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Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 66(4): 342-349, mayo 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-112786

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Los avances en el diagnóstico del cáncer de próstata (CaP) permiten detectar cada vez más neoplasias, muchas de ellas con bajo riesgo de progresión. Esto conlleva la posibilidad de “sobrediagnóstico” y consecuente “sobretratamiento”. En consecuencia, existe una tendencia a ofrecer alternativas al tratamiento activo, entre éstas la vigilancia activa (VA) o active surveillance. Sin embargo, hay pacientes en VA que requieren tratamiento definitivo y que, tras operarlos, no corresponden a casos de “bajo riesgo”. Examinamos retrospectivamente pacientes tratados con prostatectomía radical que cumplían criterios para tumores de bajo riesgo y analizamos los resultados. MÉTODO: De 190 pacientes prostatectomizados entre enero de 2004 y diciembre de 2008, seleccionamos 21 con criterios de Epstein para tumores de bajo riesgo. Analizamos número de tumores localizados, subestadificación por biopsia, subestimación del score de Gleason, márgenes quirúrgicos y PSA postoperatorio. RESULTADOS: Media de edad: 58.6 años, media de PSA: 6.6 ng/ml; score de Gleason predominante: 6 (3+3); 76%: tumores unilaterales, 90%: localizados, 10% tenía extensión extracapsular, no hubo compromiso de vesículas seminales; 15% de los pacientes tuvo score de Gleason >6 y 30% márgenes quirúrgicos positivos; 85% tuvo su primer PSA postoperatorio <0.10 ng/ml y 75% permanece libre de recidiva bioquímica. Según los criterios del Johns Hopkins de “tumor incurable”, nuestra serie tuvo 28% (AU)


CONCLUSIONES: El CaP de bajo riesgo incluye pacientes que pueden tener mayor riesgo que el estimado. En nuestra serie tuvimos 10% de enfermedad extracapsular, 15% de subestadificación del score de Gleason y 25% de recidiva bioquímica, lo que prueba que los criterios actuales no garantizan buenos resultados oncológicos. La VA ofrece buena calidad de vida y margen de seguridad aceptable, se puede proponer hasta realizar el tratamiento definitivo. Es necesario redefinir los criterios de inclusión mientras se esperan aportes en imágenes y nuevos marcadores para evaluar el riesgo de cada paciente y así poder ofrecerle la mejor opción (AU)


OBJECTIVES: Advances in diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) have led to an increased detection of these tumors, some of them with low-risk of progression, with the consequent risk of overdiagnosis and overt treatment. In consequence, there is a tendency to offer alternatives to active therapy, like active surveillance (AS); however, some patients under AS need definitive therapy and after surgery it becomes evident that they are not “low-risk” patients. We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients who met criteria for low-risk tumors treated with radical prostatectomy. METHODS: We selected 21 out of 190 patients treated with radical prostatectomy from January 2004 to December 2008 who met Epstein´s criteria for low-risk tumors. We analyzed the number of organ-confined tumors, Gleason undergrading and understaging by biopsy, surgical margins and postoperative PSA. RESULTS: Mean age was 58.6 years; mean PSA was 6.6 ng/ml, predominant Gleason score was 6 (3+3), 76% were unilateral tumors and 90% were organ-confined, 10% had extracapsular extension, none had involvement of the seminal vesicles, 15% of the patients had Gleason score >6 and surgical margins were positive in 30% of the specimens. Eighty five percent had their first postoperative PSA <0.10 ng/ml and 75% remain free of biochemical recurrence. According to the Johns Hopkins criteria for “incurable tumors”, our cohort had 28% (AU)


CONCLUSION: Patients with low-risk prostate cancer include cases that may have greater risk than estimated. In our series, we had 10% extracapsular disease, 15% understaging for Gleason score and 25% biochemical recurrence, which demonstrates that current criteria do not warrant good oncological results. Active surveillance offers good quality of life and acceptable oncological results, it can be proposed until definitive therapy, without seriously endangering the patient. Anyway, as a therapeutic tool, it still requires improvements. Technical advances are awaited so as to properly assess each patient´s risk and to define the best therapeutic option for every case (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostatectomy/methods , Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery , Sentinel Surveillance , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Risk Factors , Prostate-Specific Antigen/analysis , Disease-Free Survival
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