Anthropometric indicators as discriminators of high body fat in children and adolescents with HIV: comparison with reference methods.

BACKGROUND: Body fat assessment is needed in individuals with HIV. The objective was to identify the discriminatory capacity of the abdominal skinfold (ASF) tricipital skinfold (TSF), subscapular fold (SSF), calf skinfold (CSF), body adiposity index (BAI), body mass index, conicity index (IC), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference (WC), perimeter of neck (PN) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) for high body fat in children and adolescents with HIV, compared Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP). METHODS: Descriptive study, cross - sectional study, with 65 children and adolescents with HIV by vertical transmission. Body fat was measured by DXA and ADP. Measures were measured by international standardization. The diagnostic properties for high body fat were assessed by area under the ROC curve (AUC). RESULTS: For boys, having DXA as a reference for fat, ASF (AUC: 0.920), TSF (AUC: 0.792), SSF (AUC: 0.766), CSF (AUC: 0.866), BAI satisfactory discriminatory capacity. With ADP as the reference method, ASF (AUC: 0.920), TSF (AUC: 0.921), SSF (AUC: 0.766), CSF (AUC: 0.901), BAI (AUC: 0.756) and BMI (AUC: 0.699) presented satisfactory results. For girls, having DXA as a reference for fat, ASF (AUC: 0.838), TSF (AUC: 0.842), SSF (AUC: 0.840), CSF (AUC: 0.887), BAI (AUC: 0.846), and BMI (AUC: 0.859) presented satisfactory discriminatory capacity. Assuming ADP as a reference for fat, ASF (AUC [AUC: 0.799], TSF [AUC: 0.825], SSF [AUC: 0.767], CSF [AUC: 0.897], BAI 0.788), were satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: The ASF, TSF, SSF, CSF, BAI and BMI anthropometric indicators may be suggested as the most suitable for the detection of high body fat in children and adolescents with HIV.

Clusters of cardiovascular risk factors and its association with muscle strength in adults.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between muscle strength (MS) and clusters of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in adults. METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional study comprising 533 adults (45.3±11.1 years) from Florianópolis, Brazil. MS - calculated as the ratio between absolute strength (kgf) and body mass (kg) - was measured by handgrip dynamometry. Data on blood pressure, waist circumference, lipids and blood glucose were used to identify MetS components that were analyzed as individual variables and clusters. Multiple linear regression adjusted was used. RESULTS: Individually, MS was inversely associated with all MetS components (1, 2, 3 and 4 factors, ß of at least -0.08 kgf/kg). In addition, MS was negatively associated with number of positive MetS components (1, 2, 3 and 4 factors; ß of at least -0.05 kgf/kg). Individually or combined in clusters of two, three and four risk factors (ß of at least -0.20 kgf/kg), abdominal obesity was directly associated with lower MS values. All combinations of 3 and 4 MetS components (ß of at least -0.13 kgf/kg) were inversely associated with MS. CONCLUSIONS: Greater number of individual MetS components were related to lower MS values.

Screen time by different devices in adolescents: association with physical inactivity domains and eating habits.

BACKGROUND: Sedentary behaviors in adolescents are associated with using screen devices, analyzed as the total daily time in television viewing, using the computer and video game. However, an independent and clustered analysis of devices allows greater understanding of associations with physical inactivity domains and eating habits in adolescents. METHODS: Sample of adolescents aged 10-17 years (N.=1011) from public and private schools, randomly selected. The use of screen devices was measured by hours per week spent in each device: TV, computer, videogames and mobile phone/tablet. Physical inactivity domains (school, leisure and sports), eating habits (weekly food consumption frequency) and socioeconomic status were assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of high use of mobile phone/tablet was 70% among adolescents, 63% showed high use of TV or computer and 24% reported high use of videogames. High use of videogames was greater among boys and high use of mobile phone/tablet was higher among girls. Significant associations of high use of TV (OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.04-1.99), computer (OR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.03-2.02), videogames (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.13-2.69) and consumption of snacks were observed. High use of computer was associated with fried foods consumption (OR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.01-1.75) and physical inactivity (OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.03-1.95). Mobile phone was associated with consumption of sweets (OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.00-1.80). Cluster using screen devices showed associations with high consumption of snacks, fried foods and sweets, even after controlling for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: The high use of screen devices was associated with high consumption of snacks, fried foods, sweets and physical inactivity in adolescents.

Sociodemographic determinants of university students' lifestyles.

OBJECTIVE: It has been observed during recent decades that a large percentage of the population has an inadequate lifestyle and that there is a need for identifying factors determining such behavior pattern. This study was thus aimed at determining the association between lifestyle and sociodemographic variables of freshmen attending a state university in southern Brazil. METHODS: The sample consisted of 716 students (59.6 % female). The Fantastic questionnaire was used for evaluating the students' lifestyles; their lifestyle was classified as being suitable or inadequate. The sociodemographic variables of interest were gender, age group (<20 and ≥ 20 years), paid work (yes or no), maternal education (≤ 4 years of study, 5-8 years and ≥ 9 years), study shift (daytime or night-time) and marital status (single and married). Binary logistic regression was used for determining associations between lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics (p<0.05 being significant). RESULTS: Inadequate lifestyle prevalence was 5.3 %. Adjusted analysis results indicated that students over 20 years-old (OR=2.87: 1.37-6.03 95 %CI) whose mothers' formal education had lasted less than nine years (OR=2.23: 1.29-3.88 95 %CI) had a higher risk of having an inadequate lifestyle. CONCLUSION: These findings may be useful for developing university healthcare promotion programs, paying special attention to older freshmen whose mothers have had less formal education.

Is income area level associated with blood pressure in adults regardless of individual-level characteristics? A multilevel approach.

This population-based health survey was carried out in Florianopolis, Brazil, to assess the association between adult systolic blood pressure (SBP) and contextual income level, after controlling for potential individual-level confounders. A statistically significant negative association between SBP levels and contextual income was identified after adjusting for individual-level characteristics. SBP levels in the highest and in the intermediate tertiles of contextual income were 5.78 and 2.82 mm Hg lower, respectively, than that observed in the bottom tertile. The findings suggest an association between income area level and blood pressure, regardless of well-known individual-level hypertension risk factors.

Sociodemographic determinants of university students' lifestyles / Determinantes sociodemográficos del estilo de vida en universitarios

Objective It has been observed during recent decades that a large percentage of the population has an inadequate lifestyle and that there is a need for identifying factors determining such behavior pattern. This study was thus aimed at determining the association between lifestyle and sociodemographic variables of freshmen attending a state university in southern Brazil. Methods The sample consisted of 716 students (59.6 % female). The Fantastic questionnaire was used for evaluating the students' lifestyles; their lifestyle was classified as being suitable or inadequate. The sociodemographic variables of interest were gender, age group (<20 and ≥ 20 years), paid work (yes or no), maternal education (≤4 years of study, 5-8 years and ≥9 years), study shift (daytime or night-time) and marital status (single and married). Binary logistic regression was used for determining associations between lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics (p<0.05 being significant). Results Inadequate lifestyle prevalence was 5.3 %. Adjusted analysis results indicated that students over 20 years-old (OR=2.87: 1.37-6.03 95 %CI) whose mothers' formal education had lasted less than nine years (OR=2.23: 1.29-3.88 95 %CI) had a higher risk of having an inadequate lifestyle. Conclusion These findings may be useful for developing university healthcare promotion programs, paying special attention to older freshmen whose mothers have had less formal education.

Objetivo En las últimas décadas se ha observado que gran parte de la población presenta un estilo de vida inadecuado, destacando la necesidad de identificar determinantes que pueden influenciar en este patrón de comportamiento. Frente a esta situación, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre el estilo de vida y los determinantes sociodemográficos de individuos recién matriculados en una universidad pública del sur de Brasil. Métodos La muestra fue conformada por 716 universitarios (56,6 % del sexo femenino). Para la evaluación del estilo de vida se utilizó el "Cuestionario Fantástico". El estilo de vida de los universitarios se clasificó como adecuado e inadecuado. Los determinantes sociodemográficos fueron: sexo (masculino y femenino), rango de edad (<20 y ≥20 años), trabajo remunerado (sí y no), escolaridad de la madre (≤4 años de estudio, 5-8 años y ≥9 años), turno de estudio (diurno y nocturno) y estado civil (soltero y casado). Se utilizó regresión logística para examinar las asociaciones entre el estilo de vida y los aspectos sociodemográficos, considerando p<0,05. Resultados La prevalencia del estilo de vida inadecuado fue de 5,3 %. Los resultados en el análisis ajustado demostraron que los universitarios mayores de 20 años (OR=2,87; IC95 %:1,37-6,03) y con baja escolaridad materna (de 9 años) (OR=2,23; IC95 %:1,29-3,88) presentaron un riesgo mayor para adquirir un estilo de vida inadecuado. Conclusiones Estos resultados pueden ser de utilidad para el desarrollo de programas de promoción de la salud en la universidad, destacando de manera especial a los recién matriculados (universitarios mayores de edad) y con baja escolaridad materna.

Prevalência de síndrome metabólica em homens / Metabolic syndrome prevalence in males / Prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en hombres

Objetivos Verificar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica (SM) em funcionários de uma empresa metalúrgica do Distrito Federal, por faixa etária e classificação étnico-racial; comparar indicadores bioquímicos, antropométricos e hemodinâmicos, de acordo com ausência e presença da SM. Métodos Participaram do estudo 125 homens (20-69 anos). As seguintes variáveis foram coletadas: idade, etnia, massa corporal, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência do abdômen (CA), glicemia, triglicerídeos, colesterol total (CT), lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-c) e pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD). Resultados A prevalência de SM foi de 28 por cento. Os indivíduos com presença da SM apresentaram valores superiores de triglicerídeos, IMC, CA, PAS, PAD e inferiores de HDL-c. Observou-se aumento na presença de SM com o avanço da idade, em maior proporção (45,9 por cento) naqueles com idade superior a 40 anos. Conclusões A SM foi elevada em homens trabalhadores de uma empresa metalúrgica e esta se associou com a idade.

Objective Determining metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence amongst employees from a steel company in Distrito Federal according to age and ethnic-racial classification, comparing biochemical, anthropometric and hemodynamic indicators according to MS presence or absence. Methods A total of 125 men (aged 20-69) participated in the study. Data was collected regarding age, ethnic origin, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Results MS prevalence was 28 percent. Subjects suffering from MS presented higher triglyceride levels, had greater BMI, waist circumference, SBP and DBP and lower HDL-c. Increased MS frequency was observed with age, having higher frequency (45.9 percent) amongst subjects aged more than 40. Conclusions MS prevalence was high amongst steel company workers; the condition was associated with age.

Objetivos Investigar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico (SM) en los empleados de una empresa metalúrgica en el Distrito Federal, por edad y clasificación etno-racial; comparar los indicadores bioquímicos, antropométricos y hemodinámicos, según la presencia o ausencia de SM. Métodos El estudio incluyó a 125 hombres (20-69 años). Se incluyeron las siguientes variables: edad, etnia, masa corporal, talla (estatura), índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia abdominal (CA), glucosa, triglicéridos, colesterol total (CT), lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL-c) y la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD). Resultados La prevalencia del SM fue de 28 por ciento. Los individuos con presencia del síndrome metabólico mostraron valores altos de triglicéridos, IMC, CA, PAS, PAD y bajos valores de HDL-C. Se observó también, un aumento en la presencia del SM con el avanzo de la edad y una mayor proporción (45,9 por ciento) en los mayores de 40 años de edad. Conclusiones El SM presentó una alta prevalencia en los trabajadores de una empresa metalúrgica, lo cual se asoció con la edad.

[Metabolic syndrome prevalence in males]. / Prevalência de síndrome metabólica em homens.

OBJECTIVE: Determining metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence amongst employees from a steel company in Distrito Federal according to age and ethnic-racial classification, comparing biochemical, anthropometric and hemodynamic indicators according to MS presence or absence. METHODS: A total of 125 men (aged 20-69) participated in the study. Data was collected regarding age, ethnic origin, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). RESULTS: MS prevalence was 28 %. Subjects suffering from MS presented higher triglyceride levels, had greater BMI, waist circumference, SBP and DBP and lower HDL-c. Increased MS frequency was observed with age, having higher frequency (45.9 %) amongst subjects aged more than 40. CONCLUSIONS: MS prevalence was high amongst steel company workers; the condition was associated with age.

The prevalence of physical inactivity amongst Brazilian university students: its association with sociodemographic variables / Prevalencia de sedentarismo en universitarios brasileños: asociación con variables sociodemográficas / Prevalência de sedentarismo em universitários brasileiros: associação com variáveis sociodemográficas

Objective The prevalence of physical inactivity amongst adults has been increasing worldwide; however, few studies have been conducted on university freshmen. The present investigation was aimed at determining the prevalence of physical inactivity amongst Brazilian university freshmen and its association with sociodemographic variables. Methods The database for the research project entitled, "Evaluating health-related physical fitness of students from the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil," was used for this study. A total of 762 students (445 males) having 20.2 (4.7) mean age were studied. The participants' level of physical activity was measured by IPAQ; sociodemographic variables were self-reported and then recorded. The chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used for statistical analysis (significance level was set at p<0.05). Results The prevalence of physical inactivity was 13.8 percent amongst the students studied. Female and night-course students presented a 1.69 (CI 95 percent: 1.10-2.57) and 1.70 (CI95 percent: 1.09-2.66) times greater chance of presenting physical inactivity than male students and those on day-courses, respectively. Conclusion The main risk groups for physical inactivity were female and night-course students.

Objetivo La prevalencia de sedentarismo en adultos está incrementándose en todo el mundo. Sin embargo, pocos estudios se han llevado a cabo con universitarios que acaban de ingresar. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la prevalencia de sedentarismo entre universitarios que acaban de ingresar y su asociación com variables sociodemográficas. Métodos El estudio fue realizado teniendo en cuenta la base de datos del proyecto de investigación "Evaluación de la aptitud física relacionada con la salud de estudiantes de la Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil". Fueron investigados 762 universitários (445 del sexo masculino), con una media de 20,2 (4,7) años de edad. Se obtuvo información sobre el nivel de actividad física y las variables sociodemográficas. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y regresión logística binaria. El nível de significancia fue establecido en p<0,05. Resultados La prevalencia de sedentarismo en los universitarios investigados fue de 8,1 por ciento. Estudiantes del sexo femenino y estudiantes del turno nocturno presentaron 1,7 veces mayores probabilidad de sedentarismo con respecto al sexo masculino y turno diurno, respectivamente. Conclusión Los principales grupos de riesgo para presentar sedentarismo fueron los estudiantes del sexo femenino y del turno nocturno.

Objetivo A prevalência de sedentarismo em adultos vem aumentando em todo o mundo, contudo, poucos estudos têm sido realizados em universitários recém ingressos. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência de sedentarismo entre universitários recém ingressos e sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas Métodos Este estudo foi realizado com base no banco de dados do projeto de pesquisa "Avaliação da aptidão física relacionada à saúde de universitários da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil". Foram investigados 762 universitários (445 do sexo masculino), com média de 20,2 (4,7) anos de idade. Foram coletadas informações referentes ao nível de atividade física e variáveis sociodemográficas. Para análise estatística foram empregados os testes do qui-quadrado e regressão logística binária. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em p<0,05. Resultados A prevalência de sedentarismo dos universitários investigados foi de 13,8 por cento. Universitários do sexo feminino e estudantes do turno noturno apresentaram 1,7 vezes mais chance para sedentarismo em relação ao sexo masculino e turno diurno, respectivamente. Conclusão: Os principais grupos de risco para apresentar sedentarismo foram compostos por estudantes do sexo feminino e do turno noturno.

The prevalence of physical inactivity amongst Brazilian university students: its association with sociodemographic variables.

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of physical inactivity amongst adults has been increasing worldwide; however, few studies have been conducted on university freshmen. The present investigation was aimed at determining the prevalence of physical inactivity amongst Brazilian university freshmen and its association with sociodemographic variables. METHODS: The database for the research project entitled, 'Evaluating health-related physical fitness of students from the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil,' was used for this study. A total of 762 students (445 males) having 20.2 (4.7) mean age were studied. The participants' level of physical activity was measured by IPAQ; sociodemographic variables were self-reported and then recorded. The chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used for statistical analysis (significance level was set at p<0.05). RESULTS: The prevalence of physical inactivity was 13.8 % amongst the students studied. Female and night-course students presented a 1.69 (CI 95 %: 1.10-2.57) and 1.70 (CI95 %: 1.09-2.66) times greater chance of presenting physical inactivity than male students and those on day-courses, respectively. CONCLUSION: The main risk groups for physical inactivity were female and night-course students.