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1.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop ; 53: e20200255, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33331607

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In the Belém Metropolitan Region (BMR), Pará State, Brazil, American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is endemic; however, very little is known regarding its causative agents. Therefore, we used our standard diagnostic approach combined with an RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RNAPOIILS)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to identify Leishmania spp. ACL agents in this region. METHODS: Thirty-two Leishmania spp. isolates from patients with ACL in the BMR during 1995-2018 were analyzed. Leishmania spp. DNA samples were amplified using the primers RPOR2/RPOF2, and the 615-bp PCR products were subjected to enzymatic digestion using TspRI and HgaI endonucleases. RESULTS: ACL etiological agents in the BMR comprised Leishmania (Viannia) lindenbergi (43.7%) followed by Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni (34.4%), Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (12.5%), and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (9.4%). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, the results of the study revealed for the first time that L. (V.) lindenbergi and L. (V.) lainsoni are the main ACL agents in BMR.


Subject(s)
Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmania , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous , Brazil/epidemiology , Humans , Leishmania/genetics , Leishmania braziliensis/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , United States
2.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 115: e190284, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32049097

ABSTRACT

Despite some phlebotomines being well recognised as vectors of leishmaniasis agents, vector importance of those belonging to the genus Trichophoromyia has not been extensively studied. The present study provides evidence regarding the putative vector role played by some species of Trichophoromyia on leishmanine enzootics, based on literature reports and findings obtained from field experiments conducted in the ecotopes of Pará State, Brazil. The species Th. ubiquitalis, Th. velascoi, Th. auraensis, Th. ininii and Th. brachipyga possess minimal criteria to be included in the list of suspected leishmanine vectors. However, knowledge on man-biting behavior, substantiation of vector competence and determination of epidemiological implications are limited for all of the above mentioned species. Published studies together with present data draw attention to prioritize these phlebotomine species in entomological surveillance programs and studies on experimental susceptibility to Leishmania spp. infection.


Subject(s)
Insect Vectors/parasitology , Leishmania/classification , Psychodidae/parasitology , Animals , DNA, Protozoan/genetics , Leishmania/genetics , Leishmaniasis/transmission , Polymerase Chain Reaction
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20200255, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, Coleciona SUS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1143862

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: In the Belém Metropolitan Region (BMR), Pará State, Brazil, American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is endemic; however, very little is known regarding its causative agents. Therefore, we used our standard diagnostic approach combined with an RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RNAPOIILS)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to identify Leishmania spp. ACL agents in this region. METHODS: Thirty-two Leishmania spp. isolates from patients with ACL in the BMR during 1995-2018 were analyzed. Leishmania spp. DNA samples were amplified using the primers RPOR2/RPOF2, and the 615-bp PCR products were subjected to enzymatic digestion using TspRI and HgaI endonucleases. RESULTS: ACL etiological agents in the BMR comprised Leishmania (Viannia) lindenbergi (43.7%) followed by Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni (34.4%), Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (12.5%), and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (9.4%). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, the results of the study revealed for the first time that L. (V.) lindenbergi and L. (V.) lainsoni are the main ACL agents in BMR.


Subject(s)
Humans , Leishmania braziliensis/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Leishmania/genetics , United States , Brazil/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
4.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop ; 49(6): 772-773, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28001227

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:: The present note discusses some evidence on the increasing potential risk for American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) transmission in the Northern Brazilian State of Amapá, the Guianan-Amazon biome. METHODS: Early and present data about AVL were collected, including our recent entomological findings. RESULTS:: The spread of the sand fly vector Lutzomyia longipalpis, and a sylvatic reservoir host, the crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous in that region represents important findings related to the epidemiology of AVL in the Guianan-Amazon biome. CONCLUSIONS:: These observations suggest that Brazilian authorities need to develop surveillance strategies in these risk areas.


Subject(s)
Disease Reservoirs , Foxes/parasitology , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Leishmania donovani/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/transmission , Psychodidae/parasitology , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Humans , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Male
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 49(6): 772-773, Dec. 2016.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041388

ABSTRACT

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The present note discusses some evidence on the increasing potential risk for American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) transmission in the Northern Brazilian State of Amapá, the Guianan-Amazon biome. METHODS Early and present data about AVL were collected, including our recent entomological findings. RESULTS: The spread of the sand fly vector Lutzomyia longipalpis, and a sylvatic reservoir host, the crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous in that region represents important findings related to the epidemiology of AVL in the Guianan-Amazon biome. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that Brazilian authorities need to develop surveillance strategies in these risk areas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Psychodidae/parasitology , Leishmania donovani/isolation & purification , Disease Reservoirs , Foxes/parasitology , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/transmission , Brazil/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology
6.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 48(3): 265-271, May-Jun/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-749867

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: An entomological study was conducted as part of a vector-monitoring program in the area associated with the Santo Antônio hydroelectric system in State of Rondônia, Western Amazonian Brazil. METHODS: Fourteen sampling sites were surveyed to obtain data on the potential vectors of Leishmania spp. in the area. Sand flies were collected from 2011 to 2014 during the months of January/February (rainy season), May/June (dry season), and September/October (intermediary season) using light traps arranged in three vertical strata (0.5, 1, and 20m). RESULTS : A total of 7,575 individuals belonging to 62 species/subspecies were collected. The five most frequently collected sand flies were Psychodopygus davisi (Root) (36.67%), Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (Mangabeira) (8.51%), Nyssomyia umbratilis (Ward & Fraiha) (6.14%), Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira) (5.74%), and Psychodopygus complexus (Mangabeira) (5.25%). These species have been implicated in the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis agents in the Brazilian Amazon region and described as potential vectors of this disease in the study area. CONCLUSIONS: Additional surveillance is needed, especially in areas where these five species of sand fly are found. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Insect Vectors/classification , Psychodidae/classification , Brazil , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/transmission , Population Density , Power Plants , Seasons
7.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(2): 140-147, abr. 2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-705818

ABSTRACT

The phlebotomine sandfly Trichophoromyia adelsonsouzai sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on the male and female morphological characteristics of specimens collected at Km 27 of the Trans-Amazonian Highway, municipality of Vitória do Xingu, state of Pará, Brazilian Amazonia. This is an area subject to the direct influence of Belo Monte hydroelectric system. With the description of this new species the number of Trichophoromyia sandflies recorded in Brazil is increased to 20.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Insect Vectors/anatomy & histology , Psychodidae/anatomy & histology , Psychodidae/classification , Animal Distribution/classification , Brazil , Energy-Generating Resources , Power Plants , Rainforest , Sex Factors , Species Specificity
8.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(2): 140-7, 2014 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24141964

ABSTRACT

The phlebotomine sandfly Trichophoromyia adelsonsouzai sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on the male and female morphological characteristics of specimens collected at Km 27 of the Trans-Amazonian Highway, municipality of Vitória do Xingu, state of Pará, Brazilian Amazonia. This is an area subject to the direct influence of Belo Monte hydroelectric system. With the description of this new species the number of Trichophoromyia sandflies recorded in Brazil is increased to 20.


Subject(s)
Insect Vectors/anatomy & histology , Psychodidae/anatomy & histology , Psychodidae/classification , Animal Distribution/classification , Animals , Brazil , Energy-Generating Resources , Female , Male , Power Plants , Rainforest , Sex Factors , Species Specificity
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