of professional autonomy is shaped by the confrontation of multiple factors that impact the performance of intensive care nurses, especially in a context of pandemic crisis.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el ejercicio de la autonomía profesional de los enfermeros de cuidados intensivos en tiempos de la pandemia del nuevo coronavirus. Método: Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, realizado con 19 enfermeros de Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos de dos hospitales públicos y un hospital privado. La información fue producida de octubre de 2020 a enero de 2021, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, utilizando análisis de contenido en la modalidad temática, a la luz de la Sociología de las Profesiones de Eliot Freidson. Resultados: Los enfermeros argumentaron que hubo dificultad, en medio de la pandemia, para actuar con todas las prerrogativas que les atribuye su mandato social, por diversas causas, como conocimiento limitado sobre la enfermedad, comunicación frágil en el trabajo en equipo y escasez de recursos materiales y humanos. Conclusión: El ejercicio de la autonomía profesional se configura a partir del enfrentamiento de múltiples factores que impactan la actuación de los enfermeros de cuidados intensivos, especialmente en un contexto de crisis pandémica.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o exercício da autonomia profissional de enfermeiros intensivistas em tempos de pandemia do novo coronavírus. Método: Estudo descritivo, de natureza qualitativa, realizado com 19 enfermeiros de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de dois hospitais públicos e um privado. As informações foram produzidas de outubro de 2020 a janeiro de 2021, mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas, utilizando a análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática, à luz da Sociologia das Profissões de Eliot Freidson. Resultados Os enfermeiros argumentaram que houve dificuldade, em meio à pandemia, de atuarem com todas as prerrogativas que seu mandato social lhes atribui, devido a várias causas,tais como: o conhecimento limitado acerca da doença, a comunicação frágil no trabalho em equipe e a escassez de recursos materiais e humanos. Conclusão: O exercício da autonomia profissional se configura a partir do enfrentamento de múltiplos fatores que impactam a atuação dos enfermeiros intensivistas, sobretudo numa conjuntura de crise pandêmica.

A infodemia COVID-19 à luz da teoria da complexidade de Edgar Morin: um estudo de reflexão

Objetivo: Refletir sobre a infodemia da COVID-19 sob a luz da Teoria da Complexidade de Edgar Morin e seus três principais principios, a saber o princípio dialógico, da recursão organizacional e hologramático. Metodologia: Trata-se de ensaio teórico de caráter reflexivo da literatura acerca da infodemia de COVID-19 sob a luz da Teoria da Complexidade de Edgar Morin. Resultados: Interrelacionando o princípio dialógico com a infodemia, pode-se refletir sobre a relação da ambivalência complexa entre a desinformação e informações validadas cientificamente e dos diversos conteúdos dissipados nos meios de comunicação. Ressalta-se que é necessário realizar uma síntese coerente e confiável sobre os conteúdos abordados e amplamente difundidos. A infodemia de COVID-19 submerge de uma intenção que ocorre nas entrelinhas dos meios de comunicação, e nessa intencionalidade há participação direta da sociedade. Compreende-se que a desinformação se amplia na medida em que a produção de conteúdo aumenta, nesse sentido, a desinformação produz a infodemia que, consequentemente, é produzida também pela desinformação. É possível refletir sobre a infodemia através da noção de que está pode influenciar e ser influenciada pelo todo, envolvendo assim, questões que atravessam a saúde pública, a economia, a política, ao mesmo tempo que é fomentada e influenciada por esses eixos específicos. Considerações finais: Os princípios do pensamento complexo, constituem-se como elementos que auxiliam a compreensão do fenômeno infodemia sua influência no contexto informacional. Espera-se que este estudo reflexivo possa contribuir para que sejam mitigadas as repercussões da infodemia no cotidiano dos usuários das redes de informação.

Objective: To reflect on the COVID-19 infodemic in the light of Edgar Morin's Complexity Theory and its three main principles, namely the dialogic principle, organizational and hologrammatic recursion. Methodology: This is a theoretical essay with a reflective character of the literature on the COVID-19 infodemic in the light of Edgar Morin's Complexity Theory. Result: Interrelating the dialogic principle with the infodemic, one can reflect on the relationship of the complex ambivalence between disinformation and scientifically validated information and the various contents dissipated in the media. It is noteworthy that it is necessary to carry out a coherent and reliable synthesis of the contents covered and widely disseminated. The COVID-19 infodemic is submerged in an intention that occurs between the lines of the media, and in this intention, there is direct participation by society. It is understood that disinformation increases as the production of content increases, in this sense, disinformation produces the infodemic which, consequently, is also produced by disinformation. It is possible to reflect on the infodemic through the notion that it can influence and be influenced by the whole, thus involving issues that cross public health, the economy, politics, at the same time that it is fostered and influenced by these specific axes. Final considerations: the principles of complex thinking are elements that help the understanding of the infodemic phenomenon and its influence in the informational context. It is hoped that this reflective study can contribute to mitigate the repercussions of the infodemic in the daily lives of users of information networks.

Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre la infodemia de la COVID-19 a la luz de la Teoría de la Complejidad de Edgar Morin y sus tres principios fundamentales, a saber, el principio dialógico, el organizativo y el hologramático de la recursividad. Metodología: Se trata de un ensayo teórico con carácter reflexivo de la literatura sobre la infodemia del COVID-19 a la luz de la Teoría de la Complejidad de Edgar Morin. Resultados: Interrelacionando el principio dialógico con la infodemia, se puede reflexionar sobre la relación de la compleja ambivalencia entre la desinformación y la información científicamente validada y los diversos contenidos disipados en los medios. Cabe destacar que es necesario realizar una síntesis coherente y confiable de los contenidos abordados y ampliamente difundidos. La infodemia del COVID-19 está sumergida en una intención que se da entre líneas mediáticas y en esa intención hay una participación directa de la sociedad. Se entiende que la desinformación se expande a medida que aumenta la producción de contenidos. En ese sentido, la desinformación produce la infodemia que, en consecuencia, también es producida por la desinformación. Es posible reflexionar sobre la infodemia a partir de la noción de que puede influir y ser influenciada por el conjunto, involucrando así cuestiones que cruzan la salud pública, la economía, la política, al tiempo que es fomentada e influenciada por estos ejes específicos. Consideraciones finales: Los principios del pensamiento complejo son elementos que ayudan a la comprensión del fenómeno infodémico y su influencia en el contexto informacional. Se espera que este estudio reflexivo pueda contribuir a mitigar las repercusiones de la infodemia en la cotidianidad de los usuarios de las redes de información.

Implementação de Prontuário Eletrônico por profissionais médicos e enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde / Implementation of Electronic Medical Records by physicians and nurses in Primary Health Care

Objetivo: Avaliar a implementação o Prontuário Eletrônico do Cidadão da estratégia e-SUS na Atenção Primária a Saúde pelos médicos e enfermeiros de duas macrorregiões de saúde de Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo de método misto explanatório sequencial quanti-qualitativo. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um formulário online. Foi construída uma matriz de análise e julgamento para avaliar e ponderar as questões avaliativas no instrumento de coleta. Resultados: De maneira geral, o grau de implementação de cada uma das funcionalidades (assistenciais e gerenciais) foi classificado como não adequado, mas há diferença quando se compara as profissões. Os dados mostram que a medicina quando comparada com a enfermagem tem a utilização do prontuário com escore menor, indicando que médicos informaram usar menos o prontuário eletrônico do que os enfermeiros. Conclusões: Apesar dos grandes esforços governamentais para expandir a implantação do prontuário eletrônico, sua implementação, de forma geral, ainda não é adequada. Dessa forma, a utilização do prontuário eletrônico como potencial qualificador de dados em saúde deve ser estimulada em direção à gestão e coordenação do cuidado(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the implementation of the Electronic Citizen's Record of the e-SUS strategy in Primary Health Care by physicians and nurses from two health macro-regions in Minas Gerais. Methods: Estudio de método mixto explicativo secuencial cuantitativo-cualitativo. Data collection took place through an online form. An analysis and judgment matrix were built to evaluate and weigh the evaluative questions in the collection instrument. Results: In general, the degree of implementation of each of the functionalities (assistance and management) was classified as not adequate, but there is a difference when comparing the professions. The data show that medicine, when compared to nursing, uses the medical record with a lower score, indicating that physicians reported using the electronic medical record less than nurses. Conclusions: Despite major government efforts to expand the implementation of electronic medical records, its implementation, in general, is still not adequate. Thus, the use of electronic medical records as a potential qualifier of health data should be encouraged towards the management and coordination of care(AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar la implementación del Registro Ciudadano Electrónico de la estrategia e-SUS en la Atención Primaria de Salud por médicos y enfermeros de dos macrorregiones de salud de Minas Gerais. Métodos: La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un formulario en línea, se construyó una matriz de análisis y juicio para evaluar y ponderar las preguntas evaluativas del instrumento de recolección. Resultados: En general, el grado de implantación de cada una de las funcionalidades (asistencia y gestión) fue catalogado como no adecuado, pero hay diferencias, al comparar las profesiones. Los datos muestran que la medicina, en comparación con la enfermería, utiliza la historia clínica con una puntuación más baja, lo que indica que los médicos utilizan menos la historia clínica electrónica que las enfermeras. Conclusiones: A pesar de los grandes esfuerzos gubernamentales por ampliar la implementación de la historia clínica electrónica, su implementación, en general aún no es adecuada. Por lo tanto, se debe fomentar el uso de la historia clínica electrónica como potencial calificador de datos de salud para la gestión y coordinación de la atención(AU)

Incidencia de endocarditis infecciosa en un servicio de neonatología centro de referencia nacional en el período 2009-2019 / Incidence of infective endocarditis in a national reference neonatology department in 2009-2019 / Incidência de endocardite infecciosa no departamento de neonatologia de referência nacional no período 2009-2019

La endocarditis infecciosa es una enfermedad rara en pediatría, principalmente en la etapa neonatal pero con una importante morbimortalidad. Existen factores de riesgo definidos, sin embargo el diagnóstico, principalmente en recién nacidos, continúa siendo un desafío. En este trabajo se presenta un relevamiento en 10 años, 5 casos de endocarditis infecciosa confirmada en recién nacidos y se analizan las características clínicas, estudios paraclínicos, agentes infeccioso, tratamiento realizado y asociación con factores de riesgo en esta población.

Infective endocarditis is a rare disease in pediatrics, mainly in neonates, even though it involves significant morbidity and mortality. There are defined risk factors; however, regarding diagnosis and mainly for the case of newborns, it continues to be a challenge. In this paper, we present a 10-year research and follow-up of 5 confirmed cases of infective endocarditis in newborns and their clinical characteristics, paraclinical studies, infectious agents, treatment and association with risk factors in this population

A endocardite infecciosa é uma doença rara em pediatria, principalmente na fase neonatal, mas apresenta significativa morbidade e mortalidade. Existem fatores de risco definidos, porém o diagnóstico, principalmente em recém-nascidos, continua sendo um desafio. Este paper apresenta uma pesquisa de 10 anos de 5 casos de endocardite infecciosa confirmada em recém-nascidos e analisa as suas características clínicas, estudos para clínicos, agentes infecciosos, tratamento e associação com fatores de risco nesta população.

Avaliação multidimensional de pessoas idosas na Atenção Primária à Saúde: uma revisão de escopo / Multidimensional geriatric assessment in primary care: a scoping review

Resumo Objetivo mapear as publicações referentes à avaliação multidimensional de pessoas idosas no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo desenvolvida utilizando a metodologia Resultados foi incluída uma amostra total de 19 evidências para análise qualitativa, de variados delineamentos, com predominância do tipo transversal e em sua maioria na língua inglesa. Verificaram-se três dimensões que compõem a avaliação; instrumentos desenvolvidos aplicáveis à Atenção Primária; dois tipos de tecnologias da informação utilizadas para instrumentalizar a avaliação e achados relevantes sobre a prática. Conclusão esta revisão encontrou propostas de ferramentas construídas a partir de diversos instrumentos existentes. Devem ser criadas estratégias para atender aos idosos de forma rápida e factível. Foram verificados domínios prevalentes presentes nos instrumentos, constituindo-se como importantes quando se pensa em avaliar amplamente e de forma específica a população idosa.

Abstract Objective to map the publications on multidimensional geriatric assessment in the primary care setting. Method A scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was carried out on the databases Web of Science, Scopus, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude (LILACS). The studies addressed the population of older people aged ≥60 years, the concept of multidimensional assessment and the primary care setting. Results a total sample of 19 publications was included for qualitative analysis. The studies selected were of different designs (predominantly cross-sectional) and most were in English. The evaluation comprised three dimensions; instruments developed applicable to primary care; two types of information technologies used to support the evaluation; and the relevant findings about the practice. Conclusion this review identified tools that were based on several existing instruments. Strategies should be tailored for assessing older individuals in a quick feasible manner. Specific domains were commonly present in the instruments, considered important for providing a comprehensive assessment tailored for the older population.

[Neuropsychological side effects of combined hormonal contraceptives for the treatment of mild symptoms. Bioethical assessment of its adequacy]. / Efectos secundarios neuropsicológicos de los anticonceptivos hormonales combinados para el tratamiento de síntomas leves. Valoración bioética de su adecuación.

Since the beginning of the commercialization, in 1960, of combined estrogen-progestin hormonal contraceptives (CHCs), their use has become widespread for other non-contraceptive indications: dysmenorrhea, irregular cycle length, hypermenorrhea and acne, among others (Lete, 2009; Barranco, 2016). In all cases, these are mild pathologies or minor symptoms for which there are effective therapeutic alternatives. Millions of women in the world receive this treatment, which acts by inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian hormonal axis (HHO Axis), the central axis and regulator of the entire sexual and reproductive physiology of women. Despite the existence of an enormous number of women subjected to this inhibition (ACHs are currently used by some 214 million women around the world, with an annual market of close to 18 billion dollars), very little research has been done on the consequences of suppressing the HHO axis. Only in recent years, and in parallel to the demonstration of the existence of functional receptors for gonadotropins at different levels in the central and peripheral nervous systems, have publications on the neuropsychological effects of HCAs begun to appear. It is also striking that, despite being the most widely used drugs and for the longest time for the treatment of functional gynecological disorders, their use is outside the technical data sheet (i.e., they are used for purposes other than those listed in the official indication approved in their technical data sheet and which appear in the package insert). Although the use of these hormonal products causes a wide variety of side effects, which have been widely studied in the medical literature, the present study proposes, after an exposition of the different aspects of the use of HCAs, a detailed review of the available literature on the neuropsychological effects due to the annulment of the HHO axis. This in order to, after a biological analysis, subsequently establish whether there is an ethical appropriateness in the use that concerns us.

Incidencia y características de los pacientes portadores de defectos congénitos en el Servicio de Neonatología del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell 2016-2020: 5 años de experiencia / Incidence and characteristics of patients with congenital defects at the Pereira Rossell Hospital's Neonatology Department in 2016-2020: 5 years experience / Incidência e características dos pacientes com defeitos congênitos no Serviço de Neonatologia do Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell 2016-2020: 5 anos de experiencia

Los defectos congénitos son alteraciones morfológicas que se originan durante la vida intrauterina que se presentan hasta en un 5% de los recién nacidos vivos. Tienen múltiples etiologías, siendo esta multifactorial en el 90% de los casos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo, descriptivo incluyendo a todos los recién nacidos portadores de defectos congénitos en el período 2016-2020. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la incidencia de defectos congénitos en recién nacidos del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell en el período mencionado, así como conocer su distribución por aparatos y sistemas, las características demográficas de esta población, la prevalencia de diagnóstico prenatal y la exposición materna a factores de riesgo durante la organogénesis. Se obtuvo una incidencia de 1,7% (423 recién nacidos afectados en 24.870 nacimientos), de los cuales el 34,98% contaba con diagnóstico prenatal. El sistema cardiovascular fue el que presentó una mayor frecuencia de alteraciones, y el defecto congénito más frecuentemente observado individualmente fue la gastrosquisis, con una incidencia de 15,28 cada 10.000 nacidos vivos. La diabetes gestacional se presentó en el 17,25% de las gestantes. Este trabajo nos permitió conocer la incidencia de defectos congénitos, así como su distribución por aparatos y sistemas. Este tipo de sistemas de vigilancia resultan fundamentales para identificar elementos a mejorar, que permitan disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad de estos pacientes y también identificar precozmente factores de riesgo que aumenten estas patologías de forma significativa.

Congenital birth defects are morphological disturbances originated during gestation and present in up to 5% of live births. They have multiple etiologies, in 90% of cases of multifactorial origin. A longitudinal, prospective, observational study was carried out and it included all patients with congenital birth defects in 2016-2020. The main objective of this study was to determine the incidence of newborns with congenital birth defects between 2016 and 2020, to determine their distribution by organ, to describe their demographic characteristics, to calculate the prevalence of prenatal diagnosis and to identify maternal risk factors. We obtained an incidence of 1,7% (423 affected newborns in 24870 live births), 34,98% had prenatal diagnoses. The cardiovascular system was the most frequently affected and when classified by individual birth defect, the most frequently observed was gastroschisis with 15.28 cases in 10,000 live births. Gestational diabetes was the maternal risk factor most frequently observed with 17, 25%. This study enabled us to know the incidence of congenital birth defects and their distribution by different organs at our center. These surveillance systems are key to identify areas of potential improvement that might enable us to mitigate morbidity and mortality in this group of patients.

Os defeitos congênitos são alterações morfológicas que se originam durante a vida intrauterina e ocorrem em até 5% dos recém-nascidos vivos. Possuem múltiplas etiologias, sendo multifatoriais em 90% dos casos. Realizou-se um estudo observacional, prospectivo e descritivo incluindo todos os recém-nascidos com defeitos congênitos no período 2016-2020. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a incidência de defeitos congênitos em recém-nascidos do Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell no período 2016-2020, bem como conhecer sua distribuição por órgãos e sistemas, as características demográficas dessa população, a prevalência de diagnóstico pré-natal e exposição materna a fatores de risco durante a organogênese. Obteve-se uma incidência de 1,7% (423 recém-nascidos afetados em 24.870 nascimentos), dos quais 34,98% tiveram diagnóstico pré-natal. O sistema cardiovascular foi o que apresentou maior frequência de alterações, e o defeito congênito mais observado individualmente foi a gastrosquise com incidência de 15,28 em cada 10.000 nascidos vivos. O diabetes gestacional ocorreu em 17,25% das gestantes. Este paper permitiu conhecer a incidência de defeitos congênitos, bem como sua distribuição por órgãos e sistemas. Estes tipos de sistemas de vigilância são essenciais para identificar elementos a melhorar, que permitam reduzir a morbilidade e mortalidade desses pacientes e também identificar precocemente fatores de risco que aumentam significativamente essas patologias.

A saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem frente à pandemia do COVID-19: Revisão de literatura / La salud mental de los profesionales de enfermería frente a la pandemia del COVID-19: Revisión de la literatura / The mental health of nursing professionals against the COVID-19 pandemic: Literature review

Objetivo:analisar a saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem frente à pandemia do COVID-19. Método:trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizadaem 2021,através da questão norteadora: "Qual o impacto da pandemia da Covid-19 na saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem?". Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados bases de dados como LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO e BDENF, com auxilio dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), obedecendo alguns critérios de inclusão para a seleção dos estudos, sendoas buscas realizadas entre os meses de maio a agosto de 2021, com intervalo de revisão de 2019 a 2021. Resultado:elaborou-se uma matriz de síntese dos artigos selecionados, para análise dos dados.Conclusão: destaca-se que esses profissionais estão mais suceptivéis a desenvolverem transtornos mentais, visto que a todo tempo lidam com situações causadoras de um alto nível de estresse e ansiedade, além da necessidade de tomada de decisão de maneira rápida(AU)

Objective: to analyze the mental health of nursing professionals in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this is an integrative review, carried out in 2021, through the guiding question: "What is the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of nursing professionals?". For data collection, databases such as LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO and BDENF were used, with the help of the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS), following some inclusion criteria for the selection of studies, and the searches were carried out between the months from May to August 2021, with a review interval from 2019 to 2021. Result: a synthesis matrix of selected articles was prepared for data analysis. Conclusion: it is noteworthy that these professionals are more susceptible to developing mental disorders, as they constantly deal with situations that cause a high level of stress and anxiety, in addition to the need for quick decision-making.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la salud mental de los profesionales de enfermería frente a la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: tratar- a partir de una revisión integradora, realizada en 2021, a través de la pregunta orientadora: "Cuál es el impacto de la pandemia del Covid-19 en la salud mental de los profesionales de enfermería?". Para la recolección de datos se utilizan bases de datos como LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO y BDENF, con ayuda de los Descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS), obedeciendo a unos criterios de inclusión para la selección de estudios, realizándose las búsquedas entre los meses de mayo a agosto de 2021, con un intervalo de revisión de 2019 a 2021. Resultado: se elaboró ​​una matriz resumen de los artículos seleccionados para el análisis de datos que estos profesionales son más propensos a desarrollar trastornos mentales, ya que se ocupan de situaciones que provocan un alto nivel de estrés y ansiedad, además de la necesidad de una rápida toma de decisiones.(AU)

Efectos secundarios neuropsicológicos de los anticonceptivos hormonales combinados para el tratamiento de síntomas leves. Valoración bioética de su adecuación / Neuropsychological side effects of combined hormonal contraceptives for the treatment of mild symptoms. Bioethical assessment of its adequacy

Desde el comienzo de la comercialización, en 1960, de los anticonceptivos hormonales combinados deestrógenos y progestágenos (ACH), se ha generalizado su utilización para otras indicaciones no anticoncep-tivas: dismenorrea, ciclos de duración irregular, hipermenorrea y acné, entre otros (Lete, 2009; Barranco,2016). En todos los casos se tratan de patologías leves o síntomas menores para los que existen alternativasterapéuticas eficaces. Millones de mujeres en el mundo reciben este tratamiento, que actúa inhibiendoel eje hormonal hipotalámico-hipofisárico-ovárico (Eje HHO), eje central y regulador de toda la fisiologíasexual y reproductiva de la mujer. Pese a la existencia de una enorme cantidad de mujeres sometidas a estainhibición (actualmente los ACH son utilizados por unos 214 millones de mujeres alrededor del mundo,con un mercado anual cercano a los 18.000 millones de dólares), se ha investigado muy poco sobre lasconsecuencias de la supresión del eje HHO. Sólo en los últimos años, y en paralelo a la demostración de laexistencia de receptores funcionales para las gonadotropinas a diferentes niveles en los sistemas nerviososcentral y periférico, comienzan a aparecer publicaciones sobre los efectos neuropsicológicos de los ACH.Llama también la atención que, pese a ser los fármacos más empleados y desde hace más tiempo para eltratamiento de las alteraciones funcionales ginecológicas, su uso esté al margen de la ficha técnica (es de-cir, se les da un uso diferente a los recogidos en la indicación oficial aprobada en su ficha técnica y que figu-ra en el prospecto). Aunque el uso de estos productos hormonales causa efectos secundarios muy variados,y ampliamente estudiados en la literatura médica, en el presente estudio se plantea, tras una exposiciónde los distintos aspectos del uso de los ACH, una revisión pormenorizada de la bibliografía disponible sobrelos efectos neuropsicológicos debidos a la anulación del eje HHO.(AU)

Since the beginning of the commercialization, in 1960, of combined estrogen-progestin hormonal con-traceptives (CHCs), their use has become widespread for other non-contraceptive indications: dysmenorrhea,irregular cycle length, hypermenorrhea and acne, among others (Lete, 2009; Barranco, 2016). In all cases, the-se are mild pathologies or minor symptoms for which there are effective therapeutic alternatives. Millions ofwomen in the world receive this treatment, which acts by inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian hor-monal axis (HHO Axis), the central axis and regulator of the entire sexual and reproductive physiology of wo-men. Despite the existence of an enormous number of women subjected to this inhibition (ACHs are currentlyused by some 214 million women around the world, with an annual market of close to 18 billion dollars), verylittle research has been done on the consequences of suppressing the HHO axis. Only in recent years, and inparallel to the demonstration of the existence of functional receptors for gonadotropins at different levelsin the central and peripheral nervous systems, have publications on the neuropsychological effects of HCAsbegun to appear. It is also striking that, despite being the most widely used drugs and for the longest timefor the treatment of functional gynecological disorders, their use is outside the technical data sheet (i.e., theyare used for purposes other than those listed in the official indication approved in their technical data sheetand which appear in the package insert). Although the use of these hormonal products causes a wide varietyof side effects, which have been widely studied in the medical literature, the present study proposes, afteran exposition of the different aspects of the use of HCAs, a detailed review of the available literature on theneuropsychological effects due to the annulment of the HHO axis.(AU)

Dilemas éticos durante a pandemia de covid-19 / Ethical dilemmas during the COVID-19 pandemic / Dilemas éticos durante la pandemia del covid-19

Resumo Este artigo objetiva refletir acerca dos dilemas éticos enfrentados pelos profissionais de saúde, pacientes e familiares durante a pandemia da covid-19. A pandemia irrompeu questões éticas na saúde, ocasionadas pela falta de recursos materiais, humanos e o medo do desconhecido. Pacientes e familiares também foram afetados pelo distanciamento na internação e no luto. Profissionais da saúde depararam com dilemas éticos que suscitam questões sobre o dever de assistir o paciente e a garantia da segurança pessoal, lidando com o desafio de agir com ética em meio à sobrecarga e à insegurança do contexto. A família e os pacientes enfrentam um cenário de adaptação do cuidar em saúde com a carência de tecnologias que permitam acolhimento diante da necessidade de distanciamento, inclusive no processo dos rituais de despedida dos finados. Assim, investimentos em saúde podem impulsionar mudanças no cuidado, em observância da justiça social e do respeito à dignidade humana.

Abstract This article aims to reflect on the ethical dilemmas faced by health professionals, patients and family members during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic raised ethical issues in health caused by the lack of material and human resources and the fear of the unknown. Patients and family members were also affected by social distancing in hospitalization and mourning. Health profissionals faced ethical dilemmas that raise questions about the duty to assist patients and the guarantee of personal safety, dealing with the challenge of acting ethically amid work overload and insecurity of the context. The family and patients face a scenario of adaptation of health care with the lack of technologies that allow feelings of care in the face of the need for distancing, including in the process of farewell rituals of the late. Investments in health can thus drive changes in care, in compliance with social justice and respect for human dignity.

Resumen Este artículo reflexionó sobre los dilemas éticos que enfrentan los profesionales de la salud, los pacientes y familiares durante la pandemia del covid-19. La pandemia hizo estallar cuestiones éticas en salud, provocadas por la falta de recursos materiales y humanos, y el miedo a lo desconocido. Los pacientes y sus familias fueron afectados por el distanciamiento en la hospitalización y el duelo. Los profesionales de la salud afrontaron dilemas éticos en cuanto al deber de asistir al paciente y la garantía de seguridad personal, y el desafío de actuar éticamente durante la sobrecarga e inseguridad en ese contexto. Los pacientes y sus familias enfrentan una adaptación de la atención a la falta de tecnología para acogerles ante el distanciamiento, incluso en el proceso de despedida al difunto. Las inversiones en salud pueden promover cambios en la atención en observancia de la justicia social y el respeto a la dignidad humana.

Implantação do prontuário eletrônico à luz da teoria da difusão da inovação: estudo de caso / Implementation of the electronic medical record based on the theory of the innovation diffusion: a case study / Implantación del historial clínico electrónico en vista de la teoría de la difusión de la innovación: estudio de caso

OBJETIVO: analisar a difusão do Prontuário Eletrônico do Cidadão em equipes de saúde da família de um município da Região Oeste de Minas Gerais. MÉTODO: estudo de caso, abordagem qualitativa, fundamentado na Teoria da Difusão da Inovação. Realizamos 17 entrevistas estruturadas com profissionais e observações do cotidiano de trabalho de 08 equipes de saúde da família envolvidas na utilização do prontuário eletrônico do cidadão. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo modali-dade Temático-Categorial. RESULTADOS: os participantes reconheceram o prontuário eletrônico do cidadão como mais vantajoso do que a tecnologia anterior: compatível com suas necessidades, não é uma tecnologia complexa. Apesar do pouco tempo de experimentação, foram reconhecidos os resultados e as contribuições da tecnologia. CONCLUSÃO: o prontuário eletrônico do cidadão, em seu processo de difusão, tem-se conformado como uma inovação potencialmente transformadora do cotidiano de trabalho, favorecendo a aceitação. Entretanto, há fragilidades a serem superadas.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the diffusion of the Electronic Medical Record of the Citizen within family health teams at a district in the West Region of Minas Gerais State. METHOD: A case study, qualitative approach, based on the Innovation Diffusion Theory. We carried out 17 structured interviews with professionals and observations of the daily routine of eight family health teams that used the Electronic Medical Record of the Citizen (EMRC). Data were analyzed by means of Content Analysis, the Thematic-Categorical modality. RESULTS: The participants identified the Electronic Medical Record of the Citizen as more advantageous than the previous technology ­ compatible with their needs, not a complex technology. Despite the short experimentation period, the results and the contributions of this technology were acknowledged. CONCLUSION: Over its diffusion period, the Electronic Medical Record of the Citizen has been proving to be a potentially able innovation to transform daily activities, furthering receptive attitudes. Nevertheless, there are fragile situations to be overcome

OBJETIVO: analizar la difusión del "Prontuário Electrônico do Cidadão" (Historial Clínico Electrónico del Ciudadano) en equipos de salud de la familia de un municipio de la región oeste del estado brasileño de Minas Gerais. MÉTODO: estudio de caso, enfoque cualitativo, basado en la teoría de la difusión de la innovación. Se llevaron a cabo 17 entrevistas estructuradas con profesionales y observaciones de la vida laboral diaria de 8 equipos de salud de la familia que participan en el uso del historial clínico electrónico del ciudadano. Los datos se analizaron por medio del análisis de contenido, modalidad temático categorial. RESULTADOS: los participantes reconocieron que el historial clínico electrónico del ciudadano es más ventajoso que la tecnología anterior: compatible con sus necesidades, no es una tecnología compleja. A pesar del corto tiempo de experi-mentación, ya se han reconocido los resultados y las contribuciones de la tecnología. CONCLUSIÓN: el historial clínico electrónico del ciudadano, en su proceso de difusión, se ha configurado como una innovación potencialmente transformadora en la vida laboral cotidiana, favoreciendo su aceptación. Sin embargo, hay puntos débiles que superar.