ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was to perform an immunohistochemical and histological evaluation of samples taken from different bone regeneration procedures in atrophic human mandible. 30 patients (15 men and 15 women, age range of 35-60 years), non-smokers, with good general and oral health were recruited in this study and divided into three groups. The first group included patients who were treated with blood Concentration Growth Factors (bCGF), the second group included patients who were treated with a mixture of bCGF and autologous bone, while the third group of patients was treated with bCGF and tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (TCP-HA). Six months after the regenerative procedures, all patients undergone implant surgery, and a bone biopsy was carried out in the site of implant insertion. Each sample was histologically and immunohistochemically examined. Histological evaluation showed a complete bone formation for group II, partial ossification for group I, and moderate ossification for group III. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the three groups, and the best clinical result was obtained with a mixture of bCGF and autologous bone.
Subject(s)
Bone Remodeling/drug effects , Bone Transplantation , Hydroxyapatites/therapeutic use , Immunohistochemistry , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/therapeutic use , Mandible/drug effects , Mandible/surgery , Mandibular Diseases/therapy , Adult , Atrophy , Biopsy , Dental Implantation , Europe , Female , Humans , Male , Mandible/metabolism , Mandible/pathology , Mandibular Diseases/metabolism , Mandibular Diseases/pathology , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Transplantation, Autologous , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Prox1 is a key regulator of lymphatic endothelial cell commitment during embryonic development. No correlations between Prox1 and VEGF-C/VEGFR3 expression in cervical cancer has been done until now. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the peculiarities of Prox1, VEGF-C and VEGFR3 expression during uterine cervix neoplasia progression. Material and methods. One hundred and four specimens taken from women with macroscopically detectable lesions were classified by histopathology and analyzed by immunohistochemistry for Prox1, VEGFR3 and VEGF-C expression. Results. The presence of Prox1 nuclear expression was detected starting from CIN2 and CIN3 lesions to microinvasive carcinoma, in the nuclei of lymphatic and venous endothelial cells and scattered stromal cells. All Prox1 positive lymphatic vessels were positive for VEGFR3. A significant correlation was found between expression of VEGF-C in tumor cells and nuclear density of Prox1 positive lymphatic cells (p=0.044). Conclusion. The commitment of Prox1 positive cells through a lymphatic lineage is an early event for cervical neoplastic progression, being present starting with intraepithelial cervical lesions, and is strongly associated with VEGFR3 and VEGF-C expression. These findings suggest an early active lymphangiogenesis during cervical neoplasia progression and explain, in part, the early presence of lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer. By the detection of Prox1 expression in lymphatic and venous endothelial cells, and also in stromal cells, it has been suggested that there are at least three different mechanism of lymph vessel development during cervical neoplasia progression.
Subject(s)
Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism , Lymphangiogenesis/physiology , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C/metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3/metabolism , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology , Lymphatic Vessels/metabolism , Lymphatic Vessels/pathology , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/etiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/metabolism , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathologyABSTRACT
Incomplete characterization of the uterine cervix cancer from molecular point of view represents the main problem for the use of a proper therapy in this disease. Few data are available about D2-40 expression in lymphatic endothelial cells and also in tumor cells from uterine cervix cancer. The aim of the present work was to study the involvement of lymphatics in prognosis and tumor progression of the uterine cervix lesions. We used D2-40 immunostaining to highlight lymphatic vessels from squamous cell metaplasia (n=17), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (n=11), carcinoma in situ (n=3), microinvasive carcinoma (n=4) and invasive carcinoma (n=19) using Avidin-Biotin technique (LSAB+). Type and distribution of lymphatics in different lesions of the cervix were analyzed. We found significant correlation between lymphatic microvessel density and tumor grade and particular distribution of the lymphatics linked to histopathologic type of the lesions. Also, differences was found in lymphovascular invasion interpretation between routine Hematoxylin and Eosin staining specimens and immunohistochemical ones. Our results showed differences in the distribution and D2-40 expression in lymphatic vessels and tumor cells from the cervix lesions linked to histopathology and tumor grade.
