ABSTRACT
Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of perinatal morbidity, persistent short stature, and metabolic alterations in later life. Moreover, the post-natal growth pattern of SGA infants may be an important contributor to health outcomes later in life, which can be influenced by adipokines. The aims of this study were to compare plasma adipokine profiles (leptin, adiponectin, vaspin, chemerin, and nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV/CCN3)) among SGA newborns aged 3 months, with low, normal, or high catch-up, to search for potential differences between males and females and to analyze the evolution of several adipokines in plasma from SGA newborns between 3 and 24 months. This prospective, longitudinal study was addressed in SGA Caucasian subjects at Hospital Universitario de Álava-Txagorritxu. We observed that infants with fast catch-up showed significantly lower birth weight than the other two groups. As far as adipokines are concerned, they could have an influence on catch-up type because differences among the three experimental groups were found. It may be proposed that health prognoses in infants with slow and fast catch-up are opposite, not only in adulthood but also during their first months. Finally, adipokine evolution patterns during the first 24 months of age differ, depending on the adipokine, and 24-month-old males show lower levels of leptin, adiponectin, and omentin than females.
Subject(s)
Adipokines/blood , Child, Preschool , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most frequent liver abnormality observed in overweight or obese children and is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. OBJECTIVES: (i) To evaluate the effect of a 22-week multidisciplinary intervention program on hepatic fat fraction in overweight or obese children and (ii) to examine the effect of the intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors, self-esteem and well-being. METHODS: A total of 160 children, 9-11 years, will be recruited by pediatricians and randomly assigned to control (N = 80) or intervention (N = 80) groups. The control group will receive a family-based lifestyle and psycho-educational program (2 days/month), while the intervention group will attend the same lifestyle education and psycho-educational program plus the exercise program (3 days/week). The duration of training sessions will be 90 min of exercise, including warm-up, moderate to vigorous aerobic activities, and strength exercises. The primary outcome is the change in hepatic fat fraction (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI). Secondary outcomes include cardiometabolic risk factors such as total adiposity (dual Xray absorptiometry), visceral adiposity (MRI), functional peak aerobic capacity (cardiopulmonary exercise testing), blood pressure, muscular fitness, speedagility, and fasting blood insulin, glucose, C-reactive protein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, lipid profile and psychological measurements (questionnaires). All the measurements will be evaluated at baseline prior to randomization and after the intervention. DISCUSSION: This study will provide insight in the efficacy of a multidisciplinary intervention program including healthy lifestyle education, psycho-education and supervised exercise to reduce hepatic fat and cardiometabolic risk in overweight children.
Subject(s)
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology , Overweight/complications , Overweight/therapy , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Pediatric Obesity/therapy , Weight Reduction Programs/organization & administration , Adiposity , Behavior Therapy/methods , Blood Glucose , Blood Pressure , Body Composition , Body Mass Index , C-Reactive Protein , Child , Exercise , Family , Female , Health Behavior , Humans , Life Style , Liver Function Tests , Male , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/physiopathology , Physical Fitness , Research DesignABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Obesity/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , Risk FactorsSubject(s)
Encephalomyelitis/virology , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections , Acute Disease , Female , Humans , InfantABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Infant , Female , Humans , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections , Acute Disease , EncephalomyelitisSubject(s)
Angiomyolipoma/diagnosis , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adolescent , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , HumansABSTRACT
No disponible
