Microbiota en teléfonos móviles de médicos oftalmólogos / Microbiota in mobile phones of medical ophthalmologist

Objetivo: Determinar la microbiota en teléfonos móviles utilizados durante la consulta oftalmológica por parte del personal médico, de los pacientes y de los familiares. Métodos: Se analizaron los teléfonos celulares del personal médico y de los pacientes y/o los familiares en el área de consulta de la especialidad. Se realizó una encuesta para evaluar el patrón de uso y la desinfección de los teléfonos móviles. Se tomó una muestra de raspado de los celulares. Las muestras obtenidas fueron inoculadas en medios de cultivo y se incubaron a 37 °C durante 24 h. Se identificó género y especie en los cultivos positivos y se analizaron los resultados obtenidos utilizando estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se analizaron 71 teléfonos celulares del personal médico y 52 de los pacientes y/o los familiares. Los microorganismos aislados en los teléfonos celulares de los médicos oftalmólogos fueron: estafilococos coagulasa negativa (ECN) 50%, Staphylococcus aureus 32,4%, enterobacterias 4,2%, actinomicetos 4,2 y 9,8% resultaron negativos. Por otro lado, en los teléfonos celulares de los pacientes y los familiares, los microorganismos aislados fueron Staphylococcus aureus 75%, estafilococos coagulasa negativa (ECN) 24% y enterobacterias 1%. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los teléfonos celulares, tanto del personal médico como de los pacientes y sus familiares, contienen bacterias consideradas patógenas que podrían establecer una infección. Es relevante establecer una práctica rutinaria de limpieza del teléfono celular y concienciar a la población de los hábitos de higiene, puesto que en ellos queda el cuidado de sus ojos después de la consulta

Objective: To determine the microbiota of mobile phones used during the ophthalmological consultation by medical personnel, patients, and family members. Methods: An analysis was made on the mobile phones of the medical staff and of patients and/or family members in the area of clinical specialty. A survey was conducted to evaluate the pattern of use and disinfection of mobile phones. A smear sample was taken from the mobile phones. The specimens obtained were inoculated in culture media and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. Genus and species were identified in the positive cultures and the results obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: An analysis was made on 71 mobile phones of medical personnel and 52 from patients and/or family members. The microorganisms isolated in the mobile phones of the ophthalmologists were: coagulase-negative staphylococci 50%, Staphylococcus aureus 32.4%, enterobacteria 4.2%, Actinomycetes 4.2%, and 9.8% were negative. On the other hand, in the phones of patients and relatives, the isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus 75%, coagulase-negative staphylococci 24%, and enterobacteria 1%. Conclusions: The results obtained show that mobile phones, both of the medical staff and of the patients and their relatives, contain bacteria considered pathogenic that could cause an infection. It is important to establish a routine practice of cleaning mobile phones and to make the population aware of hygiene habits, since they are responsible for the care of their eyes after consultation

Hyperglycemia reduces integrin subunits alpha v and alpha 5 on the surface of dermal fibroblasts contributing to deficient migration

Deficient wound healing is a common multifactorial complication in diabetic patients, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved are poorly defined. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of hyperglycemia on integrins expression in rat dermal fibroblasts and addressed its role in cell adhesion and migration. Diabetes Mellitus was induced in rats by streptozotocin injection and maintained for 30 days. Primary cultures of dermal fibroblasts from control and diabetic rats were maintained under low glucose (5 mM d-glucose) or high glucose (30 mM d-glucose) for 7 days. Cell adhesion and migration were studied by kymography, transwell, and time-lapse assays, and the expressions of integrin subunits alpha v and alpha 5 were studied by immunocytochemistry and western blotting. Fibroblasts derived from diabetic rats confirmed a reduced migration speed and delayed spreading compared to fibroblasts derived from control rats. The membrane fraction of diabetic-derived fibroblasts showed a decrease of integrin subunits alpha 5 and alpha v, which was confirmed by immunocytochemistry assays. A reduction in the pericellular fibronectin matrix was also observed. The exposure of diabetic-derived cells to a higher concentration of exogenous fibronectin improved migration velocity and the expression of alpha v but did not completely restore their migration capacity. In conclusion, the mechanisms involved in the deleterious effects of Diabetes Mellitus on wound healing include the ability of fibroblasts to secrete and to adhere to fibronectin

Influence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on hexokinase activity of rat salivary glands

The influence of diabetes on the enzyme hexokinase (HK) was examined in thesalivary glands of rats. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(60 mg/Kg body weight) in overnight fasted rats (180-200 g). The animalswere killed 48 hours and 30 days after the induction of diabetes and the submandibularand parotid salivary glands extracted for use. Hyperglycemia was evaluatedby determining the blood sugar. The area occupied by each intralobular component,acini, ducts, total parenchyma and stroma was measured, and no differenceswere observed compared with control. In the soluble fraction of the submandibulargland, no difference in the specific activity of HK was observed, between the diabeticand control animals, however, the activity per gland and per g of tissue showedlower values than control. The specific activity of the bound form was reduced in thediabetic gland. The results obtained for the parotid gland were different from thesubmandibular. The specific activity of both the soluble and bound forms wereincreased in the diabetic animals. The DEAE-cellulose column chromatography ofthe soluble and bound forms of the enzyme from both glands showed a first peakappearing during the washing of the column and two other peaks were eluted by thegradient. Thus, three isoenzymes in the submandibular and parotid salivary glandsfor the control and diabetic rats have been found (AU)

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