Psychometric Properties of a 36-Item Version of the "Stress Management Competency Indicator Tool".

The development of supervisors' behaviours has been proposed as an innovative approach for the reduction of employees' work stress. The UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) developed the "Stress Management Competency Indicator Tool" (SMCIT), designed to be used within a learning and development intervention. However, its psychometric properties have never been evaluated, and the length of the questionnaire (66 items) limits its practical applicability. We developed a brief 36-item version of the questionnaire, assessed its psychometric properties and studied the relationship with the employees' psychosocial work environment. 353 employees filled in the brief SMCIT and the "Stress Management Indicator Tool". The latter is a self-report questionnaire developed by the UK HSE, measuring workers' perceptions of seven dimensions of the psychosocial work environment that if not properly managed can lead to harm. Data were analysed with structural equation modelling and multiple regressions. The results confirmed the factorial structure of the brief SMCIT questionnaire and mainly supported the convergent validity and internal consistency of the scales. Furthermore, with few exceptions, the relations hypothesized between supervisors' competencies and the psychosocial work environment were confirmed, supporting the criterion validity of the revised questionnaire and the UK HSE framework. We conclude that the brief 36-item version of the SMCIT represents an important step toward the development of interventions directed at supervisors and we discuss the practical implications for work stress prevention.

Is medical perspective on clinical governance practices associated with clinical units' performance and mortality? A cross-sectional study through a record-linkage procedure.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the knowledge and application as well as perceived utility by doctors of clinical governance tools in order to explore their impact on clinical units' performance measured through mortality rates and efficiency indicators. METHODS: This research is a cross-sectional study with a deterministic record-linkage procedure. The sample includes n = 1250 doctors (n = 249 chiefs of clinical units; n = 1001 physicians) working in six public hospitals located in the Emilia-Romagna Region in Italy. Survey instruments include a checklist and a research-made questionnaire which were used for data collection about doctors' knowledge and application as well as perceived utility of clinical governance tools. The analysis was based on clinical units' performance indicators which include patients' mortality, extra-region active mobility rate, average hospital stay, bed occupancy, rotation and turnover rates, and the comparative performance index as efficiency indicators. RESULTS: The clinical governance tools are known and applied differently in all the considered clinical units. Significant differences emerged between roles and organizational levels at which the medical leadership is carried out. The levels of knowledge and application of clinical governance practices are correlated with the clinical units' efficiency indicators (bed occupancy rate, bed turnover interval, and extra-region mobility). These multiple linear regression analyses highlighted that the clinical governance knowledge and application is correlated with clinical units' mortality rates (odds ratio, -8.677; 95% confidence interval, -16.654, -0.700). CONCLUSION: The knowledge and application, as well as perceived utility by medical professionals of clinical governance tools, are associated with the mortality rates of their units and with some efficiency indicators. However, the medical frontline staff seems to not consider homogeneously useful the clinical governance tools application on its own clinical practice.

Reducing psychosocial risks through supervisors' development: a contribution for a brief version of the "Stress Management Competency Indicator Tool".

With the recent changes in the world of work psychosocial risks are increasingly prevalent, causing work stress and physical and mental illnesses, which have a tremendous impact on public health and social participation. Supervisors' behaviour development was proposed as an innovative intervention that can reduce psychosocial risks. The "Stress Management Competency Indicator Tool" is one of the most important questionnaires that assess managers' preventive behaviour. However, its psychometric properties have never been evaluated and the length of the questionnaire (66 items) limits its practical applicability. The aim of this study was to contribute to the development of the questionnaire by providing psychometric evidence on a brief version of the tool focusing on the "Managing and Communicating existing and future Work" cluster of behaviours, which has been found to be the crucial one in terms of stress prevention. A questionnaire was administered to 178 employees of two Italian public organizations (a municipality and a hospital), measuring the supervisors' "Managing and Communicating existing and future Work" competency, and the affective well-being and work team effectiveness. The results showed excellent psychometric properties of the supervisors' behaviour scale and confirmed the expected relationships with criterion outcomes (affective well-being and team effectiveness). Overall, the factorial structure and dimensionality, the construct validity and reliability, and the concurrent validity of the tool were strongly supported by this study. We concluded that the brief version of the scale is a valid and reliable measure that can be easily used in practice and that can contribute to the development of research and practice on this topic.

Available instruments for measurement of psychosocial factors in the work environment.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the spectrum of available for measurement and evaluation of work-related psychosocial factors. METHODS: We systematically searched the literature/internet to identify and describe the main available questionnaires and observational instruments for assessment of work-related psychosocial factors (with/without other job stressors). RESULTS: A total of 33 instruments were identified (26 questionnaires, 7 observational), many (11 questionnaires, 5 observational) linked to national institutions/intiatives. Accessibility of relevant information (on the internet or elsewhere) regarding the instruments varied widely. CONCLUSIONS: This summary of the range of instruments currently available for evaluation of multiple work stressors at individual, group and/or organizational levels may provide a useful tool for operators and researchers.

Prepararse para la jubilación: el papel del apoyo social en la gestión de la ansiedad / Getting ready for retirement: the role of social support in anxiety management

La jubilación puede ser definida como una transición que implica el abandono de un rol laboral y, por consiguiente, esto requiere la capacidad de reestructurar el sistema de funciones y actividades personales. Este estudio incluyó 250 empleados de dos administraciones públicas italianas de más de 48 años de edad, con el objetivo de entender cómo durante el tiempo previo a la jubilación el apoyo social recibido por fuentes laborales y extra-laborales puede influir en la ansiedad hacia su jubilación y cómo la última modula la edad a la que se desea jubilarse. Los resultados obtenidos mediante análisis de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales LISREL muestran cómo el apoyo social del superior y la implicación con el trabajo aumentarán la ansiedad debida a la pérdida de la identidad social, mientras que el apoyo de los miembros de la familia tiende a reducir el tamaño de la ansiedad anterior al retiro de la vida laboral. El apoyo de los amigos reduce la ansiedad ante la anticipación de exclusión social. Por lo último, la ansiedad parece influir la edad en la que se desea jubilarse(AU)

Retirement can be considered a transition that implies losing one’s work role and therefore there is a need to be capable of restructuring one’s systems of personal roles and activities. This study used a sample of 250 employees of public administration aged over 48 to find the extent to which work and non-work sources of social support can affect anxiety during the period of preparation for retirement. In addition, the study explored the relation between social support and intended retirement age. LISREL structural equation model analysis shows that supervisor’s social support and job involvement increase the anxiety resulting from identity loss, whereas family social support decreases this anxiety. Moreover, friends’ social support reduces the anxiety owing to anticipated social exclusion. Finally, retirement related anxiety predicts intended retirement age(AU)