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Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 54(6): 696-705, 2016.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27819780

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The risk-benefit of early discharge in newborns is controversial. We haven't found studies that analyze newborn variables and their impact in morbility with early postnatal discharge. We analyze the main variables and their statistical association with the need of additional therapy in early discharged newborns. METHODS: Observational prolective study in full-term newborns from their birth until their discharge from August to December, 2013. It was made a telephone follow-up to know their health status. The dependent variables were the hours of hospital stay, additional therapies and treatment in the first month. RESULTS: 701 full-term newborns were included in the study, 41 used additional treatment, 23 had to be at the ICU (22 < 24 hours). There was a relative risk (RR) of 12.9 if the Apgar was < 8.8. Also, the risk of needing additional therapy was 9 times greater if the baby was born after a pregnancy of less than 38 weeks. Low weight for gestational age triplicated the risk for admission to ICU. The main variables that had an influence in requiring additional therapy were an Apgar < 8 at 5 minutes, having more than 38 weeks of gestation, and low weight. CONCLUSION: The elements to manage patients with early discharge are concrete signs that would cause suspicion, follow-up with pediatrician at 3 days of life, more attention to those with an Apgar < 8 at 5 minutes of life, having less than 38 weeks of gestation, or low birth weight for gestational age.


Introducción: el riesgo-beneficio del alta temprana en neonatos es controversial. No encontramos estudios concluyentes que analicen las variables del neonato y el impacto en su morbilidad al alta temprana. Asociamos estadísticamente variables con alguna terapia adicional que pudiera poner en riesgo al neonato de alta temprana. Métodos: estudio prolectivo observacional en recién nacidos de término desde el nacimiento hasta el alta (de agosto a diciembre de 2013). Se hizo seguimiento telefónico al mes de vida para conocer su estado de salud. Las variables dependientes fueron las horas intrahospitalarias, las terapias adicionales y la atención intrahospitalaria en el primer mes. Resultados: 701 neonatos a término, 41 con terapia adicional, 23 ingresos a UCIN (22 en < 24 horas). Hubo un RR de 12.9 si el Apgar era < 8.8. Hubo 9 veces más riesgo de terapia adicional si había < 38 semanas de gestación. El peso bajo triplicó el riesgo para ingreso a UCIN. Hubo 143 altas tempranas, 58 % seguimiento telefónico, 0 % de reingresos. Las principales variables que influyen en requerir terapia adicional son el Apgar < 8 a los 5 minutos, tener < 38 semanas de gestación y peso bajo.Conclusión: los elementos para el manejo de pacientes con alta temprana son datos de alarma, seguimiento con pediatra a los tres días de vida, vigilancia estrecha si el APGAR es < 8 a los 5 minutos o < 38 semanas de gestación o si hay peso bajo para la edad gestacional.


Subject(s)
Health Status Indicators , Patient Discharge , Postnatal Care/methods , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Mexico , Postnatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Risk Assessment
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