ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The trophoblastic migration/invasion are controlled by cytokines and growth factors that use intracellular pathways of signal to promote the regulation of gene expression, proliferation, cells differentiation, angiogenesis and embryonic development. The most important mediator of cytokine in trophoblastic invasion is the Janus-Kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT). STATs are amino acids, compounds of 700-850 variable long-chain with isoforms α and ß and molecular weight between 83-113kDa. The role of these factors in the pregnancy set up may contribute to adopt interventions that could contribute to prophylaxis and/or treatment of abnormalities in the course of gestation when installed early. OBJECTIVES: Search on database the role of STAT in the process of trophoblastic invasion with emphasis on subunits STAT1 and STAT3. METHODS: This is a review performed on PubMed database. Have been included Studies found from 1992 (the year of discovery of STATs) until July 2011, without language restriction. The descriptors were: "Signal transducers and activators of transcription "and" Trophoblast". In the end we excluded bibliographical review. RESULTS: Five of the six selected papers studied the role of STAT3 in the physiology of the trophoblastc invasion process. One of them, indirectly by selection process of lactobacilli of vaginal flora endogenous, during change of vaginal pH on pregnancy, altering the release of greater or lesser number of Interleukin-10 which modulates the activation JAK/STAT. Among them, one of the study refers to involvement of STAT1 in the immunomodulation of interface fetus-mother. CONCLUSION: STAT3 is directly involved in the process of trophoblast invasion either in its endometrium adherence to, angiogenesis, invasion and regulation of invasion. And STAT1 is involved in immunomodulation through its suppression by trophoblast STAT utron. Several soluble factors that are generally present in the decidua, especially hepatocyte growth factor, granulocyte macrophagocytic-colony stimulating factors, interleukin-6, interleukin-11 and inhibition leukemia factor , which have been described by using the JAK-STAT activating STAT1 and STAT3 for intracellular signaling and from this process may influence the invasion trophoblast.
