Multiple primary cutaneous plasmacytoma a decade after a nasal solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma: a puzzling case.

Primary cutaneous plasmacytoma should be in the differential diagnosis in case of solitary or multiple erythematous-violaceous nodules or papules. The diagnosis relies on clinical, histological, and immunochemical findings, without underlying evidence of multiple myeloma. Treatment should be individualized, and agents such as bortezomib or lenalidomide have shown to be effective.

Cutaneous annular lesions as the first sign of transformation of follicular lymphoma into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with diverse clinical, pathological and genetic features. An 80-year-old woman was diagnosed with a stage IV-X-A (Ann Arbor staging system) low grade systemic follicular lymphoma (FL). Four months after the diagnosis, she developed asymptomatic, indurated, annular erythematous plaques with centrifugal growth on the abdomen, arms and neck. The skin biopsy revealed a dermal infiltration compatible with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Light chain restriction by flow cytometry was demonstrated. The variable, diverse and joining genes of immunoglobulin G heavy chains were sequenced and cloned, and showed the same pattern for both the initial follicular lymphoma and the skin infiltration. Translocation t (14;18) was present in both samples. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of transformation of follicular lymphoma into diffuse large B cell lymphoma was made. Although other hematological disorders such as primary cutaneous diffuse large B cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides and the cutaneous infiltration of chronic juvenile myeloid leukemia can present as annular lesions, we were unable to find any previous reports of these as a manifestation of cutaneous infiltration by systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Micosis fungoide hipocrómica en la infancia / Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides in childhood

Describimos una niña de 9 años con hepatopatía crónica por atresia de vías biliares congénita. Mostró a los 4 años de edad lesiones maculosas hipocrómicasen glúteos y extremidades inferiores, algunas de ellas con componente purpúrico. Fue biopsiada a los 7 y 8 años de edad con estudio inmunocitoquímicoque confirmó micosis fungoide hipocrómica. Se discute la micosis fungoide en la infancia, su pronóstico y tratamiento. Concluimos,que ante lesiones hipopigmentadas refractarias al tratamiento, conviene realizar biopsia cutánea para descartar micosis fungoide hipocrómica

A 9 year old girl with chronic hepatic disease by congenital byliary atresia is reported. When she was 4 years old presented a hypopigmented macularlesions in the buttocks and lower limbs, some of them with purpuric component. Two biopsies with immunohistochemical study confirmed hypopigmentedmycosis fungoides. We discuss mycosis fungoides in childhood, its pronostic and treatment. We conclude, that hypopigmented lesions refractaryto treatment should always undergo biopsy to rule hypopigmented mycosis fungoides

[Familial pemphigus vulgaris: immunogenetic study of HLA class II antigens]. / Pénfigo vulgar familiar: estudio inmunogenético de los antígenos HLA clase II.

INTRODUCTION: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune bullous disease that affects the skin and mucosae, characterized by the presence of antibodies against desmoglein 3, that causes acantholisis and formation of intraepidermal blisters. Observation of PV cases in several members of the same family suggests the existence of genetic factors that contribute to susceptibility to suffer the disease. However, very few cases of familial PV have been described. Based on its autoimmune nature, many studies have found an association between PV and the HLA class II allele, specifically with the HLA-DRB1*0402 DQB1*0302 and HLA-DRB1*1401 DQB1*0503 haplotypes that bestows a significant risk of disease. OBJECTIVES: Study of three families with PV. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, we present three families, with a total of 7 patients, diagnosed of familial PV. HLA antigens were determined with the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique in several members of these families. RESULTS: All the subjects affected were positive for HLA DR4 and HLA DR14. The fact that different families with PV are associated with identical haplotypes and that healthy siblings of the patients have the same haplotype is of special interest. CONCLUSION: These results support the concept of genetic predisposition in this rare disease.

Pénfigo vulgar familiar: estudio inmunogenético de los antígenos HLA clase II / Familial pemphigus vulgaris: immunogenetic study of HLA class II antigens

Introducción. El pénfigo vulgar (PV) es una rara enfermedad ampollosa autoinmune que afecta a la piel y a las mucosas, caracterizada por la presencia de autoanticuerpos dirigidos contra la desmogleína 3, causando acantolisis y formación de ampollas intraepidérmicas. La observación de casos de PV en varios miembros de una familia sugiere la existencia de factores genéticos que contribuyen a una susceptibilidad a padecer la enfermedad; sin embargo, son muy pocos los casos descritos de PV familiar. Basándose en su naturaleza autoinmune, numerosos estudios han determinado una asociación entre el PV y los alelos antígenos de histocompatibilidad (HLA) clase II; en concreto con los haplotipos HLA-DRB1*0402 DQB1*0302 y HLA-DRB1* 1401 DQB1*0503 que confieren un riesgo significativo de enfermedad. Objetivos. Estudio de tres familias con PV. Pacientes y métodos. En este estudio presentamos tres familias diagnosticadas de PV familiar, con 7 pacientes. Determinamos los antígenos HLA mediante la técnica de PCR (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa) en varios miembros de estas familias. Resultados. Todos los individuos afectos fueron positivos para HLA DR4 y HLA DR14. Es de especial interés el hecho de que diferentes familias con PV se asocien con haplotipos idénticos y que hermanos sanos de los pacientes tengan el mismo haplotipo. Conclusiones. Estos resultados apoyan el concepto de la predisposición genética en esta rara enfermedad

Introduction. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune bullous disease that affects the skin and mucosae, characterized by the presence of antibodies against desmoglein 3, that causes acantholisis and formation of intraepidermal blisters. Observation of PV cases in several members of the same family suggests the existence of genetic factors that contribute to susceptibility to suffer the disease. However, very few cases of familial PV have been described. Based on its autoimmune nature, many studies have found an association between PV and the HLA class II allele, specifically with the HLA-DRB1*0402 DQB1*0302 and HLA-DRB1*1401 DQB1*0503 haplotypes that bestows a significant risk of disease. Objectives. Study of three families with PV. Patients and methods. In this study, we present three families, with a total of 7 patients, diagnosed of familial PV. HLA antigens were determined with the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique in several members of these families. Results: All the subjects affected were positive for HLA DR4 and HLA DR14. The fact that different families with PV are associated with identical haplotypes and that healthy siblings of the patients have the same haplotype is of special interest. Conclusion. These results support the concept of genetic predisposition in this rare disease