Effectiveness of educational video on deaf people's knowledge and skills for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of an educational video on deaf people's knowledge and skills about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. METHOD: A randomized trial, carried out at three schools with 113 deaf people (control group = 57 and intervention group = 56). After the pre-test, the control group was exposed to the lecture, while the intervention group was exposed to the video. The post-test occurred immediately after the intervention and was repeated after 15 days. A validated instrument was used, with 11 questions, presented in video/Libras (to enable understanding by deaf people) and in written/printed form (to record the answers). RESULTS: In the analysis of knowledge, the median of correct answers in the pre-test was similar between the groups (p = 0.635), while the intervention group had a higher accuracy in the immediate post-test (p = 0.035) and after 15 days (p = 0.026). In the skill analysis, the median of correct answers in the pre-test was higher in the control group (p = 0.031). There was no difference in the immediate post-test (p = 0.770), and there was a higher accuracy in the intervention group in the post-test after 15 days (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: The video proved to be effective in increasing deaf people's knowledge and skills about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-5npmgj.

Effectiveness of educational video on deaf people's knowledge and skills for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomized controlled trial / Efectividad de video educativo sobre conocimiento y habilidad de personas sordas para reanimación cardiopulmonar: ensayo controlado aleatorizado / Efetividade de vídeo educativo no conhecimento e habilidade de surdos para ressuscitação cardiopulmonar: ensaio randomizado controlado

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of an educational video on deaf people's knowledge and skills about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Method: A randomized trial, carried out at three schools with 113 deaf people (control group = 57 and intervention group = 56). After the pre-test, the control group was exposed to the lecture, while the intervention group was exposed to the video. The post-test occurred immediately after the intervention and was repeated after 15 days. A validated instrument was used, with 11 questions, presented in video/Libras (to enable understanding by deaf people) and in written/printed form (to record the answers). Results: In the analysis of knowledge, the median of correct answers in the pre-test was similar between the groups (p = 0.635), while the intervention group had a higher accuracy in the immediate post-test (p = 0.035) and after 15 days (p = 0.026). In the skill analysis, the median of correct answers in the pre-test was higher in the control group (p = 0.031). There was no difference in the immediate post-test (p = 0.770), and there was a higher accuracy in the intervention group in the post-test after 15 days (p = 0.014). Conclusion: The video proved to be effective in increasing deaf people's knowledge and skills about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-5npmgj.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la efectividad de un video educativo sobre el conocimiento y la habilidad de las personas sordas acerca de la reanimación cardiopulmonar. Método: Ensayo aleatorizado, realizado en tres escuelas con 113 personas sordas (grupo control = 57 y grupo intervención = 56). Después de la prueba previa, el grupo de control fue expuesto a la conferencia, mientras que el grupo de intervención fue expuesto al video. La posprueba se realizó inmediatamente después de la intervención, y se repitió a los 15 días. Se utilizó un instrumento validado, con 11 preguntas presentadas en video/Libras (para que los sordos comprendan) y en forma escrita/impresa (para registrar las respuestas). Resultados: En el análisis de conocimientos, la mediana de aciertos en la preprueba fue similar entre los grupos (p = 0,635), mientras que el grupo intervención tuvo mayor acierto en la posprueba inmediato (p = 0,035) y después 15 días (p = 0,026). En el análisis de habilidades, la mediana de aciertos en la preprueba fue mayor en el grupo control (p = 0,031). No hubo diferencia en la posprueba inmediato (p = 0,770), y el grupo intervención tuvo más éxito en la posprueba a los 15 días (p = 0,014). Conclusión: El video demostró ser efectivo para aumentar el conocimiento y las habilidades de las personas sordas sobre la reanimación cardiopulmonar. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos: RBR-5npmgj.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a efetividade de vídeo educativo no conhecimento e habilidade de surdos acerca da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Método: Ensaio randomizado, realizado em três escolas com 113 surdos (grupo controle = 57 e grupo intervenção = 56). Após o pré-teste, o grupo controle foi exposto à aula expositiva, enquanto o grupo intervenção foi exposto ao vídeo. O pós-teste ocorreu imediatamente depois da intervenção, e foi repetido após 15 dias. Foi utilizado instrumento validado, com 11 questões apresentadas em vídeo/libras (para viabilizar compreensão dos surdos) e de forma escrita/impressa (para registro das respostas). Resultados: Na análise do conhecimento, a mediana dos acertos do pré-teste foi semelhante entre os grupos (p = 0,635), enquanto houve maior acerto do grupo intervenção no pós-teste imediato (p = 0,035) e após 15 dias (p = 0,026). Na análise da habilidade, a mediana dos acertos do pré-teste foi maior no grupo controle (p = 0,031). Não houve diferença no pós-teste imediato (p = 0,770), e houve maior acerto do grupo intervenção no pós-teste após 15 dias (p = 0,014). Conclusão: O vídeo mostrou-se efetivo no aumento do conhecimento e habilidade de surdos acerca da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR-5npmgj.

A new species of Megaspira (Stylommatophora: Megaspiridae) from Ilha Grande, Southeast Brazil

Megaspiridae include land snails with a tall spire. They occur in Brazil, New Guinea and Australia. Megaspira Lea, 1839 is distributed through the central and southeast regions of Brazil There is controversy regarding the number of species in the genus, and their taxonomic status. The characters used to identify Megaspira include a large cylindrical shell and internal armature in the columella. The goal of the present study is to describe a new species for the genus, based on shell morphology, microsculpture and the inner anatomy. These anatomic characters had not been described before for any of the included species. The material was collected at the Jararaca trail, Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, state of Rio de Janeiro). Seven linear measurements were taken from the shells. Megaspira adenticulata sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus by not having apertural lamella in the shell aperture or in the columella in adult specimens. Also, the shell does not have light brown spots, as observed in other species of Megaspira. The shell has a mean of 16 whorls and height of 27 mm. It is smaller in average size than the shell of other described species. The new species was found under leaf litter, especially near rocks and in shallow soil.(AU)

Heart failure quantified by underlying cause and multiple cause of death in Brazil between 2006 and 2016.

BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) does not produce estimates of heart failure (HF) since this condition is considered the common end to several diseases (i.e., garbage code). This study aims to analyze the interactions between underlying and multiple causes of death related to HF in Brazil and its geographic regions, by sex, from 2006 to 2016. METHODS: Descriptive study of a historical series of death certificates (DCs) related to deaths that occurred in Brazil between 2006 and 2016, including both sexes and all age groups. To identify HF as the underlying cause of death or as a multiple cause of death, we considered the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code I50 followed by any digit. We evaluated the deaths and constructed graphs by geographic region to compare with national data. RESULTS: We included 1,074,038 DCs issued between 2006 and 2016 that included code I50 in Parts I or II of the certificate. The frequency of HF as the multiple cause of death in both sexes was nearly three times higher than the frequency of HF as an underlying cause of death; this observation remained consistent over the years. The Southeast region had the highest number of deaths in all years (about 40,000 records) and approximately double the number in the Northeast region and more than four times the number in the North region. Codes of diseases clinically unrelated to HF, such as diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and stroke, were mentioned in 3.11, 2.62, and 1.49% of the DCs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: When we consider HF as the underlying cause of death, we observed an important underestimation of its impact on mortality, since when analyzed as a multiple cause of death, HF is present in almost three times more deaths recorded in Brazil from 2006 to 2016. The mentioning of conditions with little association with HF at the time of the death highlights the importance of HF as a complex syndrome with multiple components that must be considered in the analysis of mortality trends for implementation of public health management programs.

Mortalidade por Insuficiência Cardíaca e Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico no Brasil, 1980 a 2018 / Mortality Due to Heart Failure and Socioeconomic Development in Brazil between 1980 and 2018

Resumo Fundamento Estudos sobre mortalidade por Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) no Brasil e Regiões Geográficas (RG) são escassos. Objetivo Analisar a evolução temporal das taxas de mortalidade por IC por sexo e faixa etária no Brasil, RG e Unidades da Federação (UF), de 1980 a 2018, e associações com o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM). Métodos Estudo de séries temporais dos óbitos por IC, por sexo e faixas etárias, no Brasil, RG e UF, de 1980 a 2018. Os óbitos e a população foram retirados do DATASUS para estimar taxas de mortalidade por 100.000 habitantes, brutas e padronizadas (método direto, população brasileira do ano 2000). Foram calculadas médias móveis de três anos das taxas padronizadas. Os IDHM das UF de 1991 e 2010 foram obtidos do Atlas Brasil. Empregou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, com 5% de significância. Resultados A mortalidade por IC diminuiu no Brasil a partir de 2008, atingindo ao final de 2018 patamar semelhante nas RG e UF, sendo maior nos homens durante quase todos os períodos e faixas etárias, exceto naqueles acima de 60 anos, a partir de 1995, na região Sul. Observou-se relação inversa entre o IDHM e a redução das taxas de mortalidade (0,73). Conclusão Houve redução das taxas de mortalidade por IC no Brasil progressivamente de 2008 até 2018, com patamares semelhantes em 2018 nas RG e UF, com maiores taxas no sexo masculino. Essas reduções parecem relacionadas com o IDHM em 2010, mais do que o aumento percentual ao longo do tempo.

Abstract Background Studies on mortality from heart failure (HF) in Brazil and in the country's Geographic Regions (GRs) are scarce. Objective To analyze the temporal progression of HF mortality rates by sex and age group in Brazil and its GRs and Federative Units (FUs) from 1980 to 2018, and the associations between mortality rates at each FU and the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI). Methods Time series analysis of deaths due to HF categorized by sex and age groups in Brazil and Brazilian GRs and FUs from 1980 to 2018. Death and population data were obtained from the DATASUS for estimation of crude and standardized mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants (direct method, Brazilian population in the year 2000). We calculated the 3-year moving averages of the standardized rates. The MHDIs of the FUs in 1991 and 2010 were obtained from Atlas Brasil and were correlated with mortality rates using Pearson's correlation at a 5% significance level. Results Mortality due to HF decreased in Brazil after 2008, reaching a similar level at the end of 2018 in the GRs and FUs, and was higher in men during almost all periods and age groups, except for those over the age of 60 years after 1995 in the South region. There was an inverse relationship between MHDI and reduction in mortality rates (0.73). Conclusion There was a progressive reduction in mortality rates due to HF in Brazil from 2008 to 2018, with similar levels in 2018 in the GRs and FUs and higher rates in men. These reductions appear to be related more to the 2010 MHDI than the percentage increase over time.

Mortality Due to Heart Failure and Socioeconomic Development in Brazil between 1980 and 2018. / Mortalidade por Insuficiência Cardíaca e Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico no Brasil, 1980 a 2018.

BACKGROUND: Studies on mortality from heart failure (HF) in Brazil and in the country's Geographic Regions (GRs) are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temporal progression of HF mortality rates by sex and age group in Brazil and its GRs and Federative Units (FUs) from 1980 to 2018, and the associations between mortality rates at each FU and the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI). METHODS: Time series analysis of deaths due to HF categorized by sex and age groups in Brazil and Brazilian GRs and FUs from 1980 to 2018. Death and population data were obtained from the DATASUS for estimation of crude and standardized mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants (direct method, Brazilian population in the year 2000). We calculated the 3-year moving averages of the standardized rates. The MHDIs of the FUs in 1991 and 2010 were obtained from Atlas Brasil and were correlated with mortality rates using Pearson's correlation at a 5% significance level. RESULTS: Mortality due to HF decreased in Brazil after 2008, reaching a similar level at the end of 2018 in the GRs and FUs, and was higher in men during almost all periods and age groups, except for those over the age of 60 years after 1995 in the South region. There was an inverse relationship between MHDI and reduction in mortality rates (0.73). CONCLUSION: There was a progressive reduction in mortality rates due to HF in Brazil from 2008 to 2018, with similar levels in 2018 in the GRs and FUs and higher rates in men. These reductions appear to be related more to the 2010 MHDI than the percentage increase over time.

FUNDAMENTO: Estudos sobre mortalidade por Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) no Brasil e Regiões Geográficas (RG) são escassos. OBJETIVO: Analisar a evolução temporal das taxas de mortalidade por IC por sexo e faixa etária no Brasil, RG e Unidades da Federação (UF), de 1980 a 2018, e associações com o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM). MÉTODOS: Estudo de séries temporais dos óbitos por IC, por sexo e faixas etárias, no Brasil, RG e UF, de 1980 a 2018. Os óbitos e a população foram retirados do DATASUS para estimar taxas de mortalidade por 100.000 habitantes, brutas e padronizadas (método direto, população brasileira do ano 2000). Foram calculadas médias móveis de três anos das taxas padronizadas. Os IDHM das UF de 1991 e 2010 foram obtidos do Atlas Brasil. Empregou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, com 5% de significância. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade por IC diminuiu no Brasil a partir de 2008, atingindo ao final de 2018 patamar semelhante nas RG e UF, sendo maior nos homens durante quase todos os períodos e faixas etárias, exceto naqueles acima de 60 anos, a partir de 1995, na região Sul. Observou-se relação inversa entre o IDHM e a redução das taxas de mortalidade (0,73). CONCLUSÃO: Houve redução das taxas de mortalidade por IC no Brasil progressivamente de 2008 até 2018, com patamares semelhantes em 2018 nas RG e UF, com maiores taxas no sexo masculino. Essas reduções parecem relacionadas com o IDHM em 2010, mais do que o aumento percentual ao longo do tempo.

Mulheres mastectomizadas: fatores excludentes da reconstrução mamária / Mastectomized women: excluding factors of breast reconstruction

Objetivo: compreender os processos ou racionalidades dos fatores excludentes da reconstrução mamária em mulheres mastectomizadas. Métodos: trata-se de investigação do tipo exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido no hospital Napoleão Laureano em João Pessoa - Paraíba, com amostra de 10 mulheres mastectomizadas no pós-operatório imediato. Resultados: após a coleta dos depoimentos, estabeleceram­se as categorias a partir da análise de conteúdo, que foram: desconhecimento acerca da reconstrução mamária pós-mastectomia; medo de complicações posteriores e falta de desejo na colocação da prótese mamária. Quanto ao tipo de mastectomia, apenas 20% realizaram a reconstrução mamária imediata. Conclusão: evidenciou-se que houve falha de comunicação pelos profissionais em informar os direitos garantidos por leis a essas mulheres, mesmo que suas condições clínicas sejam impeditivas para a realização do procedimento. Apesar da conquista da Lei Federal que garante a reconstrução mamária, existem mulheres que optam pela não realização, seja por medo ou conformismo da cura. (AU)

Objective: to understand the processes or rationalities of excluding factors in breast reconstruction in mastectomized women. Method: this is an exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative approach, developed at Napoleão Laureano hospital in João Pessoa - Paraíba, with a sample of 10 women who had mastectomies in the immediate postoperative period. Results: after collecting the testimonies, the categories were established from the content analysis, which were ignorance about breast reconstruction after mastectomy; fear of further complications and lack of desire for breast implant placement. regarding the type of mastectomy, only 20% underwent immediate breast reconstruction. Conclusion: it was evidenced that there was a failure of professionals to communicate the rights guaranteed by law to these women, even if their clinical conditions are impeding the performance of the procedure. Despite the achievement of the federal law that guarantees breast reconstruction, there are women who choose not to perform, either for fear or for conformity of the cure. (AU)

Objetivo: comprender los procesos o las racionalidades de los factores excluyentes en la reconstrucción mamaria en mujeres mastectomizadas. Método: esta es una investigación exploratoria y descriptiva con un enfoque cualitativo, desarrollada en el hospital Napoleão Laureano en João Pessoa - Paraíba, con una muestra de 10 mujeres que tuvieron mastectomías en el postoperatorio inmediato. Resultados: después de recopilar los testimonios, se establecieron las categorías a partir del análisis de contenido, que eran ignorancia sobre la reconstrucción mamaria después de la mastectomía; miedo a otras complicaciones y falta de deseo de colocar implantes mamarios. En cuanto al tipo de mastectomía, solo el 20% se sometió a reconstrucción mamaria inmediata. Conclusión: se evidenció que los profesionales no pudieron comunicar los derechos garantizados por la ley a estas mujeres, incluso si sus condiciones clínicas impiden la realización del procedimiento. A pesar del logro de la Ley Federal que garantiza la reconstrucción mamaria, hay mujeres que optan por no realizar, ya sea por miedo o por la conformidad de la cura. (AU)

Conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre trauma de extremidades / Knowledge of community health agents on extremities trauma / Conocimiento de agentes de salud comunitarios en trauma de extremidades

Objetivo: caracterizar o conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre trauma de extremidades. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, realizado a partir do banco de dados da pesquisa intitulada "conhecimento de agentes comunitários de saúde sobre atendimento pré-hospitalar no suporte básico de vida - impacto das ações de extensão". os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário. a amostra foi composta por 15 agentes comunitários de saúde de uma unidade de saúde da família integrada em João Pessoa, paraíba, brasil. analisaram-se os dados por meio de estatística descritiva e foram apresentados os resultados em tabelas. Resultados: observa-se que a média de acertos no pós-teste sobre conhecimento no trauma de extremidades foi de 69,3%. Conclusão: evidenciou-se que o conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre traumas de extremidades, teve um aumento significativo após as intervenções educativas

Objective: to characterize the knowledge of community health agents about trauma to the extremities. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive study, carried out from the research database titled "knowledge of community health agents on pre-hospital care in basic life support-impact of extension actions". data were collected through a questionnaire. the sample consisted of 15 community health agents from a integrated family health unit in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the results were presented in tables. Results: it was observed that the average of post-test hits in knowledge of extremity trauma was 69.3%. Conclusion: it was evidenced that the knowledge of community health agents on trauma of the extremities, had a significant increase after the educational interventions

Objetivo: caracterizar el conocimiento de los agentes de salud de la comunidad sobre trauma en las extremidades. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo, realizado a partir de la base de datos de investigación titulada "conocimiento de los agentes sanitarios comunitarios sobre la atención prehospitalaria en las acciones básicas de apoyo a la vida-impacto de las acciones de extensión". los datos se recopilaron a través de un cuestionario. la muestra consistió en 15 agentes de salud comunitarios de una unidad integrada de salud familiar en joao pessoa, paraíba, brasil. los datos se analizaron utilizando estadísticas descriptivas y los resultados se presentaron en tablas. Resultados: se observó que el promedio de aciertos posteriores a la prueba en el conocimiento del trauma en las extremidades fue del 69,3%. Conclusión: se evidenizó que el conocimiento de los agentes de salud comunitarios sobre trauma de las extremidades, tuvo un aumento significativo después de las intervenciones educativas

Fatores de risco para infarto agudo do miocárdio evidenciados em pacientes hospitalizados em unidade coronariana / Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction evidenced in hospitalized patients in the coronary care unit / Factores de riesgo de infarto agudo de miocardio en evidencia en los pacientes hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados coronarios

Objetivo: descrever os fatores de risco identificados em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio hospitalizados em unidade coronariana. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 125 indivíduos com diagnóstico de infarto agudo do miocárdio. a amostra foi coletada por conveniência de forma consecutiva. os dados foram analisados com auxílio do programa estatístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences versão 21 e aprovado sob parecer 457.504. Resultados: predominou indivíduos do sexo masculino de etnia branca e com uma média de 62 anos. os fatores de risco mais prevalentes na amostra foram: sedentarismo, hipertensão arterial, histórico familiar, tabagismo, ingesta alcoólica e diabetes mellitus. Conclusão: a pesquisa traz dados relevantes para o controle dos fatores de risco identificados, mostra onde direcionar as ações preventivas, a fim de diminuir a incidência do infarto agudo do miocárdio, suas sequelas e a mortalidade

Objective: to describe the risk factors identified in patients with acute myocardial infarction hospitalized in coronary unit. Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional citado with a quantitative approach. conducted with 125 individuals diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. the sample was collected for convenience consecutively. data were analyzed using the Statistical Package For Social sciences version 21 and approved under opinion 457 504. Results: the predominant male subjects were caucasian and with an average of 62 years. the most prevalent risk factors in the sample were: physical inactivity, high blood pressure, family history, smoking, alcohol consumption and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: the research provided data relevant to the control of identified risk factors, showing where to focus preventive actions in order to reduce the incidence of acute myocardial infarction, its sequels and mortality

Objetivo: describir los factores de riesgo identificados en pacientes con infarto miocardio agudo hospitalizados en una unidad coronaria. Método:estudio descriptivo, transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con 125 personas con diagnostico de infarto miocardio agudo. la muestra fue recogida conveniencia consecutivamente. los datos se analizaron con ayuda del paquete statistical package for social sciences versión 21 y aprobado bajo la opinión 457.504. Resultados: predominou individuos del género masculino de étnico blanco y con un promedio de 62 años. los factores de riesgo más prevalentes de la muestra fueron: sedentarismo, hipertensión arterial, historia familiar, fumar, ingesta alcohólica y diabetes mellitus. Conclusión: la investigación trae datos relevantes para el control de factores de riesgo identificados, mostrando dónde enfocar las acciones preventivas, para reducir la incidencia de infarto de miocardio agudo, sus secuelas y mortalidad

Ruthenium(II)/Benzonitrile Complex Induces Cytotoxic Effect in Sarcoma-180 Cells by Caspase-Mediated and Tp53/p21-Mediated Apoptosis, with Moderate Brine Shrimp Toxicity.

Ruthenium(II)/benzonitrile complexes have demonstrated promising anticancer properties. Considering that there are no specific therapies for treating sarcoma, we decided to evaluate the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and lethal effects of cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(phen)(dppb)]PF6 (BzCN = benzonitrile; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; dppb = 1,4-bis-(diphenylphosphino)butane), as well as the mechanism of cell death induction that occurs against murine sarcoma-180 tumor. Thus, MTT assay was applied to assess the ruthenium cytotoxicity, showing that the compound is a more potent inhibitor for the sarcoma-180 tumor cell viability than normal cells (lymphocytes). The comet assay indicated low genotoxic for normal cells. cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(phen)(dppb)]PF6 also showed moderate lethality in Artemia salina. The complex induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in sarcoma-180 cells. In addition, the complex caused S180 cells to die by apoptosis by an increase in Annexin-V-positive cells and morphological changes typical of apoptotic cells. Additionally, cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(phen)(dppb)]PF6 increased the gene expression of Bax, Casp3, and Tp53 in S180 cells. By using a western blot, we observed an increased protein level of TNF-R2, Bax, and p21. In conclusion, cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(phen)(dppb)]PF6 is active and selective for sarcoma-180 cells, leading to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 and cell death through a caspases-mediated and Tp53/p21-mediated pathway.

Morphology and distribution of the freshwater mussel Diplodon granosus, a rare and poorly understood species

Diplodon granosus was one of the first freshwater mussels to be described for South America. However, the status of the species was confusing for a long time, receiving different taxonomic treatments. In this paper, we redescribe the shell, with new data on the soft parts and information on the distribution and conservation of D. granosus, a rarely recorded species. The shell is thin, not inflated; the macrosculpture is composed only by granules that cover the whole shell, not forming bars; the microsculpture comprises short spikes. In the soft parts we highlight the few, weak and irregularly distributed lamellar connections of the outer demibranch and some features of the stomach, such as the distally enlarged minor typhlosole. There are records of D. granosus over a large area of South America, from Guiana to Argentina. However, most of these records are related to other species and the distribution of D. granosus is restricted to the north of South America in the basins of the Amazonas and Orinoco rivers, and coastal rivers in between. Despite this wide distribution, the species occurs in specific habitats, mainly streams (igarapés), resulting in an extremely fragmented occurrence. Thus, any disturbance to these habitats can threat this freshwater mussel. (AU)

Predictive Model for Delivery Efficiency: Erythrocyte Membrane-Camouflaged Magnetofluorescent Nanocarriers Study.

Delivery efficiencies of theranostic nanoparticles (NPs) based on passive tumor targeting strongly depend either on their blood circulation time or on appropriate modulations of the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, predicting the NP delivery efficiency before and after a tumor microenvironment modulation is highly desirable. Here, we present a new erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged magnetofluorescent nanocarrier (MMFn) with long blood circulation time (92 h) and high delivery efficiency (10% ID for Ehrlich murine tumor model). MMFns owe their magnetic and fluorescent properties to the incorporation of manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MnFe2O4 NPs) and IR-780 (a lipophilic indocyanine fluorescent dye), respectively, to their erythrocyte membrane-derived camouflage. MMFn composition, morphology, and size, as well as optical absorption, zeta potential, and fluorescent, magnetic, and magnetothermal properties, are thoroughly examined in vitro. We then present an analytical pharmacokinetic (PK) model capable of predicting the delivery efficiency (DE) and the time of peak tumor uptake (tmax), as well as changes in DE and tmax due to modulations of the tumor microenvironment, for potentially any nanocarrier. Experimental PK data sets (blood and tumor amounts of MMFns) are simultaneously fit to the model equations using the PK modeling software Monolix. We then validate our model analytical solutions with the numerical solutions provided by Monolix. We also demonstrate how our a priori nonmechanistic model for passive targeting relates to a previously reported mechanistic model for active targeting. All in vivo PK studies, as well as in vivo and ex vivo biodistribution studies, were conducted using two noninvasive techniques, namely, fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) and alternating current biosusceptometry (ACB). Finally, histopathology corroborates our PK and biodistribution results.

IR-780-Albumin-Based Nanocarriers Promote Tumor Regression Not Only from Phototherapy but Also by a Nonirradiation Mechanism.

IR-780 iodide is a fluorescent dye with optical properties in the near-infrared region that has applications in tumor detection and photothermal/photodynamic therapy. This multifunctional effect led to the development of theranostic nanoparticles with both IR-780 and chemotherapeutic drugs such as docetaxel, doxorubicin, and lonidamine. In this work, we developed two albumin-based nanoparticles containing near-infrared IR-780 iodide multifunctional dyes, one of them possessing a magnetic core. Molecular docking with AutoDock Vina studies showed that IR-780 binds to bovine serum albumin (BSA) with greater stability at a higher temperature, allowing the protein binding pocket to better fit this dye. The theoretical analysis corroborates the experimental protocols, where an enhancement of IR-780 was found coupled to BSA at 60 °C, even 30 days after preparation, in comparison to 30 °C. In vitro assays monitoring the viability of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells revealed the importance of the inorganic magnetic core on the nanocarrier photothermal-cytotoxic effect. Fluorescence molecular tomography measurements of Ehrlich tumor-bearing Swiss mice revealed the biodistribution of the nanocarriers, with marked accumulation in the tumor tissue (≈3% ID). The histopathological analysis demonstrated strong increase in tumoral necrosis areas after 24 and 72 h after treatment, indicating tumor regression. Tumor regression analysis of nonirradiated animals indicate a IR-780 dose-dependent antitumoral effect with survival rates higher than 70% (animals monitored up to 600 days). Furthermore, an in vivo photothermal therapy procedure was performed and tumor regression was also verified. These results show a novel insight for the biomedical application of IR-780-albumin-based nanocarriers, namely cancer therapy, not only by photoinduced therapy but also by a nonirradiation mechanism. Safety studies (acute oral toxicity, cardiovascular evaluation, and histopathological analysis) suggest potential for clinical translation.

Morphology and distribution of the freshwater mussel Diplodon granosus, a rare and poorly understood species / Morfologia e distribuição do bivalve de água doce Diplodon granosus, uma espécie rara e pouco conhecida

Diplodon granosus was one of the first freshwater mussels to be described for South America. However, the status of the species was confusing for a long time, receiving different taxonomic treatments. In this paper, we redescribe the shell, with new data on the soft parts and information on the distribution and conservation of D. granosus, a rarely recorded species. The shell is thin, not inflated; the macrosculpture is composed only by granules that cover the whole shell, not forming bars; the microsculpture comprises short spikes. In the soft parts we highlight the few, weak and irregularly distributed lamellar connections of the outer demibranch and some features of the stomach, such as the distally enlarged minor typhlosole. There are records of D. granosus over a large area of South America, from Guiana to Argentina. However, most of these records are related to other species and the distribution of D. granosus is restricted to the north of South America in the basins of the Amazonas and Orinoco rivers, and coastal rivers in between. Despite this wide distribution, the species occurs in specific habitats, mainly streams (igarapés), resulting in an extremely fragmented occurrence. Thus, any disturbance to these habitats can threat this freshwater mussel.(AU)

Diplodon granosus foi um dos primeiros bivalves de água doce descritos para a América do Sul. Contudo, o status dessa espécie foi confuso por um longo tempo, recebendo diferentes tratamentos taxonômicos. Neste estudo, apresentamos a redescrição da concha, assim como novos dados da anatomia das partes moles, e informações acerca da distribuição e conservação desta espécie raramente avistada. A concha é fina, não-inflada; a macroescultura é composta somente por grânulos que cobrem toda a concha, e não formam raios; a microescultura é composta por espinhos curtos. Nas partes moles, destacamos as poucas, fracas e irregularmente distribuídas conexões interlamelares da demibrânquia externa, assim como algumas características do estômago, como a tiflossole menor distalmente aumentada. Existem registros de D. granosus em uma grande área da América do Sul, da Guiana até a Argentina. Contudo, muitas destas ocorrências são relacionadas com outras espécies, estando D. granosus restrita às bacias dos rios Amazonas e Orinoco, e a rios costeiros entre essas duas bacias. Apesar desta aparente ampla distribuição, a espécie ocorre em habitats específicos, principalmente riachos (igarapés), resultando em uma distribuição fragmentada. Assim, qualquer modificação nestes ambientes pode ameaçar esta espécie.(AU)

Non-marine invasive gastropods on Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): distribution and implications for conservation / Moluscos continentais invasores na Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil): distribuição e implicação para a conservação

Abstract Invasive species are one of the main causes of biodiversity loss and the knowledge of their distribution is essential for conservation efforts. The present study inventoried the land and freshwater invasive molluscs of 25 villages of Ilha Grande (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), an island with Atlantic Rainforest remnants. Three invasive species are found: Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774), Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805, both on two localities; and Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822, on 16 localities. Most records were done on the island continental side, in anthropic areas, probably due to ease of access. One record was inside a conservation area, that calls concern about the spread of those species on the island and possible effects.

Resumo As espécies invasoras são uma das maiores causas de perda de biodiversidade e o conhecimento acerca da sua distribuição é essencial para os esforços de conservação. O presente estudo inventariou os moluscos continentais invasores em 25 vilas da Ilha Grande (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil), uma ilha com remanescentes de Mata Atlântica. Três espécies invasoras foram encontradas: Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774), Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805, ambas em duas localidades; e Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822, em 16 localidades. A maior parte dos registros foi no lado continental da ilha, provavelmente devido a facilidade de acesso. Um dos registros foi dentro de uma área de conservação, o que chama a atenção para a dispersão destas espécies na ilha, e seus possíveis efeitos.

[Predictors of the fear of falling among community-dwelling elderly Portuguese people: an exploratory study]. / Preditores do medo de cair em idosos portugueses na comunidade: um estudo exploratório.

The fear of falling constitutes a real risk factor for falls. It has also been associated with functional decline, decreased quality of life and increased social isolation among the elderly population. This study analyzed predictors of the fear of falling in elderly Portuguese people that live in the community. A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 98 participants (57.1% women; mean age 74.07 ± 8.74 years) was conducted. Data were collected with a protocol which includes a questionnaire for sociodemographic and health information, the Activity Specific Balance Confidence Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Lubben Social Network Scale-6, the Timed Up and Go, and Five Times Sit to Stand Test. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that female gender (p = 0.01), the perception of good (p = 0.01) and moderate (p = 0.02) physical health and the symptoms of depression (p ≈ 0.00) are predictors of fear of falling. Controlling these predictors is a fundamental aspect for promoting the independence of elderly people minimizing the consequences that are associated with the fear of falling.

O medo de cair é um fator de risco de queda. Também tem sido associado ao declínio funcional, diminuição da qualidade de vida e aumento do isolamento social na população idosa. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar preditores do medo de cair em pessoas idosas portuguesas residentes na comunidade. Foi desenvolvido um estudo transversal com uma amostra de conveniência de 98 participantes (57,1% mulheres; média etária 74,07 ± 8,74 anos). O protocolo de coleta de dados incluiu um questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde, a Escala de Confiança no Equilíbrio específica para a Atividade, a Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar, a Escala Breve de Redes Sociais de Lubben, o Timed Up and Go, e o Teste de Sentar e Levantar Cinco Vezes. Os dados foram analisados com recurso à estatística descritiva e inferencial. Os resultados indicam que no gênero feminino (p = 0.01), a percepção de saúde física boa (p = 0.01) e moderada (p = 0.02) e os sintomas de depressão (p ≈ 0.00) são preditores do medo de cair. Controlar estes preditores é um aspecto fundamental para a promoção da independência das pessoas idosas, minimizando as consequências associadas ao medo de cair.

Preditores do medo de cair em idosos portugueses na comunidade: um estudo exploratório / Predictors of the fear of falling among community-dwelling elderly Portuguese people: an exploratory study

Resumo O medo de cair é um fator de risco de queda. Também tem sido associado ao declínio funcional, diminuição da qualidade de vida e aumento do isolamento social na população idosa. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar preditores do medo de cair em pessoas idosas portuguesas residentes na comunidade. Foi desenvolvido um estudo transversal com uma amostra de conveniência de 98 participantes (57,1% mulheres; média etária 74,07 ± 8,74 anos). O protocolo de coleta de dados incluiu um questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde, a Escala de Confiança no Equilíbrio específica para a Atividade, a Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar, a Escala Breve de Redes Sociais de Lubben, o Timed Up and Go, e o Teste de Sentar e Levantar Cinco Vezes. Os dados foram analisados com recurso à estatística descritiva e inferencial. Os resultados indicam que no gênero feminino (p = 0.01), a percepção de saúde física boa (p = 0.01) e moderada (p = 0.02) e os sintomas de depressão (p ≈ 0.00) são preditores do medo de cair. Controlar estes preditores é um aspecto fundamental para a promoção da independência das pessoas idosas, minimizando as consequências associadas ao medo de cair.

Abstract The fear of falling constitutes a real risk factor for falls. It has also been associated with functional decline, decreased quality of life and increased social isolation among the elderly population. This study analyzed predictors of the fear of falling in elderly Portuguese people that live in the community. A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 98 participants (57.1% women; mean age 74.07 ± 8.74 years) was conducted. Data were collected with a protocol which includes a questionnaire for sociodemographic and health information, the Activity Specific Balance Confidence Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Lubben Social Network Scale-6, the Timed Up and Go, and Five Times Sit to Stand Test. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that female gender (p = 0.01), the perception of good (p = 0.01) and moderate (p = 0.02) physical health and the symptoms of depression (p ≈ 0.00) are predictors of fear of falling. Controlling these predictors is a fundamental aspect for promoting the independence of elderly people minimizing the consequences that are associated with the fear of falling.

Solaropsis brasiliana, anatomy, range extension and its phylogenetic position within Pleurodontidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stylommatophora).

A detailed anatomical revision on Solaropsis brasiliana (Deshayes 1832) has been carried out. New characters on shell, anatomy of soft parts, and a review of the genus distribution in South America, as well as clarification on S. brasiliana distributional area are provided in the present study. Solaropsis brasiliana is diagnosed by its globose, solid, and hirsute shell, with periphery obsoletely angular, bursa copulatrix with a thick, long diverticulum, a thick, long flagellum and a penis retractor muscle forked, with the vas deferens passing through it. This compiled information was used to test the phylogenetic position of S. brasiliana within South American Pleurodontidae through a cladistics analysis. In the phylogenetic hypothesis obtained, S. brasiliana is sister group of S. gibboni (Pfeiffer 1846) and the monophyly of the genus Solaropsis Beck is also supported. Here, we sustain that the distribution of S. brasiliana is restricted to Brazil, inhabiting the States of Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Bahia and Minas Gerais.

Avaliação da Relação Médico-Paciente em Alunos Internos de um Curso de Medicina / Evaluation of the Medical-Patient Relationship in Internal Students of a Medicine Course

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as atitudes dos alunos internos de um curso de Medicina a respeito da relação médico-paciente, tendo como dimensões desta relação o cuidar e o compartilhar. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi utilizado um questionário com dados sociodemográficos ocupacionais e a Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS), que avalia a relação médico-paciente na perspectiva de estudantes. Foram entrevistados 136 alunos internos de um curso de Medicina de uma universidade de Goiânia (GO). Resultados: A média de idade dos alunos internos pesquisados foi de 24,7 (± 2,8), sendo 90 do sexo feminino (66,7%) e 128 (94,1%) solteiros. Os escores entre todos os alunos internos foram: global (4,48 ± 1,56), compartilhar (3,92 ± 1,59) e cuidar (5,04 ± 1,31). As mulheres apresentaram escores maiores no que tange ao fator "compartilhar" (3,97 ± 11,61) em relação aos homens (3,82 ± 1,54), com p = 0,034, e também na média global, feminino (4,51 ± 1,57) e masculino (4,40 ± 1,55), com p = 0,047. No fator "compartilhar", aqueles que afirmaram ter realizado estágio extracurricular (3,98 ± 1,62) tiveram melhor escore do que os que não fizeram (3,81 ± 1,53), com p = 0,033. Os estudantes que apontaram a contribuição social na escolha do curso de Medicina (4,00 ± 1,58) apresentaram melhor escore no fator "compartilhar". Conclusão: A maioria dos alunos internos pesquisados teve a atenção voltada à figura do médico e não à do paciente, o que é demonstrado principalmente pelo decréscimo dos escores no final dos períodos de formação. Em contrapartida, os acadêmicos acreditam que as expectativas, sentimentos e circunstâncias da vida do paciente possam interferir no tratamento. Mulheres, alunos que realizaram atividades extracurriculares durante o curso e estudantes que apontaram a contribuição social na escolha do curso apresentaram melhores resultados sob o ponto de vista de dialogar e permitir que o paciente faça parte do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the attitudes of the medical intern students regarding the doctor-patient relationship, in terms of the aspects of caring and sharing. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Two questionnaires were used in the development of the study, one with occupational sociodemographic data and the other the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS), which aims to evaluate the doctor-patient relationship from the student's perspective. A total of 136 medical intern students from a university in Goiânia/GO were interviewed. Results: the mean age of the sample population was 24.7 (± 2.8), 90 were female (66.7%) and 128 (94.1%) were single. Among all the students the scores were: overall (4.48 ± 1.56), sharing (3.92 ± 1.59) and caring (5.04 ± 1.31). The women presented higher scores in the "sharing" aspect (3.97 ± 11.61) than the men (3.82 ± 1.54), with p = 0.034, and in the global mean, female (4.51 ± 1, 57) and male (4.40 ± 1.55), with p = 0.047. For the "sharing" factor, those who said they had completed extracurricular internship (3.98 ± 1.62) reported a better score than those who had not (3.81 ± 1.53), with p = 0.033. The students that specified social contribution as a factor in their decision to follow the medical course (4.00 ± 1.58) presented a better score in the "sharing" factor. Conclusion: Most of the intern students focused their attention on the doctor figure rather than the patient, especially with the lower scores at the end of the training period. By contrast, the academics believed that the patient's expectations, feelings, and life circumstances may interfere with their treatment. Women, students who performed extracurricular activities during the course and students who pointed out social contribution as a factor in their decision to follow a medical career, presented better results from the point of view of dialogue and allowing the patient to be part of the treatment.

Supplementary taxonomic description of Demidospermus pinirampi (Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae), with a new host record and an expansion of its distribution range / Descrição taxonômica complementar de Demidospermus pinirampi (Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae), com registro de um novo hospedeiro e ampliação de sua área de distribuição

ABSTRACT During a survey conducted in the Lajeado Reservoir of the Tocantins River, in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, dactylogyrids were recovered from the gills of Pimelodina flavipinnis. Initial morphological analysis showed these dactylogyrids shared aspects of character with species of Demidospermus, with affinity to Demidospermus pinirampi, despite exhibiting differences with the original description by Kritsky et al. (1987) regarding the vagina, the base of the male copulatory organ and the shape and length of the bars. The analysis of the holotypes of D. pinirampi and its most morphologically close species, Demidospermus luckyi, revealed that these dactylogyrids were indeed D. pinirampi. This study therefore reports a new host and locality of occurrence, and reviews some measurements of the original description, supplementing and enhancing the morphological diagnosis of D. pinirampi.(AU)

RESUMO Durante um levantamento realizado no Reservatório de Lajeado, no Rio Tocantins, no estado de Tocantins, Brasil, dactilogirídeos foram recuperados das brânquias de Pimelodina flavipinnis. A análise morfológica inicial mostrou que esses dactilogirídeos compartilham aspectos de caráter com espécies de Demidospermus, com afinidade com Demidospermus pinirampi, apesar de apresentarem diferenças em relação à descrição original fornecida por Kritsky et al. (1987) com respeito à vagina, à base do órgão copulatório masculino e à forma e comprimento das barras. A análise dos holótipos de D. pinirampi e de sua espécie morfologicamente mais próxima, Demidospermus luckyi, revelou que estes dactilogirídeos eram realmente D. pinirampi. Este estudo, portanto, relata um novo hospedeiro e localidade de ocorrência e revisa algumas medidas da descrição original, complementando a diagnose morfológica de D. pinirampi.(AU)