ABSTRACT
The effect of the preparations produced from needles and wood of various coniferous species on the activities of L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) and peroxidase (PO; EC 1.11.1.7), the enzymes involved in the development of plant defense response, was studied. It was demonstrated that treatment of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) primary leaves with biological preparations produced from coniferous plants caused a transient increase in PAL and PO activities. The induction of these enzyme activities depends on the concentration of preparations and plant immune status. The results obtained suggest that coniferous metabolites are of interest as a source of plant extracts with the elicitor effect, increasing the resistance of plants to phytopathogens and adverse environmental factors.
Subject(s)
Peroxidase/metabolism , Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase/metabolism , Plant Preparations/pharmacology , Tracheophyta/chemistry , Triticum/drug effects , Triticum/enzymology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Leaves/drug effects , Plant Leaves/enzymologyABSTRACT
The characteristic of hearing in the dolphin Tursiops truncatus were investigated by the method of motor-feeding conditioned reflexes under conditions of frequency--time signal indeterminancy with background noise. It was shown that the effectiveness of auditory detection of tone--pulse signals is invariant with respect to Doppler and shift signal transformations, while the number of waves is a characteristic parameter of the auditory system.
Subject(s)
Auditory Perception/physiology , Dolphins/physiology , Animals , Discrimination, Psychological/physiologyABSTRACT
The echo-location characteristics were studied in dolphins with the aid of transformation of stimuli not altering the reception characteristics in analysing systems. The dolphin locator was shown to be able to single out a class of equivalent in respect to certain transformations echo-signals. The probability of the target recognition is invariable in respect to transformations of homothetic type and module transformations, i.e. the principle of invariability spreads over the work of dolphin's auditory analyser in active regimen too.
Subject(s)
Dolphins/physiology , Echolocation/physiology , Neural Analyzers/physiology , Orientation/physiology , AnimalsABSTRACT
Resolution of human auditory analyser to tine-impulse signals in the noise has been studied AX method was put in the basis of the experiment. Signals were the sinusoid intercepts. Relationships between probability of erroneous distinguishing of the signals and untuning, signal/noise and number of periods in the frequency range from 150 to 4800 Hz. It has been shown that the accepting auditory properties are invariants to the time transformations, the wave number of the sinusoid being the determining characteristics of the stimulus. A concept of frequency--time band of the auditory system is introduced. Its width according to the experimental data depends on the signal/noise ratio.
Subject(s)
Auditory Perception/physiology , Neural Analyzers/physiology , Adult , Discrimination, Psychological/physiology , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Dynamics of changes in the thin structure of the spectrum of dolphin communication signals is studied using Furie algorythm of fast transformation. Computer analysis of whistle signals allows to obtain quantitative evaluations of spectral characteristics and shows that coding of information in dolphin communication signals may be carried out by controling of signal harmony power and multiplicative modulation of frequencies of the basic tone and harmony.
Subject(s)
Dolphins/physiology , Vocalization, Animal/physiology , Animals , Biophysical Phenomena , BiophysicsABSTRACT
In experiments on the porpose T. truncatus, using motor-feeding conditioned reflex technique, studies have been made on hearing under the conditions of frequency-temporal indetermination of the signal presented at noise background. It was shown that the effectiveness of auditory detection of tone-impulse signals is invariant with respect to Doppler and shift transformation of the signal, whereas the number of waves serves as a characteristic parameter of the auditory system in the porpoise.
Subject(s)
Auditory Perception/physiology , Dolphins/physiology , Animals , Conditioning, ClassicalABSTRACT
Experimental data are presented on evaluating the efficiency of auditory perception of the dolphin Tursiops truncatus of tonal signals of different duration and of the fixed energy on the background of Gauss obstacle. The dependence of percepting properties on time characteristics of the signal are stated. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of dolphin auditory system with that of the coordinated filter is carried out. Biological receiving systems are shown to be adaptive. The self-tuning linits of the dolphin auditory system at a given level of the possibility of correct detection are determined.
Subject(s)
Auditory Perception , Dolphins/physiology , Acoustic Stimulation , Animals , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Hearing characteristics under the conditions of spacial indetermination of overthreshold tonic signal were studied on dolphins Tursiops truncatus by the method of motordigestive conditional reflexes. High efficiency of spacial analysis on the frequencies 5, 20, 80, 100 kHz was shown. The criterium of relative loss of information in the channel was used for evaluating integral index of efficiency of dolphin spacial hearing.
