ABSTRACT
Mothers and fathers sang a song of their choice, once to their infant and once as if to their infant (simulated). The pitch of songs was higher and the tempo slower for infant-directed than for simulated versions. Listeners varying in child-care experience, musical background, and cultural origin reliably identified which of the two versions was infant-directed (Experiment 1). Identification accuracy was enhanced by musical training, knowledge of the singers' language and culture, and by greater pitch and tempo differences between versions. Other adult listeners who rated the singer's emotional engagement assigned significantly higher ratings to infant-directed than to simulated versions (Experiment 2). Differences in pitch and tempo between both versions predicted emotional engagement ratings. Finally, rating differences between infant-directed and simulated versions were highly correlated with identification accuracy.
Subject(s)
Father-Child Relations , Mother-Child Relations , Music , Voice Quality , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Ethnicity , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Parenting/psychology , Sound SpectrographyABSTRACT
Recommendations are presented for the minimum structural components, special utilities, installations, and other design and operational features which define a microbiologically-secure animal containment facility. These biocontainment parameters are expected to enable the safe housing and handling of livestock and poultry infected with pathogenic agents. Physical testing and certification requirements for commissioning such facilities are described. Such a facility will minimise personnel exposure to infectious agents, limit cross-contamination between experiments, minimise horizontal transmission between research animals, and reduce the likelihood of pathogenic agents being released to the outside environment.
Subject(s)
Communicable Disease Control/standards , Housing, Animal/standards , Research/standards , Veterinary Medicine/standards , Animals , Humans , SafetyABSTRACT
A stabilimeter is described in which a loudspeaker is used both as platform and transducer. This design provides good reproductibility, high sensitivity and wide range of utilization (rats, mice).
