ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the microbial load and adherence of Escherichia coli in different areas of the surgical instrument surface exposed to experimental contamination over time. METHODS: experimental study in which fragments of crile forceps (serrated, rod and rack) were contaminated by immersion in Tryptic Soy Broth, containing 106 CFU/mL of E. coli, for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours. Microbial load and bacterial adherence were evaluated using microbiological culture and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. RESULTS: there was an increase in the microbial load on the surgical instrument, proportional to the contamination interval, ranging from 102 after 1 hour to 105 CFU/cm2 in 24 hours. The presence of exopolysaccharide was detected after two hours of contamination. CONCLUSIONS: microbial load and adhesion of E. coli increased over time, reaching 105 CFU/cm2 after 24 hours of contamination, starting biofilm formation after two hours.
Subject(s)
Escherichia coli , Stainless Steel , Biofilms , Colony Count, Microbial , Humans , Surgical InstrumentsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the microbial load and adherence of Escherichia coli in different areas of the surgical instrument surface exposed to experimental contamination over time. Methods: experimental study in which fragments of crile forceps (serrated, rod and rack) were contaminated by immersion in Tryptic Soy Broth, containing 106 CFU/mL of E. coli, for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours. Microbial load and bacterial adherence were evaluated using microbiological culture and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Results: there was an increase in the microbial load on the surgical instrument, proportional to the contamination interval, ranging from 102 after 1 hour to 105 CFU/cm2 in 24 hours. The presence of exopolysaccharide was detected after two hours of contamination. Conclusions: microbial load and adhesion of E. coli increased over time, reaching 105 CFU/cm2 after 24 hours of contamination, starting biofilm formation after two hours.
RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la carga microbiana y adherencia de Escherichia coli en diferentes áreas de la superficie de instrumento quirúrgico expuesto a la contaminación experimental a lo largo del tiempo. Métodos: estudio experimental en que fragmentos de tenacillas quirúrgicas (sierra, asta y cremallera), contaminados por inmersión en Tryptic Soy Broth, conteniendo 106 UFC/mL de E. coli, por 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 y 24 horas. La carga microbiana y la adherencia bacteriana evaluadas con uso de cultivo y microscopia electrónica de barredura, respectivamente Resultados: verificó aumento de la carga microbiana en el instrumento quirúrgico, proporcional al intervalo de contaminación, variando de 102 tras 1 hora a 105 UFC/cm2 en 24 horas. La presencia de polisacárido detectada tras 2 horas de contaminación. Conclusiones: carga microbiana y adherencia de E. coli aumentaron a lo largo del tiempo, atingiendo 105 UFC/cm2 tras 24 horas de contaminación, iniciándose formación de biopelícula tras 2 horas.
RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a carga microbiana e a aderência de Escherichia coli em diferentes áreas da superfície de instrumento cirúrgico exposto à contaminação experimental ao longo do tempo. Métodos: estudo experimental em que fragmentos de pinças crile (serrilha, haste e cremalheira) foram contaminados por imersão em Tryptic Soy Broth, contendo 106 UFC/mL de E. coli, por 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 e 24 horas. A carga microbiana e a aderência bacteriana foram avaliadas com uso de cultura microbiológica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, respectivamente. Resultados: verificou-se aumento da carga microbiana no instrumento cirúrgico, proporcional ao intervalo de contaminação, variando de 102 após 1 hora a 105 UFC/cm2 em 24 horas. A presença de exapolissacarídeo foi detectada após 2 horas de contaminação. Conclusões: carga microbiana e aderência de E. coli aumentaram ao longo do tempo, atingindo 105 UFC/cm2 após 24 horas de contaminação, iniciandose formação de biofilme após 2 horas.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Biofilm removal is a challenge during surgical instrument processing. We analyzed the time required for Staphylococcus epidermidis to form biofilms on surgical instruments, and how cleaning methods removed them. METHODS: Different areas (ratchet, shank, and jaw) of straight crile forceps were contaminated by soaking in Tryptic Soy Broth containing 106 colony forming units (CFU)/mL of S epidermidis for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours. S epidermidis adhesion and removal, after manual or automated ultrasonic cleaning, was evaluated by microbiological culture and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Microbial load increased with time (101-102 CFU/cm2 after 1 hour; 104 CFU/cm2 after 12 hours). Exopolysaccharide was detected after 2 hours and gradually increased thereafter. Bacterial load was reduced by 1-2 log10 after manual cleaning and 1-3 log10 after automated cleaning, but biofilms were not completely eliminated. In general, bacterial load was lower in shank fragments. This difference was significant at 6 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid adhesion of S epidermidis and exopolysaccharide formation was observed on surgical instruments. Automated cleaning was more effective than manual cleaning, but neither method removed biofilms completely. The precleaning conditions and the forceps design are critical factors in processing quality.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Adhesion/drug effects , Biofilms/drug effects , Disinfection/methods , Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods , Staphylococcal Infections/prevention & control , Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effects , Surgical Instruments/microbiology , Automation/methods , Bacterial Load/drug effects , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiologyABSTRACT
Healthcare wastes are those generated inside healthcare services, including dental clinics. Workers coming into close proximity to hazardous healthcare waste are potentially at risk. In an attempt to assess the knowledge and attitudes of workers dealing with infectious waste, a questionnaire was administered. The biological risk was investigated by evaluating the microbial load and screening some clinically relevant micro-organisms in the nasal mucosa, hands and coats of these workers. The results showed that 66.6% of the study population had incomplete primary education. Only two workers have had their blood tested to confirm anti-HBs levels. Microbial load evaluation on hand surfaces of morning workers showed statistically significant lower microbial loads after the workday when compared with the beginning of the work period. It is important to highlight that some clinically relevant bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from worker's hands. This study revealed the need for more training programmes regarding awareness of safe waste disposal protocols and also the necessity of discussing vaccination and its implications. Data regarding microbial loads of the worker's hands, mostly at the beginning of the workday when handwashing is recommended worldwide, emphasise that hygiene measures should receive more attention during training exercises.
Subject(s)
Dental Waste , Medical Waste Disposal , Brazil , Hazardous Waste , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Personnel , Humans , Risk , Solid WasteABSTRACT
O diagnóstico rápido microbiológico (DIRAMIC-10) é um sistema de urocultivo dimensionado para detectar em quatro horas infecçäo do trato urinário (ITU) e realizar a prova rápida de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos (PRSA), em igual período, fornecendo o resultado dos casos dom ITU em oito horas, e dos negativos, em 4 horas. Este estudo tem por finalidade avaliar a confiabilidade do DIRAMIC-10 em relaçäo ao método convencional de cultura em placas e ao método clássico de teste da sensibilidade microbiana, a prova da sensibilidade a antimicrobianos (PSA) pela técnica de difusäo de disco em meio ágar Mueller-Hilton (PSA/Bauer-Kirby). Foram estudadas comparativamente com o método convencional 181 amostras de urina de pacientes internos e externos do CRSMNNADI. No urocultivo em placas, o índice de positividade foi de 13,8 porcento ocorrendo dois resultados discordantes (1,1 porcento) em 181 amostras, que se mostraram positivos no DIRAMIC-10, e foram isolados dois ou mais germes na cultura em placas. A proporçäo de concordância foi de 98,9 porcento. A confiabilidade dos resultados do DIRAMIC, considerando o método convencional como teste referência, mostra excelente concordância. Na prova de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos a proporçäo de concordância foi de 94,2 porcento e os métodos apresentaram boa concordância...
