ABSTRACT
Crianças autistas apresentam não somente limitações sociais e na forma de comunicação/ linguagem, mas também comprometimentos na coordenação motora. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos de um programa de jiu-jitsu na coordenação motora de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autismo Participaram seis crianças, na faixa etária de 7-12 anos (8,6 ± 3,07), sendo três praticantes de jiu-jitsu e outras três sem qualquer experiência em atividades relacionadas a lutas. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados foi o teste de coordenação motora Korperkoordination test fur Kinder (KTK). O teste envolve componentes da coordenação corporal como: o equilíbrio, o ritmo, a força, a lateralidade, a velocidade e a agilidade. Os resultados apontaram que a prática de jiu-jitsu influenciou positivamente a coordenação motora das crianças. Apesar disso, a coordenação motora de ambos os grupos foi classificada como insuficiente.(AU)
Autistic children not only present social issues and form of communication and language, but also commitments in motor coordination. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of a jiu-jitsu program to coordinate children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. He participated in six children, aged 7 to 12 years (8.6 ± 3.07), three of whom were practicing jiu-jitsu and three others with no experience in activities related to fights. The instrument used for data collection was the motor coordination test Korperkoordination Kinder Test (KTK). The test involves components of body coordination such as: balance, rhythm, strength, laterality, speed and agility. The results showed that the practice of jiu-jitsu positively influenced children's motor coordination. Despite this, motor coordination in both groups was used as insufficient.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Psychomotor Performance , Autistic Disorder , Sports , Physical Education and Training , Child , Martial Arts , Communication , Functional Laterality , Motor Activity , Age GroupsABSTRACT
Performing a motor task depends on the level of performance stabilization and movement control, and both aspects of motor behavior are related to motor learning (retention and transfer) and adaptation (predictable and unpredictable perturbations). Yet few studies have further investigated the underlying dynamics that may elicit these benefits. In this study, we investigated the effects of two levels of performance stabilization on motor performance and control while learning to intercept a virtual moving target. We randomly divided 40 participants of both sexes (Mage = 26.02 years, SD = 2.02) into a Stabilization Group (SG) and a Superstabilization Group (SSG). We considered the performance stabilized when a moving target was intercepted three times in a row and superstabilized when the same criterion was repeated six times. We analyzed outcome variables related to performance accuracy (absolute spatial error) and variability(coefficient of variation) and motor control (relative time to peak velocity-tPV% and its coefficient of variation) on both the first and last blocks of practice trials. Both groups showed comparable increases in performance accuracy from the first to the last block (p = .001, ηp2 = 1.00), but SSG presented higher variability than SG (p = .05, ηp2 = .70). Concerning motor control, both groups started the experiment with low tPV% and finished with comparably high tPV% and variability. Thus, although practicing two levels of performance stabilization led to similar performance accuracy and movement control, superstabilization resulted in higher performance variability with no loss of accuracy. Enhanced stabilization may increase the ability to adapt to environmental changes, but more research is needed to demonstrate this. These findings add to an understanding of the relationship between levels of performance stabilization and performance variability and may have implications for professional interventions (e.g. sports, rehabilitation) in considering the benefits of practice beyond performance stabilization.
Subject(s)
Motor Skills , Sports , Adaptation, Physiological , Adult , Female , Humans , Learning , Male , Psychomotor PerformanceABSTRACT
This study compared the effects of two levels of performance stabilization on the adaptation to unpredictable perturbations in an isometric control force task with the goal of controlling 40% of the maximum force. The experiment consisted of pre-exposure and exposure phases. In the pre-exposure two levels of performance stabilization were manipulated: a stabilization group (SG) performed three trials in a row while maintaining 40% of the maximum force for three seconds and an absolute error less than or equal to 5% (i.e., the criteria of performance), and a superstabilization group (SSG) performed six blocks of the same criteria. During the exposure phase, the task was the same as that in the pre-exposure phase; however, it was inserted 9 trials of perturbations when the task goal changed to 60% of the maximum force. We measured the %RMSE, RMS from the biceps and triceps brachii and co-contraction. In the pre-exposure phase, both groups showed similar performance and muscle activity. When exposed to the perturbations, SSG performance more quickly returned to the previous level of accuracy, showed lower muscle activation and demonstrated a greater muscle co-contraction than did SG. The results give support to the adaptive process model on motor learning.
Subject(s)
Isometric Contraction , Motor Skills , Task Performance and Analysis , Adult , Electromyography , Humans , Male , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Resumo Este artigo, de caráter descritivo do tipo bibliográfico, analisou o estado da arte da ginástica das pesquisas acadêmico-científicas publicadas em periódicos nacionais indexadas na área da Educação Física pela CAPES entre os anos de 2000 a junho de 2015. Detectamos 340 trabalhos que, de maneira geral, são produzidos de forma coletiva, com primeira autoria feminina, com concentração institucional regionalizada (sudeste) e pouca colaboração internacional. Das abordagens dos estudos, destacaram-se as discussões sobre saúde, pedagogia do esporte e fisiologia. Em todas as temáticas, as discussões sobre as modalidades esportivas presentes no programa da Federação Internacional de Ginástica foram pífias.
Abstract Using bibliometrics parameters, this article analyze the “state of art” of the theme “gymnastics” in the academic and scientific researches published in Brazilian Journals indexed in Physical Education Area at CAPES, between 2000 and june/2015. We detected 340 articles. Generally they are produced collectively, normally the first authors are female, with regionalized institutional concentration (southeast) and little international collaboration. The approaches of the studies were, mainlyn about health, sport pedagogy and physiology. In all subjects, discussions on the sports present at the International Gymnastics Federation program were plus lackluster.
