Estrutura curricular dos cursos de graduação em Odontologia nos países constituintes do Mercosul / Curricular structure of Mercosur countries' Dentistry undergraduate programs

Este estudo objetivouanalisar a organização curricular dos cursos degraduação emOdontologia nos países membros doMercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul), tendo como base a estrutura de agrupamento de conteúdos essenciais estabelecida pela Resolução CNE/CES nº 3, de 19 de fevereiro de 2002e ratificada pela Resolução nº3, de 21 de junho de 2021. A seleção de cursos foirealizada a partir de dados existentes em órgãos governamentais dos diferentes países identificados como universo de estudo, assim como na base de dados Universia. A amostra foiconstituída pelos currículos desses cursosobtidos nos sitesde suas respectivas instituições, sendo 141 cursos incluídos no Brasil, 8 na Argentina, 2 no Paraguaie 2 no Uruguai.As cargas horárias das disciplinas constituintes das matrizes curriculares destes cursos foramsomadas, de acordo com o Artigo 6° das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) Brasileiras, sendo este subdividido em Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Ciências Humanas e Sociais e Ciências Odontológicas. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. A análise dos resultados permite concluir que hásimilaridade, atual, de estrutura curricular,com algumas características a serem salientadas como a maior carga-horária exigida no Paraguai e a menor, no Brasil. Outros estudos relacionados com a temática, utilizando outras formas de coleta de dados e percursos metodológicos,são imprescindíveis para que se possa avaliar possibilidades de aproximação e trânsito livre de egressos, visando um perfil profissiográfico regional,que favoreça apossibilidade de, no futuro, estabelecer uma estratégia de "formação para a integração"nos Estados Partesdo Mercosul (AU).

This study analyzes the curricular organization of the Dentistry Courses in Mercosur member countries, based on the essential contents'grouping structure, established by the Resolution CNE / CES n. 3 of February 19, 2002. The programs' selection was carried out from existing data of the government agencies of the different countries studied, and in the Universia database. The sample consisted of the curricula of these programs obtained in the websites of their respective institutions, comprising 141 Brazilian programs, 8 Argentinian, 2 Paraguayan, and 2Uruguayan. The hourly loads of the disciplines of the curricular matrices of these courses were added, according to the Article 6 of the "Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais" (DCN -Brazilian National Curricular Guidelines), which is subdivided into Biological and Health Sciences, Human and Social Sciences, and Dental Sciences. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The software used for statistical analysis was SPSS version 22.0. The analysis of the results leads to the conclusion that there is currently a similarity inthe countries' curricular structure. Eventual adjustments should be made to achieve a regional professional profile, to establish in the future a strategy of "training for integration" that allows the free passage of Dentistry graduates in Mercosur Member States (AU).

Evaluation of effect of a vitamin-based barrier cream on the clinical severity of actinic cheilitis: A preliminary study.

BACKGROUND: Actinic Cheilitis (AC) is a pathological condition of the labial mucosa considered potentially malignant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of treatment of AC with daily use of a vitamin-based barrier cream. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this clinical study, 36 participants with lower-lip AC were recruited from three oral medicine services. At baseline, participants were evaluated by clinical examination and clinical severity of AC was classified as grade I to IV. All participants were dispensed a tube of a barrier cream containing vitamins A, D, E and ZnO to apply once nightly for 90 consecutive days. Monthly follow-up was performed to reclassify AC clinial severity. The primary outcome of interest was clinical remission of AC at 90-day follow-up compared to baseline. RESULTS: Progressive remission of AC lesions was observed as early as the first month and throughout the assessment period (p = 0.000). The 3-month period was insufficient for remission of lesions, especially among male participants (p = 0.002) and with a longer sun exposure in years (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Daily use of the vitamin-based barrier cream had a promissing positive impact on the severity of actinic cheilitis. However, a 90-day course of treatment was not sufficient to achieve lesions remission. The findings of this study suggest a promising new avenue for the treatment of lower-lip AC. Key words:Actinic cheilitis, vitamins, retinoids, vitamin D, therapeutics.

New Post-COVID-19 Biosafety Protocols in Pediatric Dentistry

Abstract The most recent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - COVID-19 - caused by coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) has high-virulence transmission and direct human contagiousness by proximity. Thus, the considerable occupational risk in pediatric dentistry is evident, given the nature and form of procedures performed in an outpatient setting. Thus, the aim of this paper was to identify and contextualize technical and scientific information available to date aimed at preventing and minimizing risks for patients, caregivers and professionals. The results indicate that protective measures are being developed considering procedures according to risks and benefits, and five points stand out: 1. Regulation of resumption of elective procedures, screening and scheduling patients; 2. Restructuring clinical environment and infection control; 3. Improvement of personal protective equipment and biosafety recommendations; 4. Maximization of the use of non-invasive techniques, use of high-powered dental suction, and absolute isolation of the operative field; and 5. Minimization of the use of air-water syringe, dental spittoon and high-speed handpiece. The measures to be taken require reflection for the restart of a "new clinical practice", especially aiming at behavioral and structural changes regarding operational biosafety.

Effect of heat treatment on cytotoxicity of self-adhesive resin cements: Cell viability analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess, in vitro, the influence on cytotoxicity of heat treatment applied before photopolymerization, while mixing three self-adhesive resin cements, in an NIH/3T3 fibroblast cell culture, based on cell viability measures. METHODS: Samples were divided into three groups: (1) no heat treatment while mixing (control), (2) 37°C, and (3) 60°C heat treatment while mixing. Cements were light-cured immediately after mixing and immersed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media for the extraction of possibly uncured products after 24 h and 7 days. Cultures contained 0.5 mL of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts per well at a concentration of 0.4 × 105 cells/mL and specific extracts for each sample. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls (significance of 5%). RESULTS: Cement cytotoxicity increased with time, as shown by the higher values observed at 7 days. There was a slight difference in intragroup cytotoxicity levels between 24 h and 7 days. Heat treatment at 60°C was associated with a major decrease in cytotoxicity levels in all three groups, both at 24 h and at 7 days, with no differences among the cements. CONCLUSIONS: Heat treatment at 60°C should be considered as a strategy to reduce cytotoxicity of self-adhesive resin cements, as evidenced by the results observed at 24 h and 7 days of analysis.

A successful approach to conrol burning mouth syndrome using matricaria recutita and cognitive therapy.

The burning mouth syndrome (BMS) has no specific clinical and laboratory signs. Its etiology is yet to be elucidated, but it is considered to be affected by multifactorial, psychological, and local and systemic factors. This condition is considered of great morbidity, and the main complaint of patients maybe associated with xerostomia, thirst, and altered taste. The present study aims to report two cases of BMS and to evaluate the outcome of cognitive therapy (CT) plus phytotherapy in the control of BMS. The patients were female, Caucasian, and aged between 58 and 69 years. The most BMS-affected anatomical parts were the lips and the tongue. In the clinical approach, oral and systemic evaluation, and disease management with CT plus chamomile tea were done. The patients were reassured, and their response to therapy one year after was found to be excellent despite few exacerbations in periods of great emotional stress. Thus, we conclude that psychological treatment is vital in the management of BMS, as CT, along with Matricaria recutita phytotherapy, displayed excellent results in the control of BMS. Key words:Anxiety, chamomile tea, xerostomia, psychosomatic.

Novas alternativas terapêuticas para prevenção do câncer labial com produtos à base de extratos naturais com potencial fotoprotetor: uma revisão de literatura

Objetivo: o presente trabalho realiza uma revisão da literaturaa respeito do potencial fotoprotetor de extratos naturaiscontra os efeitos deletérios da radiação solar, dandoênfase à carcinogênese oral e ressaltando os principaistipos de plantas fotoprotetoras nos cenários mundiale nacional. Revisão de literatura: atualmente os extratosde plantas vêm ganhando destaque em pesquisas científicaspor serem considerados uma fonte de fotoproteçãonatural. Vários estudos avaliaram a ação fotoprotetorade produtos naturais contra a radiação ultravioleta, comobjetivo de buscar novas opções de plantas medicinais,para evitar o desenvolvimento de doenças relacionadasà radiação ultravioleta. Alguns extratos representam umafonte segura e eficaz, com condições de contribuir positivamentena prevenção do câncer labial. Entretanto,este campo de estudo é amplo, e muitos biomas regionaiscom potencial ainda não foram amplamente estudados.Dessa forma, mais pesquisas experimentais e clínicassão necessárias para consolidar a ação de produtosnaturais na proteção contra o câncer labial e o câncer depele. Considerações finais: além dos benefícios fotoprotetoresencontrados em extratos de plantas, a utilizaçãode princípios ativos derivados de produtos naturais podegerar um relevante impacto social, uma vez que estimulaa economia da região, promovendo, assim, uma diferenciaçãono crescimento regional.

Assessment of noise intensity in a dental teaching clinic.

OBJECTIVES/AIMS: The aim of this study is to evaluate if the duration of the consultation has influence on the intensity of noise in the dental clinic environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The measurement was performed using the decibelmetre IDETEC 300. It was turned on among 10 dental equipment at basal time (BT) and in the first, second and third hours of activity by 10 times with 1-week interval. RESULTS: The average noise was 67.39±1.11 dB for BT and 82.38±3.85, 80.99±4.78, and 70.06±6.95 dB for hours 1 to 3, respectively, representing a significant difference (ANOVA, F(3.36)=29.28, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: In the first and second hours of clinical care there was more noise intensity in the work environment compared to BT and to the third time. Furthermore, the noise peaks became closer to the limit of 85 dB, which can threaten hearing loss with repeated exposure throughout a dentist's career. DISCUSSION: The findings presented here show how much the dental surgeon is exposed to the level of noise since his time of study.

Actinic cheilitis: proposition and reproducibility of a clinical criterion.

OBJECTIVES/AIMS: The actinic cheilitis (AC) is a precancerous lip lesion seen as a consequence of chronic sun exposure. Clinically, the border between the lip's skin and the semimucosa could be blurred; in the more aggressive cases, leucoplakia and ulcers also represent its clinical feature. It seems that no clinical criterion is universally accepted for this disease yet. Therefore, this study was carried out to make a proposition of a clinical score to actinic cheilitis (Grade I starting from dryness of vermilion to endured ulcers representing Grade IV) and to assess its reproducibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty subjects were assessed, most of whom were male, Caucasian farmers, with an average age of 46.12 (18-74) years. The obtained data were analysed by means of descriptive statistics and by Kappa test to assess the inter-examiners and the clinical Golden-Pattern concordance (95% CI). RESULTS: During calibration, 15 patients were examined three times a week by each examiner (4) until Kappa test observed k=0.8 or more. In the main experiment, the inter-examiner concordance was classified between good (k=0.779; P<0.05) and very good (k=0.925; P<0.05) from the 35 examined subjects. With the Golden-Pattern, it was considered very good (k=0.812; P<0.05 to k=0.925; P<0.05). DISCUSSION: Four examiners with different experiences could strongly suggest that after adequate calibration, it could be well applied by examiners with as much experience as a dental student. CONCLUSIONS: The authors concluded that the proposed classification was easily applied and had a very good reproducibility.

A prevalência da pneumonia nosocomial e sua relação com a doença periodontal: revisão de literatura

Objetivo: o presente trabalho pretende realizar uma revisão de literatura buscando estimar a prevalência da pneumonia nosocomial e verificar se há associação com a doença periodontal. Revisão da literatura: a pneumonia nosocomial é uma infecção do parênquima pulmonar causada por diferentes tipos de agentes etiológicos, resultando no desequilíbrio entre os mecanismos imunitários, especialmente em indivíduos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva. Sua ocorrência é reconhecida como um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo, com um aumento significativo de sua prevalência. A colonização do biofilme dental e a doença periodontal podem ter um papel muito importante como reservatório de microrganismos causadores dessa infecção, uma vez que a pneumonia nosocomial resulta da aspiração da flora da orofaringe para o trato respiratório inferior. Considerações finais: a literatura estudada sugere, seguramente, a relação da doença periodontal no estabelecimento da pneumonia nosocomial. Considerando que no Brasil essa infecção ocorre em um décimo dos pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva, torna-se ainda mais importante o conhecimento da prevalência e de seus fatores associados para se pensar em estratégias eficazes de controle da doença.

O emprego dos anestésicos locais em Odontologia: Revisão de Literatura / The usage of local anesthetics in Dentistry: Review of Literature

Anestésicos locais são usados diariamente nos consultórios odontológicos, existindo vários tipos de soluções contendo ou não vasoconstritores. É consenso na literatura de que não se pode indicar o mesmo anestésico para todos os pacientes, dadas suas características individuais, sua condição sistêmica normal ou a presença de doenças como diabetes ou hipertensão, além da possibilidade da gravidez. O uso inadequado do anestésico pode levar a sérios riscos para a saúde do paciente ou até mesmo ao óbito. Após a análise e discussão dos trabalhos relatados na literatura, a indicação do anestésico local parece ser um pouco negligenciada quanto ao conhecimento científico. Com as inúmeras variáveis sistêmicas do paciente, tipo e dosagem dos anestésicos a maioria dos profissionais e estudantes de Odontologia revelaram dificuldade nesta escolha.

The local anesthetics are used daily in the dental office there are several types of solutions with or without vasoconstrictor. Furthermore, there is consensus in the literature that one cannot indicate the same anesthetic for all patients, given their individual characteristics, their systemic condition normal or being a carrier of diseases such as diabetes or hypertension and the possibility of pregnancy. And the inappropriate use of anesthetic can lead to serious health risks of the patient or even to death. After analysis and discussion of the works reported in the literature they indicate that the local anesthesia seems to be somewhat neglected as scientific knowledge and with numerous systemic variables of the patient, type and dosage of anesthetics most professionals and dental students showed a lot of difficulty in this choice.

Processo de trabalho do sistema de referência e contra-referência da área da Odontologia / Work process of the reference and counterreference dentistry systems

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o processo de trabalho do sistema de referência e contrareferência da área da Odontologia. Para subsidiar a análise normativa e comparativa foram realizadas entrevistas compostas de oito perguntas fechadas dirigidas aos Secretários Municipais de Saúde (SMS) e Coordenadores das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) de uma Coordenadoria Regional da Saúde (CRS) do RS composta por doze municípios. Após a realização das entrevistas os dados foram tabulados em freqüências simples. Para análise comparativa as respostas obtidas nas SMS(s) foram consideradas como padrão ouro para emitir juízo de valor. No final da análise foram identificadas potencialidades e limitações do processo de trabalho da interface de governabilidade municipal. Conclui-se que o processo de trabalho do sistema de referência e contra-referência da área da odontologia deve ser planejado pelos gestores das SMS(s) e UBS(s) com a coordenação da CRS para adequar as necessidades de cada município (AU).

The aim of this study was to analyze the work process of the reference and counter-reference dentistry systems. Interviews were conducted to aid in making a comparative and normative analysis. Eight closed questions were asked, directed at the Municipal Secretaries of Health (SMS) and coordinators of Basic Health Units (UBS) from the same Regional Health Coordinator's Office (CRS), handling 12 municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. After conducting the interviews, the data were tabulated according to simple frequency. For the purpose of comparative analysis, the SMS(s) were considered as the gold standard for issuing value judgments. Once concluded, the analysis identified potentials and limitations of the municipal governability interface work process. We concluded that the work process of reference and counter-reference of the dentistry system should be planned by managers from the SMS(s) and UBS(s) coordinated by the Regional Health Coordinator's Office (CRS) in order to meet the specific needs of each municipality (AU).

Nicotinic stomatitis: positive correlation with heat in maté tea drinks and smoking.

OBJECTIVE: The etiology of nicotinic stomatitis is strongly linked with nicotine compounds; however, high temperature can be synergistic to the damage of tobacco compounds. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the separate and combined effects of smoking and heat applied by hot drinks as predictors for the development of nicotinic stomatitis in a population from southern Brazil. METHOD AND MATERIALS: In a case-control study, 53 patients of both sexes with a median age of 43 years (18 to 83 years) with the clinical diagnosis of nicotinic stomatitis were selected consecutively. They were paired with 53 control subjects, matched for sex, race, and smoking and tea, maté (chimarrão), alcohol, and coffee consumption. The collected data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics; chi-square test and risk estimation were also employed. The independent variables considered significant were analyzed using a multivariate model of multinomial logistic regression (P < .05 was considered statistically significant). RESULTS: Nicotinic stomatitis was more prevalent in smokers (60.00%) than nonsmokers (39.21%) (OR = 2.32; CI 95% 1.06-5.06), and in subjects who drank hot drinks (maté drink and regular tea or coffee) than in subjects who did not drink this combination (OR = 2.84; CI 95% 1.05-7.63). CONCLUSION: The combination of smoking and heat from hot drinks could best predict the appearance of nicotinic stomatitis.

Nódulo em dorso de língua: um exercício de diagnóstico / Nodule in the dorsum of tongue a diagnosis exercise

Este artigo relata o caso de uma lesäo nodular em dorso de lingua em que as hipóteses principais de diagnóstico clínico foram neurilemoma, tumor de células granulares (TCG), neurofibroma, fibroma, hemangioma e linfangioma. Apresenta consideraçöes importantes que favorecem o estabelecimento do diagnóstico diferencial,o quadro histopatológico e o tratamento dessa lesäo, cujo diagnóstico conclusivo foi de TCG

Angina bolhosa hermorrágica: um caso incomum / Angina bullosa haemorrhagica: an unsual case

Os autores apresentam um caso incomum de angina bolhosa hemorrágica (ABH), no qual há a presença de quatro lesöes simultâneas, dispostas duas a duas na mucosa julgal de um paciente do sexo masculino, com 59 anosde idade, bilateralmente. Säo discutidos também aspectos como nomeclatura, diagnóstico e tratamento

Uso de goma de mascar: um método eficiente e seguro para controlar a xerostomia? / The use of chewing gum: an efficient and safe methofd for controlling xerostomia?

Os autores fazem uma revisäo da literatura abordando os conceitos de xerostomia e discutindo a efetividade e segurança da estimulaçäo do fluxo salivar pelo uso de goma de mascar. As evidências indicam que ainda näo há base científica para comprovar o efeito persistente desse método e que mais estudos clínicos säo necessários para esclarecer o tema

Ameloblastoma unicístico: lesöes relacionais / Ameloblastoma unicystic: related lesions

A Organizaçäo Mundial de Saúde (OMS) classificou os tumores odontogênicos considerando a combinaçäo clínica e histológica das lesöes. Por muitos anos, lesöes esporádicas vêm sendo relatadas em decorrência do padräo histológico associado aos tumores odontogênicos. A proposiçäo deste artigo é relatar um caso de ameloblastoma unicístico e discutir as possibilidades quanto ao diagnóstico diferencial entre as lesöes orais