ABSTRACT
Transparent fluorotellurite glasses were prepared by melt-quenching in the ternary system TeO2-Nb2O5-PbF2. The synthesis conditions were adjusted to minimize fluorine loss monitored as HF release. It was found that 10 mol% of Nb2O5 is the optimum content for PbF2 incorporation up to 35 mol% in the tellurite matrix without loss of glass forming ability. Such glass compositions exhibit a wide optical window from 380 nm to about 6 µm. Crystallization properties were carefully investigated by thermal analysis and compositions with higher PbF2 contents exhibit preferential precipitation of lead oxyfluoride Pb2OF2 at lower temperatures. The lead oxyfluoride crystallization mechanism is also governed by a volume nucleation, barely reported in tellurite glasses. Eu3+ doping of these glass compositions also promotes a more efficient nucleation step under suitable heat-treatments, resulting in transparent Eu3+-doped glass-ceramics whereas undoped glass-ceramics are translucent. Finally, Eu3+ spectroscopy pointed out a progressive, more symmetric surrounding around the rare earth ions with increasing PbF2 contents as well as higher quantum efficiencies. These new fluorotellurite glass compositions are promising as luminescent hosts working in the middle infrared.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: A dispensação de medicamentos corresponde a entrega de medicação ao paciente, mediante solicitação por meio da prescrição. Uma dispensação adequada colabora com a segurança na terapia medicamentosa. Objetivo: Descrever o conhecimento e a atuação dos profissionais da farmácia sobre a dispensação dos medicamentos. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo exploratório-descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado em uma maternidade escola na Região Nordeste do Brasil, com 25 profissionais da farmácia. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes informou que a farmácia estudada utiliza o sistema misto de distribuição dos medicamentos (96,0%), não possui programa informatizado para a dispensação de medicamentos (52,0%), o ambiente de trabalho se encontra inadequado (84,0%), presenciaram (68,0%) ou cometeram (52,0%) erros relativos a dispensação, nunca realizam a dupla checagem (72,0%), sempre identificam e diferenciam o estoque de medicamentos potencialmente perigosos dos demais (80,0%), nunca utilizam fontes de distrações durante a análise e dispensação dos medicamentos (56,0%) e algumas vezes dispensam medicamentos por ordem verbal (60,0%). Conclusão: Verificou-se a necessidade de se modificar a prática da farmácia estudada por meio de educação permanente e implementação de estratégias que minimizem a ocorrência de erros.
Introduction: The dispensing of medication corresponds to the delivery of medication for the patient, upon request by means of prescription. A proper dispensation contributes to safety in drug therapy. Objective: To describe the knowledge and professionals of the pharmacy about the dispensation of medicines. Methods: This is an exploratory-descriptive cross-sectional and quantitative study carried out in a maternity school in the Northeastern region of Brazil, with 25 pharmacy professionals. Results: Most of the participants reported that the pharmacy used the mixed drug distribution system (96.0%). They also reported that there is no computerized dispensing program for medicines (52.0%), and the work environment was inadequate (84.0%). Most of them (68%) have witnessed errors related to the dispensation, or they have made the error themselves (52.0%). Double checking was done by 72.0%. The majority (80%) always identify and differentiate the stock of potentially dangerous drugs from others. Those who never used sources of distraction during the analysis and dispensing of medications were 56.0% and 60% sometimes dispensed medications in verbal order. Conclusion: It was verified the need to modify the practice of the pharmacy studied through permanent education and implementation of strategies that minimize the occurrence of errors.
