ABSTRACT
Ischemic stroke is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Autophagy, a process of intracellular degradation, has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as essential regulators of autophagy in various diseases, including ischemic stroke. Recent studies have identified several lncRNAs that modulate autophagy in ischemic stroke, including MALAT1, MIAT, SNHG12, H19, AC136007. 2, C2dat2, MEG3, KCNQ1OT1, SNHG3, and RMRP. These lncRNAs regulate autophagy by interacting with key proteins involved in the autophagic process, such as Beclin-1, ATG7, and LC3. Understanding the role of lncRNAs in regulating autophagy in ischemic stroke may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of this disease and identify potential therapeutic targets for its treatment.
ABSTRACT
High-order harmonics driven by phase- and polarization-structured femtosecond pulses are unique sources of the extreme ultraviolet vortex and vector beams, which have various applications. Here, we report the generation of intense high-order harmonics during propagation of the polarization-structured vector beams (radially polarized beam, azimuthally polarized beam, and their superposition) through the laser-induced plasmas (In, C, CdS, Zns, Ag2S). Low-order harmonics became stronger with radially polarized and azimuthally polarized driving beams compared with the linearly polarized beams, which is explained on the basis of phase matching and specific properties of vector beams. Contrary to that, the resonance-enhanced harmonic generated in the indium plasma in the case of radially polarized and azimuthally polarized beams was twice weaker compared with the harmonic generated by the LP beam due to modification in the resonant transition selection rules leading to a decrease of the oscillator strength of ionic transitions. Harmonic cut-off and intensity in the case of superposition of the radially and azimuthally polarized beams were lesser compared with the cases of the individual (radially polarized and azimuthally polarized) beams.
