ABSTRACT
Resumen La crisis financiera ha impulsado severas medidas de austeridad al sistema español de atención a la salud, entre las que se destacan la reducción del gasto público, la modificación del principio básico de cobertura universal, el copago y las reformas laborales. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio cualitativo sobre la percepción del personal sanitario y de la población de los impactos de la crisis en el sistema sanitario y de la salud en las áreas rurales. Se consideró la metodología cualitativa como la opción idónea para el estudio de un fenómeno complejo, en el que se buscó profundidad en su comprensión, teniendo en cuenta los significados y el contexto. El estudio se realizó en tres valles del Pirineo navarro. Se llevaron a cabo 22 entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave y de perfiles no expertos, que fueron analizadas según el análisis sociológico del discurso. La desigual accesibilidad a los servicios de salud por parte de la población rural fue el factor identificado de forma unánime como la mayor amenaza y desafío para estos territorios. Una desigualdad que se consideró agravada en la población más envejecida. Las personas entrevistadas no refirieron un impacto negativo en la calidad del servicio de atención primaria, sino que lo localizaron en el entorno urbano y en la asistencia especializada. Los impactos diferenciados de las políticas en las zonas rurales exigen más investigación atendiendo a sus particularidades y de esta forma comprender el impacto específico de la crisis en estos territorios.
Abstract The financial crisis has led to severe austerity measures in the Spanish health care system, among which are the reduction of public spending, the modification of the basic principle of universal coverage, the co-payment and labor reforms. This article presents the findings from a qualitative study that explores the perceptions of primary health care professionals and population of the effects of the crisis on the health system and health in rural areas. The qualitative methodology was considered ideal for the study of a complex phenomenon. We looked for depth in the understanding considering meanings and context. The study was carried out in three valleys of the Spanish Pyrenees (Navarra). We conducted 22 semi-structured interviews with key informants and non-expert profiles analyzed according to the sociological analysis of the speech. The unequal accessibility to health services by rural population was unanimously identified as the greatest threat and challenge for these territories. An inequality that was considered aggravated in older population. The people interviewed did not mention a negative impact on the quality of rural primary care service. They noticed that quality of health care had become worse in urban centers and in specialized healthcare. The differential impacts of policies in rural areas require more research, considering their particularities and thus understanding the specific impact of the crisis on these territories.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Systems , Rural Areas , Qualitative Research , Economics , SpainABSTRACT
Objetivo. Conocer los impactos en salud percibidos por vecinos y agentes sociales como consecuencia de dos intervenciones de regeneración urbana (nueva lonja de pescado y reordenación de La Herrera Norte/Oeste) en la bahía de Pasaia (Gipuzkoa, España) que han sido objeto de una evaluación del impacto en salud (EIS). Método. Metodología cualitativa. Muestreo teórico e intencional. Generación de información mediante 18 entrevistas personales y cinco grupos de discusión. Análisis conforme al modelo de análisis sociológico del discurso. Triangulación y contraste de los resultados preliminares entre miembros del equipo y participantes del estudio. Resultados. Se identifican cuatro áreas interrelacionadas de impacto en salud: calidad urbana, conectividad, cohesión social y, en menor grado, empleo. Se señalan los aspectos concretos de mejora a tener en cuenta en cada ámbito, así como la influencia del contexto sociopolítico y las concepciones sobre la salud. Las repercusiones del proceso de ejecución de las obras y las diferentes perspectivas según los roles y perfiles sociales de los participantes constituyen hallazgos asimismo importantes. Conclusiones. El conocimiento de las percepciones y expectativas de los afectados mediante los métodos cualitativos aporta elementos e interrelaciones novedosas y necesarias para la aplicación de la EIS como herramienta de mejora de la salud y de participación ciudadana (AU)
Aim. To determine the health impact perceived by residents and social players involved in two urban regeneration interventions (a new fish market and the redevelopment of North/West Herrera) in Pasaia Bay (Gipuzkoa, Spain) that have been the subject of a health impact assessment (HIA). Method. Qualitative methodology was used with theoretical and intentional sampling. Information was obtained through 18 personal interviews and five discussion groups and was analyzed in accordance with the sociological analysis model of discourse. The preliminary results were triangulated and contrasted among the team members and those taking part in the study. Results. Four interrelated areas of health impact were identified: urban quality, connectivity, social cohesion, and-to a lesser extent-employment. Specific aspects for improvement were indicated for each field, as well as the influence of the sociopolitical context and conceptions of health. Other significant findings were the impact of the process of carrying out the building work and the distinct perspectives due to the differing roles and social profiles of participants. Conclusions. Knowledge of the perceptions and expectations of affected individuals through qualitative methods provides novel elements and interrelations that are needed to apply HIA as a tool for improving health and for citizen participation (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , /methods , /standards , Environment/policies , Health Impact Assessment/instrumentation , Health Impact Assessment/methods , Health Impact Assessment , Socioeconomic Factors , Social Participation , Focus Groups/methodsABSTRACT
AIM: To determine the health impact perceived by residents and social players involved in two urban regeneration interventions (a new fish market and the redevelopment of North/West Herrera) in Pasaia Bay (Gipuzkoa, Spain) that have been the subject of a health impact assessment (HIA). METHOD: Qualitative methodology was used with theoretical and intentional sampling. Information was obtained through 18 personal interviews and five discussion groups and was analyzed in accordance with the sociological analysis model of discourse. The preliminary results were triangulated and contrasted among the team members and those taking part in the study. RESULTS: Four interrelated areas of health impact were identified: urban quality, connectivity, social cohesion, and-to a lesser extent-employment. Specific aspects for improvement were indicated for each field, as well as the influence of the sociopolitical context and conceptions of health. Other significant findings were the impact of the process of carrying out the building work and the distinct perspectives due to the differing roles and social profiles of participants. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the perceptions and expectations of affected individuals through qualitative methods provides novel elements and interrelations that are needed to apply HIA as a tool for improving health and for citizen participation.
