Analysis of Erythroxylum coca Leaves by Imaging Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-FT-ICR IMS).

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) can determine the chemical identity and spatial distribution of several molecules in a single analysis, conserving its natural histology. However, there are no specific studies on the spatial distribution of alkaloids in Erythroxylum coca leaves by MALDI IMS, preserving the histology of the monitored compounds. Therefore, in this work, positive-ion mode MALDI Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI(+)FT-ICR IMS) was applied to identify and analyze the distribution of alkaloids on the surface of coca leaves, evaluating the ionization efficiency of three matrices (α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB)). The last was chosen as the best matrix in this study, and it was studied in five concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg·mL-1), where 2 mg·mL-1 was the most efficient. The washing of coca leaves with the organic solvents (acetonitrile, methanol, toluene, and dichloromethane) tested did not improve the performance of the ionization process. Finally, a tissue section, 50 µm thick, was used to study the inner part of the leaf tissue, where alkaloids and flavonoid molecules were detected.

Representações sociais de cristão e mídia religiosa de massa: propagação, difusão e propaganda no discurso de Edir Macedo / Social representations of christian and population religious midea: spread, difusion and adivertising in Edir Macedo' speech

O discurso do líder religioso articula-se como constructo que busca sintetizar a doutrina, a moralidade e a identidade grupal a que se destina a mensagem, assim como pode objetivar congregar novos fiéis ou mesmo neutralizar adversários. Este artigo analisou o discurso de Edir Macedo com o objetivo de compreender as representações sociais de cristão dele derivadas, por meio de duas corpora textuais: O jornal Folha Universal (n=62) e o blog oficial do bispo (n=62). Por intermédio da Teoria das Representações Sociais, da Análise de Conteúdo e com o auxílio dos softwares Alceste e Iramuteq foram analisados períodos e estratégias discursivas diferentes. Percebeu-se, em conclusão, a adequação do discurso religioso às três categorias propostas por Moscovici quando do trânsito das Representações Sociais: Propagação, Difusão e Propaganda. (AU)

The religious leader speech is articulated as construct that seeks to synthesize the doctrine, morality and the group identity to which the message is addressed, as well as it could be aimed to congregate new faithful or even to counteract opponents. This article analyzed the Edir Macedo' speech in order to understand the social representations of christian derived from it, through two textual corpora: The Folha Universal newspapper (n=62) and the Bishop's official blog (n=62). Through the Social Representations Theory, the Content Analysis and with the aid of Alceste and Iramuteq software, different periods and discursive strategies were analyzed. In conclusion, it was realized that the appropriateness of the religious speech to three categories proposed by Moscovici as the transit of the Social Representations: spread, difusion and advertising. (AU)