ABSTRACT
Little is known about the influence of neighborhood characteristics on risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among youth. We used data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Case-Control Study to evaluate the association of neighborhood characteristics, including food desert status of the census tract, with T2D in youth. We found a larger proportion of T2D cases in tracts with lower population density, larger minority population, and lower levels of education, household income, housing value, and proportion of the population in a managerial position. However, most associations of T2D with neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics were attributable to differences in individual characteristics. Notably, in multivariate logistic regression models, T2D was associated with living in the least densely populated study areas, and this finding requires further exploration.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Food Supply , Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data , Rural Population , Adolescent , Case-Control Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/ethnology , Female , Humans , Male , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
High-valent oxo-complexes have recently emerged as powerful catalysts for the activation of X-H (X = Si, B, P and H) bonds and for the reduction of several functional groups. This new reactivity represents a complete reversal from the traditional role of these complexes as oxidation catalysts and opened a new research area for high-valent oxo-complexes. This tutorial review highlights the work developed using high-valent oxo-molybdenum and oxo-rhenium complexes as excellent catalysts for X-H (X = Si, B, P and H) bond activation and for organic reductions.
Subject(s)
Circumcision, Male/adverse effects , Nerve Block , Penis/innervation , Anesthesia, General , Bupivacaine , Child, Preschool , Gangrene/etiology , Humans , Infant , Male , Penis/pathologySubject(s)
Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation , Plethysmography , Pulse , Anesthesiology/instrumentation , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Blood Pressure Determination/instrumentation , Electrophysiology , Humans , Plethysmography/adverse effects , Plethysmography/methods , Regional Blood Flow , Skin/blood supply , Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology , Vascular Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
The circulating thyroid hormones were found to respond to general anaesthesia and surgery of the thyroid gland in a similar manner to that reported with general surgery. When compared with the preoperative plasma concentration, the post-operative thyroxine levels showed a significant rise, whereas the triiodothyronine level fell.
