NSAID-Based Coordination Compounds for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Developments.

After the serendipitous discovery of cisplatin, a platinum-based drug with chemotherapeutic effects, an incredible amount of research in the area of coordination chemistry has been produced. Other transition metal compounds were studied, and several new relevant metallodrugs have been synthetized in the past few years. This review is focused on coordination compounds with first-row transition metals, namely, copper, cobalt, nickel or manganese, or with zinc, which have potential or effective pharmacological properties. It is known that metal complexes, once bound to organic drugs, can enhance the drugs' biological activities, such as anticancer, antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory ones. NSAIDs are a class of compounds with anti-inflammatory properties used to treat pain or fever. NSAIDs' properties can be strongly improved when included in complexes using their compositional N and O donor atoms, which facilitate their coordination to metal ions. This review focuses on the research on this topic and on the promising or effective results that complexes of first-row transition metals and NSAIDs can exhibit.

Efeitos da reabilitação vestibular no idoso com queixa de tontura / Effects of vestibular rehabilitation in the elderly complaining of dizziness

Alterações do equilíbrio corporal estão entre as queixas mais comuns do idoso. A Reabilitação Vestibular (RV) é um dos métodos mais efetivos na recuperação do equilíbrio corporal. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar os efeitos da reabilitação vestibular no equilíbrio corporal de um grupo de idosos com queixa de tontura, através do Inventário de handicap de tontura. A amostra foi composta por dez idosos (seis mulheres e quatro homens) com idade média de 68,9 anos. Os idosos com queixa de tontura apresentaram pontuação elevada no DHI quanto aos aspectos físicos, funcionais e emocionais na condição pré-RV e esses valores diminuíram após o programa de reabilitação vestibular. As queixas de tontura também diminuíram após a aplicação do programa.

Changes of body balance are among the most common complaints of the elderly. Vestibular rehabilitation is one of the most effective methods in the recovery of the body balance. The objective to investigate the effects of vestibular rehabilitation in body balance of a group of elderly people with dizziness complain through dizziness handicap inventory. The sample was comprised of 10 seniors (6 women and 4 men) with mean age of 68.9 years. The elderly complaining of dizziness showed high score in the DHI in the physical, functional and emotional aspects in the condition pre-VR and these values decreased after vestibular rehabilitation program. Complaints of dizziness also decreased after the implementation of the programmee.

Efeitos da reabilitação vestibular no idoso com queixa de tontura / Effects of vestibular rehabilitation in the elderly complaining of dizziness

Alterações do equilíbrio corporal estão entre as queixas mais comuns do idoso. A Reabilitação Vestibular (RV) é um dos métodos mais efetivos na recuperação do equilíbrio corporal. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar os efeitos da reabilitação vestibular no equilíbrio corporal de um grupo de idosos com queixa de tontura, através do Inventário de handicap de tontura. A amostra foi composta por dez idosos (seis mulheres e quatro homens) com idade média de 68,9 anos. Os idosos com queixa de tontura apresentaram pontuação elevada no DHI quanto aos aspectos físicos, funcionais e emocionais na condição pré-RV e esses valores diminuíram após o programa de reabilitação vestibular. As queixas de tontura também diminuíram após a aplicação do programa.(AU)

Changes of body balance are among the most common complaints of the elderly. Vestibular rehabilitation is one of the most effective methods in the recovery of the body balance. The objective to investigate the effects of vestibular rehabilitation in body balance of a group of elderly people with dizziness complain through dizziness handicap inventory. The sample was comprised of 10 seniors (6 women and 4 men) with mean age of 68.9 years. The elderly complaining of dizziness showed high score in the DHI in the physical, functional and emotional aspects in the condition pre-VR and these values decreased after vestibular rehabilitation program. Complaints of dizziness also decreased after the implementation of the programmee.(AU)

Carriers for metal complexes on tumour cells: the effect of cyclodextrins vs CNTs on the model guest phenanthroline-5,6-dione trithiacyclononane ruthenium(II) chloride.

The complex [Ru[9]aneS3(pdon)Cl]Cl (pdon = 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione) was readily obtained from the stoichiometric reaction of Ru[9]aneS3(dmso)Cl2 with pdon. Recrystallisation in ethanol using salicylic acid as a co-crystallisation helper afforded single-crystals suitable for the collection of X-ray diffraction data which afforded a reasonable structural description. Two different kinds of molecular carriers were tested as vehicles for this complex: carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cyclodextrins. CNTs had an insufficient loading rate for the ruthenium complex at CNT concentrations deemed non-cytotoxic on cultured cells. The cyclodextrin (CD) carriers, ß-CD and TRIMEB (standing for permethylated ß-CD), were able to form two adducts, studied by powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), (13)C{(1)H} CP/MAS NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies. The DNA thermal denaturation studies showed that the complex 1 is able to intercalate with DNA. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the free complex [Ru[9]aneS3(pdon)Cl]Cl (1) and of its two CD adducts (2 and 3) was assessed on both rodent and human cell lines. By using the mouse K1735-M2 melanoma cell line and the non-tumour rat H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, the results showed that 1 and 2 significantly inhibited the growth of the tumour cell line while displaying a good safety profile on cardiomyoblasts. Compound 3 at 100 µM inhibited the proliferation of both cell lines, with a higher activity towards the melanoma cell line. The cytotoxicity of the compounds 1-3 was further assessed on human breast cancer cell lines. Against the MDA-MB-231 line, growth inhibition occurred only with 1 and 3 at the incubation time of 96 h, both with approximate inhibition rates of 50 %; against the MCF-7 line, mild cytotoxicity was observed at 48 h of incubation, with IC50 values calculated above 100 µM for 1, 2 and 3.

Desempenho de indivíduos no teste do índice de reconhecimento de falaà viva voz e com fala gravada / Performance of individuals in the test of speech recognition index to live voice and recorded speech presentation

Introdução: Carhart defi ne a logoaudiometria como uma técnica onde amostras de fala padronizadas são utilizadas para medir a habilidade de reconhecer palavras. Uma das formas de se ?padronizar? esse procedimento seria o uso de listas de palavras gravadas no teste de IRF( Índice de reconhecimento de fala). Objetivo: comparar o desempenho de pacientes no teste de logoaudiometria monitorada a viva voz e na logoaudiometria gravada em compact disc. (CD). Material e Método: estudo prospectivo transversal cuja casuística foi composta por 43 indivíduos, (85 orelhas). Todos foram submetidos à pesquisa do Índice de Reconhecimento de Fala (IRF) à viva voz e por material gravado. Os participantes foram examinados em ordem diferente de apresentação Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante aoanalisar a ordem de apresentação das palavras (viva voz X gravação). A análise da concordância entre os resultados de um mesmo paciente nas duas condições mostrou que houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001), ou seja, em 64,7%, o resultado foi melhor para uso do método de IRF gravado. Conclusão: os resultados mostraram que o desempenho dos pacientes no teste de IRF gravada é melhor do que para o teste à viva voz. Recomenda-se o uso de material gravado para melhorar a qualidade do teste do índice de reconhecimento de fala...

Introduction: Carhart defi nes speech audiometry as a technique where standardized speech samples are used to measure the ability to recognize words. One way to ?standardize? this procedure is the use of lists of recorded words. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of a group of subjects at the speech recognition index for monitored live voice and recorded speech audiometry. Method: prospective transversal study of a sample composed by 43 individuals (85 ears). All were tested for theSpeech Recognition Index (SRI) for both ways of presentation: monitored live voice and recorded speech. Participants were examined in a different order of presentation Results: No statistically signifi cant difference was found when considering the order of presentation of words (live voice x recorded speech). Analysis of agreement between the results of the same patient in both conditions showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.001), meaning that in 64.7%, the result was different. Conclusion: The results showed that patients? performance in speech recognition index for recorded speech is better than with monitored live voice. It is recommended the use of recorded material to improve the quality of speech audiometry test...

Introducción: Carhart logoaudiometría defi ne como una técnica en muestras estandarizadas discurso se utilizan para medir la capacidad de reconocer las palabras. Una forma de ?normalizar? este procedimiento es el uso de listas de palabras registradas. Objetivo: Comparar la prueba de rendimiento en los pacientes monitorizados audiometría del habla viva voz y audiometría vocal grabada en disco compacto. (CD). Material y métodos: Estudio transversal prospectivo, cuya muestra estuvo compuesta por 43 personas (85 orejas). Todos fueron evaluados por el Índice de reconocimiento de voz (SRI) y la voz viva de metraje. Los participantes fueron examinados en un orden diferente de la Presentación. Resultados: No hubo diferencias estadísticamente signifi cativas al analizar el orden de presentación de las palabras (X en directo la grabación de voz). El análisis de concordancia entre los resultados de la misma paciente, tanto en condiciones mostró que había una diferencia estadísticamente significativa(p <0,001), es decir, el 64,7%, el resultado fue diferente. Conclusión: Los resultados mostraron que el rendimiento de los pacientes en la prueba de audiometría del habla registrado es mejor que poner a prueba el altavoz. Se recomienda el uso de material grabado para mejorar la calidad del reconocimiento del habla índice de prueba...

Desempenho de indivíduos no teste do índice de reconhecimento de falaà viva voz e com fala gravada / Performance of individuals in the test of speech recognition index to live voice and recorded speech presentation

Introdução: Carhart defi ne a logoaudiometria como uma técnica onde amostras de fala padronizadas são utilizadas para medir a habilidade de reconhecer palavras. Uma das formas de se ?padronizar? esse procedimento seria o uso de listas de palavras gravadas no teste de IRF( Índice de reconhecimento de fala). Objetivo: comparar o desempenho de pacientes no teste de logoaudiometria monitorada a viva voz e na logoaudiometria gravada em compact disc. (CD). Material e Método: estudo prospectivo transversal cuja casuística foi composta por 43 indivíduos, (85 orelhas). Todos foram submetidos à pesquisa do Índice de Reconhecimento de Fala (IRF) à viva voz e por material gravado. Os participantes foram examinados em ordem diferente de apresentação Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante aoanalisar a ordem de apresentação das palavras (viva voz X gravação). A análise da concordância entre os resultados de um mesmo paciente nas duas condições mostrou que houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001), ou seja, em 64,7%, o resultado foi melhor para uso do método de IRF gravado. Conclusão: os resultados mostraram que o desempenho dos pacientes no teste de IRF gravada é melhor do que para o teste à viva voz. Recomenda-se o uso de material gravado para melhorar a qualidade do teste do índice de reconhecimento de fala.(AU)

Introduction: Carhart defi nes speech audiometry as a technique where standardized speech samples are used to measure the ability to recognize words. One way to ?standardize? this procedure is the use of lists of recorded words. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of a group of subjects at the speech recognition index for monitored live voice and recorded speech audiometry. Method: prospective transversal study of a sample composed by 43 individuals (85 ears). All were tested for theSpeech Recognition Index (SRI) for both ways of presentation: monitored live voice and recorded speech. Participants were examined in a different order of presentation Results: No statistically signifi cant difference was found when considering the order of presentation of words (live voice x recorded speech). Analysis of agreement between the results of the same patient in both conditions showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.001), meaning that in 64.7%, the result was different. Conclusion: The results showed that patients? performance in speech recognition index for recorded speech is better than with monitored live voice. It is recommended the use of recorded material to improve the quality of speech audiometry test.(AU)

Introducción: Carhart logoaudiometría defi ne como una técnica en muestras estandarizadas discurso se utilizan para medir la capacidad de reconocer las palabras. Una forma de ?normalizar? este procedimiento es el uso de listas de palabras registradas. Objetivo: Comparar la prueba de rendimiento en los pacientes monitorizados audiometría del habla viva voz y audiometría vocal grabada en disco compacto. (CD). Material y métodos: Estudio transversal prospectivo, cuya muestra estuvo compuesta por 43 personas (85 orejas). Todos fueron evaluados por el Índice de reconocimiento de voz (SRI) y la voz viva de metraje. Los participantes fueron examinados en un orden diferente de la Presentación. Resultados: No hubo diferencias estadísticamente signifi cativas al analizar el orden de presentación de las palabras (X en directo la grabación de voz). El análisis de concordancia entre los resultados de la misma paciente, tanto en condiciones mostró que había una diferencia estadísticamente significativa(p <0,001), es decir, el 64,7%, el resultado fue diferente. Conclusión: Los resultados mostraron que el rendimiento de los pacientes en la prueba de audiometría del habla registrado es mejor que poner a prueba el altavoz. Se recomienda el uso de material grabado para mejorar la calidad del reconocimiento del habla índice de prueba.(AU)

Prevalência das doenças auditivas não ocupacionais que acometem trabalhadores em processo preadmissional / Prevalence of non-occupational hearingdiseases that attack workers in preadmission process

Objetivo: Caracterizar a prevalência das perdas auditivas não ocupacionais que acometem trabalhadores em processo pré-admissional. Métodos: A casuística do presente estudo foi constituída de 260 prontuários de indivíduos pré-candidatos ao trabalho registrados numa Clínica Otorrinolaringológica no período de agosto de 2008 a agosto de 2009. O método utilizado para a análise estatística foi o de estudo retrospectivo, descritivo de caráter epidemiológico a partir da avaliação de dados dos exames audiológicos, história clínica-ocupacional e parecer otorrinolaringológico. Resultado: (93,9 %) dos candidatos foram considerados aptos para o trabalho. A doença prevalente foi a PAINPSE com 157 casos (60,4%). A queixa de maior prevalência foi o zumbido (21,7%). Das alterações audiométricas encontradas nos candidatos prevaleceu a perda auditiva neurossensorial, confi guração em entalhe e o grau normal referente às habilidades comunicativas. Conclusão: A doença prevalente foi a PAINPSE com 157 casos (60,4%), seguida das causas não defi nidas (16,6%) e otite média crônica (14,3%). Há a necessidade de ações que abordem os fatores não ocupacionais para nortear medidas e condutas de vigilância em saúde...

Objective: Characterize the prevalence of non-occupational hearing losses that attack workers in pre-admission process. Methods: The cases of this study were constituted of 260 prompt-books from pre-candidate individuals to work, registered in a Otolaryngology Clinic from August 2008 to August 2009. The method used to the statistic analysis was the retrospective, descriptive study of epidemiological character, from the evaluation of the hearing examinations data, clinical-occupational history and otolaryngological notions. Results: (93.9%) candidates were deemed suitable for the job. The prevalent disease was PAINPSE 157 cases (60.4%). The most prevalent complaint was tinnitus (21.7%). Of the audiometric changes found in candidates prevailed sensorineural hearing loss, and slot confi guration in normal degree related to communication skills. Conclusion: The prevalent disease was prevalent PAINPSE, 157 cases (60.4%), followed by no defi ned causes (16.6%) and chronic otitis media (14.3%). There is a need for actions to address non-occupational factors to guide measures and conduct health surveillance...

Objetivo: Caracterizar la prevalencia de pérdidas de audición no ocupacionales que afectan a los trabajadores en el proceso de la pre-admisión. Métodos: La muestra de este estudio consistio de en 260 archivos de individuos pre-candidatos al trabajo, registradas en una Clínica Otorrinolaringologica en el periódo de agosto de 2008 a agosto de 2009. El método utilizado para el análisis estadístico fue el de estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo de carácter epidemiológico a partir de la evaluación de los datos de los exámenes audiológicos, historia clínica relacionada al trabajo, y opinión otorrinolaringologica. Resultado: (93,9%) de los candidatos fueron considerados capazes de trabajar. La enfermedad prevalente fue la PAINPSE con 157 casos (60,4%). La queja más frecuente fue el tinnitus (21,7%). De las alteraciones audiométricas que fueron encontradas en los candidatos prevaleció la pérdida auditiva neurosensorial, la confi guración en muesca y el grado normal de las habilidades de comunicación. Conclusión: La enfermedad prevalente fue la PAINPSE con 157 casos (60,4%), seguida por causas no defi nidas (16,6%) y otitis media crónica (14,3%). Hay una necesidad de tomar medidas que traten de los factores no ocupacionales para orientar medidas y conductas de vigilancia en salud...

Prevalência das doenças auditivas não ocupacionais que acometem trabalhadores em processo preadmissional / Prevalence of non-occupational hearingdiseases that attack workers in preadmission process

Objetivo: Caracterizar a prevalência das perdas auditivas não ocupacionais que acometem trabalhadores em processo pré-admissional. Métodos: A casuística do presente estudo foi constituída de 260 prontuários de indivíduos pré-candidatos ao trabalho registrados numa Clínica Otorrinolaringológica no período de agosto de 2008 a agosto de 2009. O método utilizado para a análise estatística foi o de estudo retrospectivo, descritivo de caráter epidemiológico a partir da avaliação de dados dos exames audiológicos, história clínica-ocupacional e parecer otorrinolaringológico. Resultado: (93,9 %) dos candidatos foram considerados aptos para o trabalho. A doença prevalente foi a PAINPSE com 157 casos (60,4%). A queixa de maior prevalência foi o zumbido (21,7%). Das alterações audiométricas encontradas nos candidatos prevaleceu a perda auditiva neurossensorial, confi guração em entalhe e o grau normal referente às habilidades comunicativas. Conclusão: A doença prevalente foi a PAINPSE com 157 casos (60,4%), seguida das causas não defi nidas (16,6%) e otite média crônica (14,3%). Há a necessidade de ações que abordem os fatores não ocupacionais para nortear medidas e condutas de vigilância em saúde.(AU)

Objective: Characterize the prevalence of non-occupational hearing losses that attack workers in pre-admission process. Methods: The cases of this study were constituted of 260 prompt-books from pre-candidate individuals to work, registered in a Otolaryngology Clinic from August 2008 to August 2009. The method used to the statistic analysis was the retrospective, descriptive study of epidemiological character, from the evaluation of the hearing examinations data, clinical-occupational history and otolaryngological notions. Results: (93.9%) candidates were deemed suitable for the job. The prevalent disease was PAINPSE 157 cases (60.4%). The most prevalent complaint was tinnitus (21.7%). Of the audiometric changes found in candidates prevailed sensorineural hearing loss, and slot confi guration in normal degree related to communication skills. Conclusion: The prevalent disease was prevalent PAINPSE, 157 cases (60.4%), followed by no defi ned causes (16.6%) and chronic otitis media (14.3%). There is a need for actions to address non-occupational factors to guide measures and conduct health surveillance.(AU)

Objetivo: Caracterizar la prevalencia de pérdidas de audición no ocupacionales que afectan a los trabajadores en el proceso de la pre-admisión. Métodos: La muestra de este estudio consistio de en 260 archivos de individuos pre-candidatos al trabajo, registradas en una Clínica Otorrinolaringologica en el periódo de agosto de 2008 a agosto de 2009. El método utilizado para el análisis estadístico fue el de estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo de carácter epidemiológico a partir de la evaluación de los datos de los exámenes audiológicos, historia clínica relacionada al trabajo, y opinión otorrinolaringologica. Resultado: (93,9%) de los candidatos fueron considerados capazes de trabajar. La enfermedad prevalente fue la PAINPSE con 157 casos (60,4%). La queja más frecuente fue el tinnitus (21,7%). De las alteraciones audiométricas que fueron encontradas en los candidatos prevaleció la pérdida auditiva neurosensorial, la confi guración en muesca y el grado normal de las habilidades de comunicación. Conclusión: La enfermedad prevalente fue la PAINPSE con 157 casos (60,4%), seguida por causas no defi nidas (16,6%) y otitis media crónica (14,3%). Hay una necesidad de tomar medidas que traten de los factores no ocupacionales para orientar medidas y conductas de vigilancia en salud.(AU)

(2,2'-Bipyridine-κN,N')bromido(1,4,7-trithia-cyclo-nonane-κS,S',S'')ruthenium(II) hexa-fluoridophosphate.

The title compound, [RuBr(C(10)H(8)N(2))(C(6)H(12)S(3))]PF(6) or [RuBr(bpy)([9]aneS(3))]PF(6) ([9]aneS(3) is 1,4,7-trithia-cyclo-nonane and bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine), exhibits a very similar octahedral coordination geometry for the Ru(2+) atom to that of its [RuCl(bpy)([9]aneS(3))](+) analogue, with only the chloride ligand being substituted by a bromide ligand. The presence of a PF(6) (-) anion (alongside with the coordinated bromide ligand) promotes the existence of an extensive network of weak C-H⋯X (X = F, Br) inter-actions.

Descrição das expectativas e dos sentimentos das famílias de crianças deficientes auditivas usuárias de implante coclear / Description of the expectations of the families of deaf children users of cochlear implants

A possibilidade do uso do implante coclear em crianças cada vez mais jovens enfatiza a necessidade de conhecer as expectativas que as famílias envolvidas tem em relação ao equipamento e ao procedimento. Ao mesmo tempo é importante conhecer seu impacto sobre elas. Esta pesquisa teve como principal objetivo descrever as expectativas das famílias de crianças deficientes auditivas usuárias de Implante Coclear. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, que utiliza a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo– DSC, proposto por Lefevre. A amostra foi constituída por três famílias de crianças com deficiência auditiva neurossensorial profunda bilateral, usuárias de implante coclear. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, através de um questionário fechado subdivido em duas etapas: A – Diagnóstico e Informações Gerais e B- Expectativas do Implante Coclear. As questões foram elaboradas com o intuito de pesquisar as reações e expectativas das famílias de usuários de implante coclear antes da cirurgia, assim como os seus sentimentos frente ao diagnóstico da perda auditiva. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas, de forma literal, respeitando-se pausas e entonação. Resultados: após a aplicação da técnica do DSC, foi constatado que: Quanto ao diagnóstico, todos os familiares demonstraram reações de sofrimento e frustração quando souberam que a criança era deficiente auditivo. Quanto à expectativa sobre o ao uso do implante coclear: antes da cirurgia todos os familiares descreveram ansiedade, principalmente, por desconhecimento do pós cirúrgico. Conclusão: Existe um sentimento de sofrimento entre os membros da família antes do diagnóstico e após a confirmação da perda auditiva. Há uma grande necessidade de compreender as etapas do diagnóstico da perda auditiva e o processo do implante coclear, principalmente o modo como os pacientes são afetados por elas.

The possibility of the use of cochlear implants in increasingly younger children emphasizes the need to know the expectations that the families involved have in relation to the equipment and procedure. At the same time it is important to know the impact caused on them. This research aimed to describe the expectations of the families of deaf children users of cochlear implants. Method: This is a qualitative study, using the technique of Collective Subject Discourse – CSD proposed by Lefèvre. The sample consisted of three families of children with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss, cochlear implant users. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, through a closed questionnaire divided in two steps: A – Diagnostics and General Information and B – Expectations of the cochlear implant. The questions were designed in order to investigate the reactions and expectations of the families of cochlear implant users before surgery, as well as the feelings of family members facing the diagnosis of hearing loss. The interviews were recorded and transcribed literally, observing pauses and intonation. Results: After application of the technique of CSD, it was found that: Regarding the diagnosis, all families showed reactions of suffering and frustration when they knew that the child was deaf, the analysis of this information was obtained through interviews of family members, as an example quoted in these words“... it was very sad, because even then you do not have much notion of what is the life of a person who loses his hearing, so for us it was all very new ...” on the expectation the use of cochlear implants: before surgery all family members described anxiety, mainly by lack of knowledge of the post-surgery, which can be seen through the words “... was in doubt if could operate and she gets a problem, said that in a million operations something can happen...” Conclusion: There is a sense of suffering among family members before diagnosis...

La posibilidad de uso de implante coclear en niños cada vez mas pequeños enfatiza la necesidadde conocer las expectativas que las familias involucradas tienen en relación a ese equipamiento y al procedimiento. Al mismo tiempo es importante conocer su impacto sobre ellas. Esta investigación tuvo como principal objetivo describir las expectativas de las familias de niños con deficiencia auditiva usuarios de Implante Coclear. Método: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, que utiliza la técnicas del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo – DSC, propuesto por Lefevre. La muestra fue constituida por tres familias de niños con déficit auditivo neurosensorial profundo bilateral, usuarias de implante coclear. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semiestructuradas, a través de un cuestionarios cerrado subdividido en dos etapas: A – Diagnóstico e Informaciones Generales y B – Expectativas del Implante Coclear. Las preguntas fueron elaboradas con el fin de investigar las reacciones y las expectativas de las familias de los usuarios de implante coclear antes de la cirugía, así como sus sentimientos frente al diagnóstico de deficiencia auditiva. Las entrevistas fueron gravadas y transcriptas, de forma literal, respetándose pausas y entonaciones. Resultados: después de la aplicación de la técnica DSC, fue constatado que: encuanto al diagnóstico, todos los familiares demostraron reacciones de sufrimiento y frustración cuando tomaron conocimiento que el niño era deficiente auditivo. En cuanto a la expectativa sobre el uso del implante coclear: antes de la cirugía todos los familiares describieron ansiedad, principalmente, por desconocimiento al post quirúrgico. Conclusión: Existe un sentimiento de sufrimiento entre los miembros de la familia antes del diagnóstico e después de la confirmación de perdida auditiva. Hay una grande necesidad de comprender los pasos para el diagnóstico de la perdida de audición y el proceso de implante coclear, principalmente con respeto...

Descrição das expectativas e dos sentimentos das famílias de crianças deficientes auditivas usuárias de Implante Coclear / Description of the expectations of the families of deaf children users of cochlear implants

A possibilidade do uso do implante coclear em crianças cada vez mais jovens enfatiza a necessidade de conhecer as expectativas que as famílias envolvidas tem em relação ao equipamento e ao procedimento. Ao mesmo tempo é importante conhecer seu impacto sobre elas. Esta pesquisa teve como principal objetivo descrever as expectativas das famílias de crianças deficientes auditivas usuárias de Implante Coclear. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, que utiliza a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo– DSC, proposto por Lefevre. A amostra foi constituída por três famílias de crianças com deficiência auditiva neurossensorial profunda bilateral, usuárias de implante coclear. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, através de um questionário fechado subdivido em duas etapas: A – Diagnóstico e Informações Gerais e B- Expectativas do Implante Coclear. As questões foram elaboradas com o intuito de pesquisar as reações e expectativas das famílias de usuários de implante coclear antes da cirurgia, assim como os seus sentimentos frente ao diagnóstico da perda auditiva. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas, de forma literal, respeitando-se pausas e entonação. Resultados: após a aplicação da técnica do DSC, foi constatado que: Quanto ao diagnóstico, todos os familiares demonstraram reações de sofrimento e frustração quando souberam que a criança era deficiente auditivo. Quanto à expectativa sobre o ao uso do implante coclear: antes da cirurgia todos os familiares descreveram ansiedade, principalmente, por desconhecimento do pós cirúrgico. Conclusão: Existe um sentimento de sofrimento entre os membros da família antes do diagnóstico e após a confirmação da perda auditiva. Há uma grande necessidade de compreender as etapas do diagnóstico da perda auditiva e o processo do implante coclear, principalmente o modo como os pacientes são afetados por elas.(AU)

The possibility of the use of cochlear implants in increasingly younger children emphasizes the need to know the expectations that the families involved have in relation to the equipment and procedure. At the same time it is important to know the impact caused on them. This research aimed to describe the expectations of the families of deaf children users of cochlear implants. Method: This is a qualitative study, using the technique of Collective Subject Discourse – CSD proposed by Lefèvre. The sample consisted of three families of children with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss, cochlear implant users. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, through a closed questionnaire divided in two steps: A – Diagnostics and General Information and B – Expectations of the cochlear implant. The questions were designed in order to investigate the reactions and expectations of the families of cochlear implant users before surgery, as well as the feelings of family members facing the diagnosis of hearing loss. The interviews were recorded and transcribed literally, observing pauses and intonation. Results: After application of the technique of CSD, it was found that: Regarding the diagnosis, all families showed reactions of suffering and frustration when they knew that the child was deaf, the analysis of this information was obtained through interviews of family members, as an example quoted in these words“... it was very sad, because even then you do not have much notion of what is the life of a person who loses his hearing, so for us it was all very new ...” on the expectation the use of cochlear implants: before surgery all family members described anxiety, mainly by lack of knowledge of the post-surgery, which can be seen through the words “... was in doubt if could operate and she gets a problem, said that in a million operations something can happen...” Conclusion: There is a sense of suffering among family members before diagnosis...(AU)

La posibilidad de uso de implante coclear en niños cada vez mas pequeños enfatiza la necesidadde conocer las expectativas que las familias involucradas tienen en relación a ese equipamiento y al procedimiento. Al mismo tiempo es importante conocer su impacto sobre ellas. Esta investigación tuvo como principal objetivo describir las expectativas de las familias de niños con deficiencia auditiva usuarios de Implante Coclear. Método: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, que utiliza la técnicas del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo – DSC, propuesto por Lefevre. La muestra fue constituida por tres familias de niños con déficit auditivo neurosensorial profundo bilateral, usuarias de implante coclear. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semiestructuradas, a través de un cuestionarios cerrado subdividido en dos etapas: A – Diagnóstico e Informaciones Generales y B – Expectativas del Implante Coclear. Las preguntas fueron elaboradas con el fin de investigar las reacciones y las expectativas de las familias de los usuarios de implante coclear antes de la cirugía, así como sus sentimientos frente al diagnóstico de deficiencia auditiva. Las entrevistas fueron gravadas y transcriptas, de forma literal, respetándose pausas y entonaciones. Resultados: después de la aplicación de la técnica DSC, fue constatado que: encuanto al diagnóstico, todos los familiares demostraron reacciones de sufrimiento y frustración cuando tomaron conocimiento que el niño era deficiente auditivo. En cuanto a la expectativa sobre el uso del implante coclear: antes de la cirugía todos los familiares describieron ansiedad, principalmente, por desconocimiento al post quirúrgico. Conclusión: Existe un sentimiento de sufrimiento entre los miembros de la familia antes del diagnóstico e después de la confirmación de perdida auditiva. Hay una grande necesidad de comprender los pasos para el diagnóstico de la perdida de audición y el proceso de implante coclear, principalmente con respeto a...(AU)

(2,2'-Bipyridine-κN,N')chlorido(1,4,7-trithia-cyclo-nonane-κS,S',S'')ruthenium(II) nitrate monohydrate.

In the title compound, [RuCl(C(10)H(8)N(2))(C(6)H(12)S(3))]NO(3)·H(2)O or [RuCl(bpy)([9]aneS(3))]NO(3)·H(2)O, ([9]aneS(3) is 1,4,7-tri-thia-cyclo-nonane and bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine), the Ru(II) cation has a slightly distorted octa-hedral environment composed of three facially coordinated S atoms from ([9]aneS(3)), two N atoms from bpy and a chloride anion. The nitrate counter-ion and the water mol-ecule of crystallization are engaged in O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions, leading to a supra-molecular chain running parallel to the c axis.

A glycine ruthenium trithiacyclononane complex and its molecular encapsulation using cyclodextrins.

The complex Ru([9]aneS(3))(gly)Cl (gly = glycine) was obtained from the reaction of the precursor Ru([9]aneS(3))dmsoCl(2) with glycine and encapsulated into native beta-CD, a hydroxypropylated derivative HPbetaCD, and the methylated cyclodextrins TRIMEB and CRYSMEB. All four inclusion compounds were obtained with a 1:1 host:guest stoichiometry and characterised in the solid-state by powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and (13)C{(1)H} CP/MAS NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. The cytostatic and antiproliferative activity of the complex Ru([9]aneS(3))(gly)Cl and its four CD inclusion compounds was tested on the human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line and the results compared to the inhibitory effect exerted by the pure cyclodextrins.

Eficácia do protetor auditivo de inserção em programa de prevenção de perdas auditiva / Efficacy of the auditory protection for insertion into a program of hearing losses prevention

Introdução: O ruído causa efeitos sobre a audição e em todo organismo. Na audição pode produzir a mudança temporária no limiar (MTL): por um curto prazo o limiar de sensibilidade auditiva é aumentado devido à exaustão metabólica das células ciliadas na presença de sons intensos. Eliminado o ruído, após o repouso auditivo, a audição volta ao seu limiar normal. Os indivíduos que atuam expostos a ruído podem adquirir mudança permanente de limiar (MPL). Uma das formas de evitar a MTL/MPL é usar o protetor auditivo quando em presença de ruído. Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a eficácia dos protetores auditivos usados pelos trabalhadores expostos a ruído de 96,5 dB (L) em uma metalúrgica no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Método: Audiometria tonal antes e após a jornada de trabalho, em 13 trabalhadores usuários de protetores auditivos do tipo inserção, expostos a 96,5 dB (L), para determinar se há MTL. Resultados: Constatou-se que a audição dos trabalhadores não sofreu alterações de limiares audiométricos estatisticamente significante entre o exame pré e pós jornada de trabalho Conclusão: Esta pesquisa mostrou que o uso dos protetores auditivos do tipo inserção foi eficaz, pois não produziu o MTL nos trabalhadores expostos a ruído.

Introduction: The noise causes effects on the hearing and all organism. In hearing it may produce a threshold temporary shift (TTS): for a short term the auditory sensitivity is increased due to the metabolic exhaustion of the hair cells in the presence of intense sounds. When the noise is eliminated, the hearing returns to its normal threshold. The individuals who work exposed to noise may acquire a permanent threshold shift (PTS). One of the ways to avoid the TTS/PTS is using the auditory protection when in the presence of noise. Objective: The objective of this research was to verify the efficacy of the auditory protections used by workers exposed to noise of 96.5 dB (L) in a metallurgic factory in the countryside of the State of São Paulo. Method: Tonal audiometry before and after the working journey in 13 workers users of auditory protection of insertion type, exposed to 96.5 dB (L), to determine whether there is TTS. Results: We confirmed that the hearing of workers did not undergo statistically significant audiometric thresholds shifts between the pre-journey and post-journey exam. Conclusion: This research showed that the use of auditory protections of insertion type was efficient, because it did not produce TTS in the workers exposed to noise.

Cyclodextrins improve the antimicrobial activity of the chloride salt of Ruthenium(II) chloro-phenanthroline-trithiacyclononane.

The complex [Ru([9]aneS(3))phenCl]Cl (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and its synthetic precursor [Ru([9]aneS(3))dmsoCl(2)] were immobilized in permethylated beta-cyclodextrin (TRIMEB). A new crystalline structure of the precursor, obtained from a batch ethanol solution at low temperature (4 degrees C), is fully described from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. [Ru([9]aneS(3))phenCl]Cl was also encapsulated in native beta-cyclodextrin for comparison with the TRIMEB compound. All three compounds were obtained with a 1:1 host:guest stoichiometry and were studied by powder X-ray diffraction (including synchrotron radiation data), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), (13)C{(1)H} CP/MAS NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. The bacterial growth inhibitory action of the complex [Ru([9]aneS(3))phenCl]Cl and its two cyclodextrin compounds was tested on Gram-negative (Salmonella, Escherichia) and Gram-positive strains (Bacillus, Listeria, Enterococcus and Staphilococcus) and results show a positive effect of cyclodextrin immobilization on the antimicrobial properties.

Complex DNA binding kinetics resolved by combined circular dichroism and luminescence analysis.

We recently reported that ruthenium complexes, with general structure [mu-bidppz(bipy)4Ru2](4+) (B) or [mu-bidppz(phen)4Ru2](4+) (P) (bidppz=11,11'-bi(dipyrido[3,2- a:2',3'-c]phenazinyl)), show extreme kinetic selectivity for long AT tracts over mixed-sequence calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA), a selectivity that also varies markedly with the size (between B and P) and sense of chirality of the complex. Earlier studies, exploiting the great increase in luminescence intensity when the compound intercalates, have yielded complex kinetics indicating the presence of both first- and second-order processes. Even with a homogeneous DNA sequence, such as poly(dAdT)2, the luminescence kinetics generally requires more than a single exponential for a satisfactory fit. We here reveal that at least part of the complexity is a result of the extreme sensitivity of the effective quantum yield of the complexes, so that the luminescence trajectories also reflect subtle variations in the environment and binding geometry that the complex is sampling on its path to its final binding site. By monitoring the rearrangement process using circular dichroism (CD), we show that threading of both enantiomers of B and P into poly(dAdT)2 is effectively a monoexponential process, as expected if the compounds are not affecting each other during the intercalation process. Thus, the complex luminescence trajectories may be explained by slow relaxations in the binding geometry (DNA conformation) and associated changes in the environment of the entering complexes. To further disentangle the intriguing features of the threading intercalation kinetics, and how they may depend on the flexibility and size of the ruthenium complexes, we have also designed and studied two new ruthenium complexes, [mu-dtpf(phen)4Ru2](4+) (F) (dtpf=4,5,9,12,16,17,21,25-octaaza-23 H-ditriphenyleno[2,3-b:2,3-h]fluorene), in which the bridging ligand is made totally rigid, and [mu-bidppz([12]aneS4) 2Ru2](4+) (S), which has less bulky, nonaromatic ancillary ligands. The threading of F into poly(dAdT)2, also found to be a monoexponential process, is about 3 times slower than for P, indicating that the flexibility of the bridging ligand is an important factor for the intercalation rate. Surprisingly, in contrast to all other compounds, S requires two exponentials to fit its binding kinetics as monitored by CD. Also surprisingly, in view of the smaller steric bulk, even the fastest phase is roughly 2 times slower for S than for B and P. Thus, not only the size of the ancillary ligand but also other properties that can influence the energy landscape of the threading path are rate-determining factors. With mixed-sequence ct-DNA, threading of B and that of P are both multiphasic processes when monitored with CD as well as with luminescence. The rate constants for threading into ct-DNA show much larger variations between complexes than for poly(dAdT)2, confirming earlier results based on luminescence data.

Immobilization of oxomolybdenum species in a layered double hydroxide pillared by 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylate anions.

A Zn,Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) with Zn/Al = 1.45 and containing nitrate anions was prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Zn K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS), thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR and FT Raman spectroscopy, and (27)Al MAS NMR spectroscopy. Three Zn...O and four Zn...M (M = Zn, Al) shells could be fitted to the low-temperature (40 K) EXAFS spectrum, in accordance with a model for an ordered cationic sheet. The nitrate anions were easily exchanged by 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylate anions, resulting in an increase in the basal spacing from 9 to 18 A. The basal spacing of the pillared derivative indicates that the anions are arranged with their longest dimension nearly perpendicular to the host layers. This material exhibits a high encapsulating ability, as evidenced by its interaction with a dichloromethane solution of the dioxomolybdenum(VI) complex MoO(2)Cl(2)(THF)(2). A material with a metal loading of 11.2 wt % was obtained. Molybdenum K-edge EXAFS analysis could not substantiate the formation of a supported complex of the type MoO(2)Cl(2)(N-N) but instead indicated the formation of unidentate-bridged entities of the type [O(2)Mo-O-MoO(2)] with a metal-metal separation of 3.29 A. The molybdenum-containing LDH was active as a catalyst for the liquid-phase epoxidation of cis-cyclooctene, 1-octene, and trans-2-octene using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxygen source, yielding the corresponding epoxides as the only products. For reactions carried out with no additional solvent (other than n-decane) or in the presence of 1,2-dichloroethane, the solid catalyst could be recycled with no major loss of activity. Other tests confirmed that the systems functioned as true heterogeneous catalysts.

Ru(II) electron transfer systems containing S-donor ligands.

The synthesis and properties of 3 new ligand-bridged bimetallic complexes, 1(2+), 2(2+), and 3(2+), containing [RuCl([9]aneS(3))](+) metal centers are reported. Each complex was bridged by a different ditopic ligand. 1(2+) is bridged by 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (bptz), while 2(2+) and 3(2+) are bridged by 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine (dpp) and 2,2'-bipyrimidine (bpym), respectively. The Ru([II]) isovalent states of these complexes have been investigated using a variety of techniques. In the case of 3(2+), X-ray crystallography studies show preferential crystallization of an anti form with respect to coordinated chloride ligands (crystal data for [3][Cl(2)].4H(2)O: C(20)H(38)Cl(4)N(4)O(4)Ru(2)S(6), monoclinic, space group P2(1)/a, a = 10.929(14), b = 13.514(17), c = 11.299(16) A, beta = 90.52(1), V = 1669 A(3), Z = 2). UV/vis spectroscopy shows that spectra of these complexes are dominated by intraligand (pi-->pi) and metal-to-ligand Ru(d)-->L(pi) charge transfer transitions. Electrochemical studies reveal that metal-metal interactions are sufficiently intense to generate the Ru(III)/Ru(II) mixed valence [[RuCl([9]aneS(3))(2)](L-L)](3+) state, where L-L = individual bridging ligands. Although the 1(3+), 2(3+), and 3(3+) mixed valence states were EPR silent at room temperature and 77 K, isotropic solution spectra were observed for the electrochemically generated radical cations 1(+), 2(+), and 3(+), with 1(+) displaying well-resolved hyperfine coupling to bridging ligand nitrogens. Using UV/vis/NIR spectroelectrochemistry, we investigated optical properties of the mixed valence complexes. All three showed intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) bands that are much more intense than electrochemical data indicate. Indeed, a comparison of IVCT data for 1(3+) with an analogous structure containing [(NH3)(3)Ru](2+) metal centers shows that the IVCT in the new complex is an order of magnitude more intense. It is concluded that although the new complexes show relatively weak electrostatic interactions, they possess large resonance energies.

Um estudo comparativo sobre os efeitos da exposiçäo à música em músicos de trio elétricos / A comparative study of the effects of music exposure in \"Trio Elétricos\" musicians

O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever os efeitos auditivos nos músicos de "Trios Elétricos", comparando-os aos de músicos de orquestra sinfônica e rock. Vinte e um músiccos de 15 a 45 anos de idade submeteram-se à anamnese e determinaçao dos níveis mínimos de resposta a tons puros, em ambiente silencioso, antes e depois da apresentaçao. Foram medidos os níveis sonoros no veículo. Os resultados mostraram que, apesar dos níveis sonoros nao serem diferentes para os três grupos musicais, 100 por cento dos músicos de trio elétrico apresentaram TTS entre 10 e 35 dBNA e o zumbido também se manifestou em amior proporçao (76 por cento) do que nos demais grupos. As conclusoes destacam a importância de programa de conservaçao auditiva para músicos com a finalidade de conscientizaçao desses profissionais sobre os riscos auditivos da exposiçao à música excessivamente amplificada.