ABSTRACT
Acrodermatitis enteropathica syndrome (AE) is a clinical entity that results in severe zinc deficiency. It can be genetic or acquired. Acquired AE has been reported in patients with chronic liver disease, malabsorption syndrome, sickle cell anemia, and chronic renal failure. We present a kidney transplant recipient with skin rash and watery diarrhea. The patient had low serum zinc levels, which quickly resolved after zinc supplementation. Skin biopsy showed cytoplasmic pallor and vacuolization and ballooning degeneration of keratinocytes within the superficial epidermis, which may have led to confluent necrosis of keratinocytes. Large amounts of keratinosome-derived lamellae were found in the intercellular spaces in the keratinized area, probably related to disturbance of keratinosome metabolism due to zinc deficiency.
Subject(s)
Acrodermatitis/etiology , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Zinc/deficiency , Acrodermatitis/drug therapy , Acrodermatitis/pathology , Dermatologic Agents/therapeutic use , Diarrhea/etiology , Epidermis/pathology , Foot Dermatoses/drug therapy , Foot Dermatoses/etiology , Foot Dermatoses/pathology , Hand Dermatoses/drug therapy , Hand Dermatoses/etiology , Hand Dermatoses/pathology , Humans , Keratinocytes/pathology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery , Male , Young Adult , Zinc/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Four-wave mixing from composite artificial Kerr media consisting of ellipsoidal microparticles suspended in a host liquid is discussed. Calculations of nonlinear grating formation and decay times are given in a dynamic model that includes the effect of random collisions on the particulates. Phase-conjugate efficiencies for a model configuration are given as well as operating limits imposed by particulate scattering from the composite.
ABSTRACT
Two sensitive differential optical techniques useful for study of small reflectance or absorptive differences between two interfaces are described. The first scheme employs a mechanically chopped light beam impinging on an arrangement of symmetrical dual cells to allow detection of differential reflectances DeltaR/R<10(-3). The second is a polarization-modulated beam-split laser version of the same method yielding approximately the same sensitivity. Representative measurements of voltage-induced reflectance changes at liquid-solid interfaces using these methods are given.
