Deciphering Cadmium (Cd) Tolerance in Newly Isolated Bacterial Strain, Ochrobactrum intermedium BB12, and Its Role in Alleviation of Cd Stress in Spinach Plant (Spinacia oleracea L.).

A cadmium (Cd)-tolerant bacterium Ochrobactrum intermedium BB12 was isolated from sewage waste collected from the municipal sewage dumping site of Bhopal, India. The bacterium showed multiple heavy metal tolerance ability and had the highest minimum inhibitory concentration of 150 mg L-1 of Cd. Growth kinetics, biosorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies on BB12 in the presence of Cd suggested biosorption as primary mode of interaction. SEM and TEM studies revealed surface deposition of Cd. FTIR spectra indicated nitrogen atom in exopolysaccharides secreted by BB12 to be the main site for Cd attachment. The potential of BB12 to alleviate the impact of Cd toxicity in spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L.) var. F1-MULAYAM grown in the soil containing Cd at 25, 50, and 75 mg kg-1 was evaluated. Without bacterial inoculation, plants showed delayed germination, decrease in the chlorophyll content, and stunted growth at 50 and 75 mg kg-1 Cd content. Bacterial inoculation, however, resulted in the early germination, increased chlorophyll, and increase in shoot (28.33%) and root fresh weight (72.60%) at 50 mg kg-1 of Cd concentration after 75 days of sowing. Due to bacterial inoculation, elevated proline accumulation and lowered down superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity was observed in the Cd-stressed plants. The isolate BB12 was capable of alleviating Cd from the soil by biosorption as evident from significant reduction in the uptake/translocation and bioaccumulation of Cd in bacteria itself and in the plant parts of treated spinach. Potential PGP prospects and heavy metal bioremediation capability of BB12 can make the environmental application of the organism a promising approach to reduce Cd toxicity in the crops grown in metal-contaminated soils.

Metaproteomic data of maize rhizosphere for deciphering functional diversity.

Metaproteomics is a powerful tool for obtaining data on all proteins recovered directly from environmental samples at a given time. It provides a direct evidence of functional diversity and structure among microbiota present in niches and significant insights into microbial activity together with metabolomics, which is the study of the intermediate and end-products of cellular processes. Metaproteomics is a comparatively new approach which is facing a number of empirical, technical, computational and experimental design challenges that needs to be addressed. Presently only little efforts have been made to have information on microbial proteins in rhizospheric soil of maize through metagemonics approach but there is no direct evidence on functions of microbial community in this very important niche. Since rhizosphere microbiome plays important role in plant growth and development the present study is conducted to optimize the metaproteomic extraction protocol from maize rhizosphere and analyse functionality of microbial communities. We present metaproteome data from maize rhizospheric soil. Isolation of metaproteome from maize rhizosphere collected from ICAR-IISS, Mau experimental Farm was done with the standardized protocol at our laboratory and metaproteome analysis was done with the standardized pipeline. In total 696 proteins with different functions representing 244 genus and 393 species were identified. The proteome data provides direct evidence on the biological processes in soil ecosystem and is the first reported reference data from maize rhizosphere. The LC MS/MS proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014519.

A Synopsis on the Role of Human Papilloma Virus Infection in Cervical Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Understanding of cervical cancer severity is still an important health issue across the world, especially for developing countries. Cancer or abnormal growth of the cell is one of the major health problems of the world. There are about two hundred types of malignancies reported till date. An updated statistic of all the main types of cancer and pathophysiology of cervical cancer is a significant need for designing the future treatment strategy. OBJECTIVE: In this review, a brief update on cancer, its causes and different types has been discussed along with updated statistics of patient's mortality. A brief overview of cervical cancer and its pathophysiology has been discussed with special emphasis on its causative agent, human papilloma virus (HPV). A brief introduction and update on genetics, molecular pathogenesis and prevalence of HPV and its role in cervical cancer have been added. CONCLUSION: This review delivered an updated status of cervical cancer and provide novel therapeutic approaches for targeting HPV. The detailed molecular and genomic information of the HPV help the researchers to develop more effective and efficacious therapeutic strategies and preventive vaccines that will significantly contribute to the control and anticipation of cervical cancer. Ultimately this may open new vistas to get rid of this deadly disease and may offer significant reduction in the numbers of advanced cervical cancers and deaths from cervical cancer in the affected nations.

Molecular and phenotypic characterization of the vancomycin-resistant gene in bacterial isolates acquired from catheter tips.

Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogen, not only in the hospital setting but the community also. S. aureus is a major cause of serious hospital and community-acquired infections, particularly in the colonized individuals. The emergence of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) strains has led to global concerns about treatments for staphylococcal infections. Until now, few strains of VRSA have been reported worldwide. The conventional disk diffusion method for determination of vancomycin sensitivity often misclassifies intermediately susceptible isolates to fully sensitive. However, non-automated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) detection methods are the gold standards. Hence there is a dire need of some advanced methods for rapid detection of VRSA strains. In the present study, Gram-positive clinical isolates were collected from different wards of K.G.M.U.  Hospital, among them, 12 bacterial isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus and 18 isolates as Klebsiella spp. Genomic DNA of S. aureus was isolated and used as template in PCR for detection of the presence of van A and van X gene based on a given protocol. Nosocomial infections have an impact on morbidity and probably on mortality as well, and pose a significant economic burden. Rapid molecular identification of antibiotic-resistant strains undoubtedly helps to prevent the hospital-induced infections.