Diversity and evolution of leaflet anatomical characters in the Pterocarpus clade (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae).

The Pterocarpus clade includes 23 genera previously attributed to different Fabaceae tribes. The recent rearrangements of many genera in the clade do not recognize morphological synapomorphies. This study aimed to identify new synapomorphies for the Pterocarpus clade, to identify characters supporting inter-generic relationships currently resolved only by molecular data and to identify diagnostic characters at the genus and species levels. Subterminal leaflets of the studied genera were selected and analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Ancestral reconstruction was performed using morphological and anatomical characters of 16 genera of the Pterocarpus clade. The convex epidermal relief in the region of the main vein indicated the relationship among all genera of the group. Anchor-like multicellular trichomes are features shared by Brya and Cranocarpus, which are the sister group to the other genera of the clade. Subepidermal layers are features shared by the Centrolobium, Etaballia, Paramachaerium, Pterocarpus and Tipuana genera, and the sclerenchyma sheath in the leaflet margin is reported in the Discolobium, Riedeliella and Platymiscium genera. Bulbous based glandular trichomes and vesicular glandular trichomes are diagnostic at the species level in Centrolobium and Pterocarpus, respectively. The leaflet characters investigated can be useful for the taxonomic delimitation at both the genus and species levels of the Pterocarpus clade. Our dataset provides new synapomorphies, elucidates the inter-generic relationships and reinforces the phylogenetic classification of the Pterocarpus clade resolved by molecular data.

Evolution of the Anther Gland in Early-Branching Papilionoids (ADA Clade, Papilionoideae, Leguminosae).

Papilionoideae is the most diverse subfamily of Leguminosae, especially in terms of floral morphology. The ADA clade shows some exciting floral features among papilionoids, such as anther glands. However, the evolution of the anther glands in such early-branching papilionoids remains unknown. Thus, we compared the occurrence, distribution, morphology, and evolutionary history of the anther glands in species of the ADA clade. Floral buds and/or flowers in 50 species were collected from herbarium specimens and investigated using scanning electron and light microscopy and reconstruction of ancestral character states. The anther apex has a secretory cavity, secretory duct, and phenolic idioblast. The lumen shape of the cavity and duct is closely related to the shape of the anther apex. The oval lumen is located between two thecae, the spherical lumen in the prominent anther apex and the elongated lumen in anthers with a long apex. The occurrence of cavities/ducts in the anther in only two phylogenetically closely related subclades is a unifying character -state. The floral architecture is not correlated with cavity/ducts in the anther but is possibly related to the type of pollinator. Future research needs to combine floral morphology and pollination systems to understand the evolution of floral designs and their diversification.

Chemical composition, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the butanolic fraction of Annona nutans (Annonaceae) leaves.

The species Annona nutans (R. E. Fries) is a plant found in Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and the Brazilian cerrado. Considering the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the hydrometanolic fraction (FHMeOH) of A. nutans leaves previously reported, the present study aimed to evaluate in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of a subfraction obtained from FHMeOH, the butanolic fraction (FBuOHf). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with FBuOHf (50 and 100 mg · kg-1) inhibited paw edema induced by carrageenan. Moreover, FBuOHf (100 mg · kg-1, i.p.) also suppressed polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte migration in the footpad. Regarding the antinociceptive activity, FBuOHf (50, 100, and 200 mg · kg-1, i.p.) inhibited acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing. In the formalin test, this fraction (200 mg · kg-1, i.p.) reduced licking time only in the inflammatory phase. The FBuOHf contents flavonoids and cinnamic acid derivatives, such as quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-ß-D-apio-furanosyl-(1→2)-galactopyranoside and chlorogenic acid, identified and quantified by LC-MS. The FBuOHf possesses anti-inflammatory and peripheral antinociceptive activities.

Larvicidal effect from different Annonaceae species on Culex quinquefasciatus.

The recent outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases highlighted the pivotal importance of mosquito vector control in tropical areas worldwide. Several strategies have been developed to control vector populations and disease transmission in endemic areas. The steps to obtain natural active compounds involve the pre-selection in a biological model and subsequently evaluation on specific models. The present study reports the evaluation of 35 extracts, fractions, and essential oils obtained from five species from the Annonaceae family on Artemia salina and Culex quinquefasciatus. The A. salina results were used as a pre-screening for larvicidal test about mosquitoes. A correlation of biological activity in both bioassays was observed for the hydroethanolic extracts and their respective hexane and chloroform fractions of the leaves of Annona species, except A. nutans. The same correlation was also observed for all tested essential oils and petroleum ether extracts from Duguetia species. It was possible to limit an interval of lethality about A. salina, which has a corresponding range to the larvicidal test against the mosquito. The main components present in D. lanceolata essential oil or enriched fraction were α-selinene, aristolochene, (E)-caryophyllene, and (E)-calamenene. For D. furfuracea, the main components present of the underground parts were (E)-asarone, 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene, spathulenol, and bicyclogermacrene for aerial parts. The A. salina test could be used as a model for the pre-screening of larvicidal activity.

Chemical constituents and allelopathic activity of Machaerium eriocarpum Benth.

The analysis by HPLC-PDA of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of M. eriocarpum together with the injection of the fractions containing the already identified metabolites allowed the detection of at least 5 flavonoids, of which two are derived from apigenin and three from luteolin. After isolating larger amounts of isovitexin (I), assays were performed to evaluate the allelopathic activity together with the crude extract. The results show that the initial inhibition indexes were very similar to those observed in the treatments with F17 (Fraction enriched in isovitexin) and F18 (isovitexin), mainly in the concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg L-1. The index of the number of lateral roots, an increase of the inhibitory effect is observed with the increase of the concentration of M. eriocarpum extract.

Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of the hydromethanolic fraction from Annona nutans leaves / Atividade anti-inflamatória, antinociceptiva e antioxidante da fração hidrometanólica das folhas de annona nutans

Annona nutans (Annonaceae) is a plant species found in Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and the Brazilian Cerrado, specifically in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil). Its common names are Araticû-Mi and Araticû-Ñu. The research contributions regarding the chemical composition and biological activities of extracts from A. nutans are rare, with only four articles being found in the literature. Therefore, the present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the hydromethanolic fraction (FHMeOH) using carrageenan-induced paw edema and hot-plate tests. In addition, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging, total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content assays and quantification of the major metabolites by LC-MS were performed. Oral treatment with the FHMeOH (at a dose of 300 mg.kg-1) significantly reduced paw edema 2 h and 4 h after the inflammatory stimulus. The intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with the FHMeOH (50 and 100 mg.kg-1) proved to be most effective, and the inhibition of acute inflammation was still visible 6 h after carrageenan injection. At doses of 50 and 100 mg.kg-1 (i.p.), FHMeOH exhibits central antinociceptive effects by increasing the latency of the reaction in the hot-plate model. The FHMeOH showed antioxidant potential, and the metabolites quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-ß-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-galactopyranoside, and chlorogenic acid were identified and quantified by LC-MS. Our results indicate, for the first time, that FHMeOH has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant potential, and it is a promising source of studies for new herbal medicines

Annona nutans (Annonaceae) é uma espécie de planta encontrada na Bolívia, Paraguai, Argentina e no Cerrado brasileiro, especificamente nos estados de Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul (Brasil). Seus nomes mais comuns são aratico e Araticû-Mi e Araticû-Ñu. As contribuições da pesquisa em relação à composição química e atividades biológicas dos extratos de A. nutans são raras, com apenas quatro artigos encontrados na literatura. Portanto, o presente estudo avaliou as atividades anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva da fração hidrometanólica (FHMeOH) utilizando edema de pata induzido por carragenina e testes de placaquente. Além disso, a atividade antioxidante foi avaliada por meio de sequestro de radical DPPH, e foram realizados ensaios de quantificação de fenóis, flavonoides e taninos totais e quantificação dos principais metabólitos por CL-EM. O tratamento oral com a FHMeOH (na dose de 300 mg.kg-1) reduziu significativamente o edema da pata 2 e 4 h após o estímulo inflamatório. Por outro lado, o tratamento intraperitoneal (i.p.) com FHMeOH (50 e 100 mg.kg-1) provou ser mais eficaz e a inibição da inflamação aguda foi ainda visível 6 horas após a injeção de carragenina. Nas doses de 50 e 100 mg.kg-1 (i.p.), FHMeOH exibiu efeitos antinociceptivos centrais aumentando a latência da reação no modelo de placa quente. FHMeOH apresentou potencial antioxidante e os metabólitos quercetina-3-O-galactosídeo, quercetina-3-O-glicosídeo, isoramnetina-3-O-galactosídeo, quercetina- 3-O-ß-D-apiofuranosil-(1 → 2)-galactopiranosídeo e ácido clorogênico foram identificados e quantificados por CL-EM. Nossos resultados indicam, pela primeira vez, que o FHMeOH possui efeitos anti-inflamatórios, antinociceptivos e antioxidantes, sendo uma fonte promissora de estudos para novos medicamentos fitoterápicos.

Diversity and conservation of legumes in the Gran Chaco and biogeograpical inferences.

The Gran Chaco is a wide ecologic-geographic region comprising northern Argentina, western Paraguay, southern Bolivia and the southwestern extreme of Brazil. This region exhibits extreme temperatures, annually regular frosts, and sedimentary soils; it has been dramatically threatened by agriculture expansion in recent decades. Therefore, increasing knowledge of plant diversity is critical for conservation purposes. We present a Legume checklist of the Gran Chaco ecoregion including conservation status of its endemic species. Leguminosae is the third most diverse plant family in the Neotropics. Assuming a rigorous spatial definition of the Gran Chaco, we recorded 98 genera, 362 species, and 404 specific and infraspecific taxa. Endemic/typical taxa were 17%, comparable to adjacent tropical plant formations, and they were found in higher percentages in Caesalpinioideae (24%) and Cercidoideae (33%) than Papilionoideae (11%) subfamily. We also analyzed the plant diversity comparing lineages and subregions. The Gran Chaco Legumes are predominantly widespread generalists, or they belong to either Chaco sensu stricto or Neotropical Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (SDTF) lineages. Though the Humid Chaco registered the highest species richness, Dry Chaco and Sierra Chaco, the most threatrened subregions, exhibited the highest percentages of exclusive and proper Chaco-lineage species. These results suggest that diversification of Legumes has been most relevant in Dry Chaco and Sierra Chaco, probably by their more demanding and harsh environmental conditions limiting the dispersion of generalists or intrusive-invading species. This study is paramount to reach an improved delimitation of the Gran Chaco ecoregion in transitional areas with the SDTF and Cerrado formations. Conservation status is critical in genera of high economic interest, such as Arachis, Mimosa and Prosopis. At least one third of endemic taxa exhibit a critical status of conservation or are endangered, many of them being relevant to inbreeding program or exhibiting multiple economic uses.

Nursing diagnoses in the hemodynamics sector: an adaptive perspective.

OBJECTIVE: To identify nursing diagnoses of NANDA-I Taxonomy II in patients treated in the Hemodynamics Sector. METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach conducted in a teaching hospital in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected through a sociodemographic characterization instrument and information regarding the problems of physical-physiological adaptation. RESULTS: 100 patients participated in the study. Defining characteristics, risk factors and related factors were identified through adaptation problems. In all, 28 nursing diagnoses were identified, and 13 were considered for the discussion which presented frequency above 50% and represented the main adaptive problems. Protection, neurological and activity and rest components were the most frequent. CONCLUSION: The recognition of nursing diagnoses facilitates a connection between the main problems of adaptation and nursing interventions.

Genetic structure of two Prosopis species in Chaco areas: A lack of allelic diversity diagnosis and insights into the allelic conservation of the affected species.

The Gran Chaco is the largest continuous region of the South American dry forest, spanning Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil. Prosopis rubriflora and Prosopis ruscifolia are typical tree species of chaquenian area forests, which have been subjected to continuous fragmentation caused by cattle raising. This study evaluated P. rubriflora and P. ruscifolia in areas with varying levels of disturbance. We investigated the contemporary genetic diversities of both species in areas with distinct anthropogenic disturbances. Even with a lower heterozygote frequency, disturbed areas can provide important storage for alleles, allowing the maintenance of diversity. The genetic diversity of P. rubriflora was surprisingly similar to that of P. ruscifolia (He = 0.59 and He = 0.60, respectively) even with very different distribution ranges of both species. However, P. ruscifolia exhibited a higher intrapopulation fixation index than P. rubriflora. P. rubriflora showed evidence of bottlenecking in 64% of the sampled areas, while P. ruscifolia showed such evidence in 36% of the sampled areas. Additionally, P. rubriflora had two distinct populations due to its disjunctive geographic distribution, whereas P. ruscifolia had a single population that exhibited few signs of population structure in some areas, possibly due to the main pollinators presenting a short range of dispersion. Our results suggest that 42 Chaco areas should be conserved to retain the minimum of 500 individuals necessary to maintain genetic diversity for 100-1,000 generations. This study improves our understanding of these two Prosopis species and provides information for the conservation of their genetic diversities.

Nursing diagnoses in the hemodynamics sector: an adaptive perspective / Diagnósticos de enfermería en el sector de hemodinámica: una perspectiva adaptativa / Diagnósticos de enfermagem no setor de hemodinâmica: uma perspectiva adaptativa

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify nursing diagnoses of NANDA-I Taxonomy II in patients treated in the Hemodynamics Sector. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach conducted in a teaching hospital in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected through a sociodemographic characterization instrument and information regarding the problems of physical-physiological adaptation. Results: 100 patients participated in the study. Defining characteristics, risk factors and related factors were identified through adaptation problems. In all, 28 nursing diagnoses were identified, and 13 were considered for the discussion which presented frequency above 50% and represented the main adaptive problems. Protection, neurological and activity and rest components were the most frequent. Conclusion: The recognition of nursing diagnoses facilitates a connection between the main problems of adaptation and nursing interventions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería de la Taxonomía II de NANDA-I en pacientes atendidos en el Sector de Hemodinámica. Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo, llevado a cabo en un Hospital de Enseñanza del interior de Río Grande do Sul. Los datos fueron recogidos por intermedio de un instrumento de caracterización sociodemográfica e informaciones referentes a los problemas de adaptación del modo físico fisiológico. Resultados: Participaron en el estudio 100 pacientes. Fueron identificadas las características definidoras, los factores de riesgo y los factores relacionados mediante los problemas de adaptación. En total, se identificaron 28 diagnósticos de enfermería, y para la discusión fueron considerados 13, los que presentaron frecuencia superior al 50% y representaron los principales problemas adaptativos. Los componentes protección, neurológico y actividad y reposo fueron los más frecuentes. Conclusión: El reconocimiento de los diagnósticos de enfermería facilita la conexión entre los principales problemas de adaptación y las intervenciones enfermeras.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem da Taxonomia II da NANDA-I em pacientes atendidos no Setor de Hemodinâmica. Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em um Hospital de Ensino do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados por intermédio de um instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica e informações referentes aos problemas de adaptação do modo físico-fisiológico. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 100 pacientes. Foram identificados as características definidoras, os fatores de risco e os fatores relacionados por meio dos problemas de adaptação. No total, identificaram-se 28 diagnósticos de enfermagem, e para a discussão foram considerados 13, os quais apresentaram frequência acima de 50% e representaram os principais problemas adaptativos. Os componentes proteção, neurológico e atividade e repouso foram os mais frequentes. Conclusão: O reconhecimento dos diagnósticos de enfermagem facilita a ligação entre os principais problemas de adaptação e as intervenções de enfermagem.

Liana species composition differs, in spite of trait similarities, in two adjacent forest types in Central Brazil

Abstract:In the Parana basin, the Serra de Maracaju juxtaposes the Seasonal Dry Forest and the cerradão (a phytophysiognomy of Cerrado), two distinct vegetation types that differ in canopy height, tree density, and composition of the understory. In the same way, these differences may be reflected in the composition of climbing plant species found in these two forest types. Thus, in this study we compared the climbing species in two forest fragments of Serra de Maracaju to understand: (1) Are species richness and floristic composition of climbing plants similar in cerradão and seasonal deciduous forest?, (2) What degree of floristic compositional difference exists between the two vegetation types?, (3) Do the two vegetation types differ significantly in climbing mechanisms, life forms, and dispersal syndromes represented among climbing species? For this, we established and sampled four plots per forest type over 24 months. Species were identified and each one classified, based on three discrete traits. Proportional differences were analyzed using chi-square tests. Our results showed that species richness and floristic composition of climbing plants in the cerradão and the seasonal deciduous forest were not similar. Climber species richness in cerradão was 37 while in the seasonal deciduous forest it was 31; they share only 13 species. Four families, Dioscoreaceae, Fabaceae, Malpighiaceae, and Sapindaceae, included over 60 % of the climbing species. The morphological traits most common in both forest types were herbaceous life form, apical twining mechanism, and wind dispersal. Dioscoreaceae was found to be the dominant family, but is the first time to be reported for this condition in Brazil. Bignoniaceae and Passifloraceae ocurred only in the cerradão, and Asteraceae and Combretaceae in the seasonal deciduous forest; some species were found exclusively in a type of forest. Floristic composition of the cerradão and seasonal deciduous forest fragments were substantially different, in spite of physical proximity. However, their climbing species are not statistically distinct in morphological characteristics, possibly due to uniform climatic conditions and the similarity of species because of a shared ancestry (similar families). Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (3): 1215-1225. Epub 2017 September 01.

Resumen:La Serra de Maracaju yuxtapone los distintos tipos de vegetación de la floresta seca estacional y del cerradón (la fitofisiognomía del cerrado). Los dos tipos de vegetación son distintos en altura de copa, densidad de árboles y composición del sotobosque. Estas diferencias deben reflejarse en la composición de especies de plantas trepadoras que se encuentran en los dos tipos de bosque. Especies trepadoras de dos fragmentos forestales de la Serra de Maracaju han sido comparadas para responder: (1) ¿La riqueza de especies y composición florística de trepadoras es similar en el cerradón y en la floresta estacional decidua? (2) ¿Cuáles especies distinguen los dos tipos vegetacionales de otros? (3) ¿Los dos tipos vegetacionales difieren significativamente en mecanismo de ascensión, formas de vida y síndrome de dispersión en las especies trepadoras? Cuatro parcelas por tipo de floresta han sido muestreadas durante 24 meses. Las especies fueron identificadas y caracterizadas en tres rasgos discretos. Las diferencias proporcionales fueron analizadas usando el test chi-cuadrado. La riqueza y composición florística de trepadoras no fue similar en las dos formaciones: 37 especies en el cerradón y 31 en la floresta estacional decidua, con 13 especies compartidas. Dioscoreaceae, Fabaceae, Malpighiaceae y Sapindaceae corresponden al 60 % de las especies trepadoras. Las formaciones poseen características comunes como la forma de vida herbácea, el mecanismo de ascensión voluble y la anemocoria. La familia predominante fue Dioscoreaceae, no prevalente en estudios en Brasil. A pesar de la proximidad geográfica, la composición florística de los fragmentos de cerradón y de la floresta estacional decidua difiere substancialmente. Las características morfológicas de las especies no difieren estadísticamente, posiblemente por las condiciones climáticas uniformes y la fuerte similitud entre las composiciones florísticas de las familias.

Novelties in secretory structures and anatomy of Rhynchosia (Fabaceae).

A comparative anatomical study was carried out on the secretory structures of leaflets from taxa belonging to the genus Rhynchosia - taxa difficult to delimit because of uncertain interspecific relations - in order to evaluate the potential diagnostic value of these anatomical traits for taxonomic assignment. A further objective was to establish consensual denomination for these secretory structures. The new anatomical features found in these taxa were sufficiently consistent to separate the species evaluated. The presence and localization of glandular-punctate structures bulbous-based trichomes, the number of layers in the palisade parenchyma and the arrangement of vascular units distinguish the taxa investigated and these characteristics can be extended to other species of Papilionoideae. The trichomes analyzed were described and classified into five types. Depicted in diagrams, photomicrographs, and by scanning electron microscopy, and listed for the first time at the genus and species levels. The information obtained served to effectively distinguish the taxa investigated among species of Papilonoideae.

Characterization of microsatellite markers developed from Prosopis rubriflora and Prosopis ruscifolia (Leguminosae - Mimosoideae), legume species that are used as models for genetic diversity studies in Chaquenian areas under anthropization in South America.

BACKGROUND: Prosopis rubriflora and Prosopis ruscifolia are important species in the Chaquenian regions of Brazil. Because of the restriction and frequency of their physiognomy, they are excellent models for conservation genetics studies. The use of microsatellite markers (Simple Sequence Repeats, SSRs) has become increasingly important in recent years and has proven to be a powerful tool for both ecological and molecular studies. FINDINGS: In this study, we present the development and characterization of 10 new markers for P. rubriflora and 13 new markers for P. ruscifolia. The genotyping was performed using 40 P. rubriflora samples and 48 P. ruscifolia samples from the Chaquenian remnants in Brazil. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of the P. rubriflora markers ranged from 0.073 to 0.791, and no null alleles or deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HW) were detected. The PIC values for the P. ruscifolia markers ranged from 0.289 to 0.883, but a departure from HW and null alleles were detected for certain loci; however, this departure may have resulted from anthropic activities, such as the presence of livestock, which is very common in the remnant areas. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we describe novel SSR polymorphic markers that may be helpful in future genetic studies of P. rubriflora and P. ruscifolia.

Floristics and Reproductive Phenology of Trees and Bushes in Central West Brazil.

Environmental conditions such as temperature, soil, photoperiodic factors and precipitation can determine the physical environment favoring the occurrence of given species and interfere with the reproductive period of plants. This work involved monthly excursions to a slope in the Serra de Maracaju between December 2009 and November 2010. Samples were collected in eight 25 x 50 m plots, transverse to the slope, totaling 1 ha sampled. Floristic richness included 79 species distributed into 58 genera and 31 families. Floristic Similarity Analysis and Principal Component Analysis showed the occurrence of two plant formations on the slope: seasonal deciduous forest and cerradão on the eutrophic soil of the slope. Flowering and fruiting occured in the rainy season; correlation with rainfall, mean temperature and photoperiod were negative for flowering and positive for fructification. Trees and bushes presented uniform flowering and a moderately seasonal fructification, which is unexpected in seasonal environments. We discuss the implications of the patterns found and make comparisons with others studies.

Geographic distribution patterns of Leguminosae and their relevance for the conservation of the Itacolomi State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil

This study identified patterns of geographic distribution of 102 Leguminosae taxa within the Park, based on literature data and herbarium specimens. Among the taxa, 38 grow exclusively in Campos Rupestres (rocky fields) and 49 in the Semideciduous Forest. Eleven patterns of geographic distribution were identified, of which the West-East-Central South America pattern was the most representative, with 27 taxa. Of the 102 sampled taxa of Leguminosae, five are endemic to the Espinhaço Range and ten are included in lists of endangered species of the flora of Brazil and Minas Gerais. Information on these taxa is crucial to provide conservation practices for conserving the vegetation formations of the PEIT.

Neste estudo foram identificados os padrões de distribuição geográfica dos 102 táxons de Leguminosae ocorrentes no PEIT, com base nos dados obtidos na literatura e em material de herbário, sendo 38 exclusivos dos Campos Rupestres e 49 das Florestas Estacionais. Foram reconhecidos 11 padrões de distribuição geográfica, dos quais o padrão América do Sul Ocidental-Centro-Oriental foi o mais representativo com 27 táxons. Dos 102 táxons amostrados de Leguminosae, cinco são endêmicos da Cadeia do Espinhaço e 10 constam nas listas de espécies ameaçadas da flora brasileira ou da Flora de Minas Gerais, sendo consideradas importantes para fornecer subsídios na conservação das formações vegetacionais do PEIT.

Percepções do paciente cirúrgico no período pré- operatório acerca da assistência de enfermagem / Perceptions of surgical patient during preoperative period concerning nursing care

Objetivo: descrever a percepção do paciente cirúrgico no período pré-operatório acerca da assistência deenfermagem. Método: estudo qualitativo, constituído por seis pacientes internados na clínica cirúrgica geralde um hospital público no oeste catarinense em março de 2012, após aprovação do CEPSH/UDESC sob onúmero 220/2011. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista semiestruturada e analisados com a técnica deAnálise de Conteúdo. Resultados: do processo de análise emergiram quatro categorias: >; >;> e >. Conclusão: a compreensão da percepção do paciente cirúrgico no período pré-operatório podeagregar subsídios para destacar que uma das formas de prestar assistência é por meio da sistematização daassistência de enfermagem, aliada a uma rotina de orientações, realizada pelo enfermeiro da clinicacirúrgica.

O gênero Rhynchosia Lour. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil / The genus Rhynchosia Lour. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

Rhynchosia, gênero pantropical, é constituído por 230 espécies distribuídas principalmente nos neotrópicos, considerado o centro de diversidade do grupo. Está relacionado filogeneticamente com o gênero Eriosema (DC.) Rchb., do qual se diferencia principalmente por características morfológicas. Em Mato Grosso do Sul está representado por oito táxons: Rhynchosia balansae Micheli var. balansae, R. balansae var. psilantha Fortunato, R. clausseni Benth., R. corylifolia Mart. ex Benth., R. edulis Griseb., R. leucophylla Benth., R. melanocarpa Grear e R. minima (L.) DC. O presente estudo apresenta chave de identificação, descrições, comentários, ilustrações, dados de distribuição geográfica e dos ambientes preferenciais de cada táxon.

Rhynchosia Lour. is a pantropical genus with 230 species, mainly distributed in the neotropics considered the center of diversity of the group. It is philogenetically related to the genus Eriosema (DC.) Rchb., from which it differs mainly through morphological characters. In Mato Grosso do Sul it is represented by eight taxa: Rhynchosia balansae Micheli var. balansae, R. balansae var. psilantha Fortunato, R. clausseni Benth., R. corylifolia Mart. ex Benth., R. edulis Griseb., R. leucophylla Benth., R. melanocarpa Grear and R. minima (L.) DC. The current study presents identification key, descriptions, comments, illustrations, data on geographic distribution and habitat preference of each taxon.

Leguminosae-papilionoideae from the parque estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil / Papilionoideae do Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

This study aims to evaluate the richness of the Papilionoideae species found in the Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema (PEVRI), which is located in the southeast region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and investigate if the habits of this Leguminosae group vary in different formations of the park. Monthly collections, including all habits, were made by walking along pre-established trails, from September 2004 to September 2009. The PEVRI includes Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, Seasonal Alluvial Semideciduous Forest and fields. Twenty-three species distributed in 16 genera and 5 tribes were recorded. Phaseoleae was noted with 7 genera, followed by Dalbergieae with 6 genera and Desmodieae, Indigofereae and Crotalarieae with only 1 genus in each species. Among the 16 recorded genera, Crotalaria L. (4), Aeschynomene L. (3), Desmodium Desv., and Vigna Savi (2) were the most representative. The Papilionoideae with herbaceous and subshrub habits were predominant in humid and pastures, while arboreous species and lianas were recorded in the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. Nine species of Papilionoideae were recorded in humid grasslands, eight species in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, and only one in Alluvial Semideciduous Forest. Papilionoideae found in the PEVRI have also been recorded in cerrado, Seasonal Semideciduous Forest and Pantanal, except Andira inermis, which does not present a reference for Seasonal Alluvial Semideciduous Forest.

Este estudo consiste no inventário das Leguminosae-Papilionoideae do Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema (PEVRI), localizado ao sudeste de Mato Grosso do Sul e na investigação do hábito predominante das espécies nas diferentes formações do parque. As coletas incluindo todos os hábitos foram realizadas por meio de caminhadas, entre setembro de 2004 a setembro de 2009. O PEVRI agrega remanescentes de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua, de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua Aluvial e de campos. Foram registradas 23 espécies reunidas em 16 gêneros e 5 tribos com destaque para Phaseoleae com 7 gêneros, seguida por Dalbergieae com 6 gêneros e Desmodieae, Indigofereae e Crotalarieae representadas por 1 gênero cada. Dentre os 16 gêneros registrados destacaram-se como mais representativos: Crotalaria L. (4), Aeschynomene L. (3), Desmodium Desv. e Vigna Savi (2). As Papilionoideae herbáceas e subarbustivas predominaram em campo úmido e campo com pastagens, as arbóreas e lianas em Floresta Estacional Semidecídua. Nove espécies de Papilionoideae foram registradas em campo úmido, oito em Floresta Estacional Semidecídua e apenas uma em Floresta Estacional Semidecídua Aluvial. As Papilionoideae do PEVRI também foram registradas em outros estudos no Cerrado, Floresta Estacional Semidecídua e Pantanal, exceto Andira inermis, sem registros para a Floresta Semidecídua Aluvial.

Variação química no óleo essencial das folhas de seis indivíduos de Duguetia furfuracea (Annonaceae) / Chemical variability of the essential oil of the leaves from six individuals of Duguetia furfuracea (Annonaceae)

Duguetia furfuracea, Annonaceae, uma invasora de pastagens, é também usada na medicina tradicional em diversos estados no Brasil. Devido à significante diferença de odor entre dois grupos de indivíduos desta planta em um remanescente de cerrado em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, seis amostras foram selecionadas de acordo com a intensidade de odor em suas folhas: In-01, In-03 e In-05: odor pronunciado (Perfil A); In-02, In-04 e In-06: odor fraco ou ausência de odor (Perfil B). As folhas foram coletadas e submetidas a hidrodestilação para obtenção dos óleos essenciais, os quais foram analisados por CG/EM. Uma boa compatibilidade foi encontrada entre os resultados obtidos por CG/EM e a análise olfativa adotada para as amostras: espécimes odor pronunciado apresentaram uma alta porcentagem de monoterpenos e alguns sesquiterpenos: In-01 (β-felandreno, 42,2 por cento; mirceno, 6,8 por cento; α-felandreno, 4,6 por cento); In-03 (terpin-4-ol, 21,6 por cento; sabineno, 17,3 por cento; p-cimeno, 5,6 por cento); In-05 (sabineno, 25,1 por cento; terpin-4-ol, 16,2 por cento; p-cimeno, 8,3 por cento). Apenas sesquiterpenos foram encontrados nos espécimes que apresentaram odor fraco ou ausência do mesmo (com constituinte majoritário biciclogermacreno: 21,4 por cento, 24,0 por cento, and 29,1 por cento, respectivamente, para os In-02, In-04 e In-06).

Duguetia furfuracea, Annonaceae, a pasture weed, is also used in folk medicine in several Brazilian states. Because of the significant difference in odor between two groups of this plant in a remnant patch of savanna in Campo Grande county, Mato Grosso do Sul, six samples were selected according to the odor intensity in the leaves (In-01, In-03, and In-05: pronounced odor; In-02, In-04, and In-06: weak odor or its absence). The leaves were collected and subjected to steam distillation for extraction of essential oils, which were analyzed by GC-MS. A good agreement was found between CG/MS results and olfactory evaluation of the samples: specimens exhibiting leaf scent had a high percentage of monoterpenes and some sesquiterpenes, as follows: In-01 (β-phellandrene, 42.2 percent; myrcene, 6.8 percent; α-phellandrene, 4.6 percent); In-03 (terpin-4-ol, 21.6 percent; sabinene, 17.3 percent; p-cymene, 5.6 percent); In-05 (sabinene, 25.1 percent; terpin-4-ol, 16.2 percent; p-cymene, 8.3 percent). Only sesquiterpenes were found in the specimens having weakly scented or scentless leaves (main constituent bicyclogermacrene: 21.4 percent, 24.0 percent, and 29.1 percent, respectively, for In-02, In-04 and In-06).

[Comparison of four measurements of sickness absence in workers in the Veneto Region: interpretation and applicability. Data from Italian National Social Security Institute, 1997-2002]. / Quattro misure di assenze dal lavoro per malattia nei lavoratori del veneto, dati INPS 1997-2002: interpretazione dei risultati e applicabilità.

BACKGROUND: In 2005, 52% of workers in the Veneto Region reported one or more sick leave spells in the previous 12 months, compared with 16% reported in the European Survey on Working Condition in 2000 (ESWC), although health conditions were better in the Veneto Region than in the ESWC. OBJECTIVES: Since the above findings were based on answers to a questionnaire, we used an objective source of information in order to further investigate the problem. METHODS: The source of data consisted of the sick leave records of workers in the Veneto Region, 1997-2002, which were obtained from the Italian National Social Security Institute (INPS). Four measurements were used: (1) frequency = number of sick-leave spells during the study period/number of insured persons at risk for sickness absence during the study period; (2) cumulative incidence = number of persons with at least one new sick-leave spell during the study period/number of insured persons at risk for sickness absence during the study period; (3) sick-leave rate = number of sick-leave days during the study period/number of insured persons at risk for sickness absence during the study period; (4) duration of absence = number of sick-leave days in new sick leave spells during the study period/number of new sick-leave spells during the study period. Cumulative incidence could only be analyzed by statistical methods (binomial regression). RESULTS: The first three measurements gave overlapping results. The values were highest in industry, lowest in agriculture, and intermediate in crafts and services; they were highest in middle-aged subjects and lowest in younger and older individuals; the time trend increased up to 1999 and then decreased slowly. Cumulative incidence was 52.0%, 38.0%, 36.4% and 22.9%, in industry, services, crafts, and agriculture, respectively, and 42.8% in the total population. The results of binomial regression confirmed the above pattern, as well as an excess in women, in white collar workers, and in various occupational categories which, however, were probably not due to occupational exposures since in each occupational category the risk was always higher in industry than in crafts. By contrast, the sick-leave rate was higher in crafts and agriculture and lower in services and industry; it increased exponentially with age and did not show real differences between males and females. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of measurements influences the results; duration of absence could be used to detect areas of suspected work-related diseases, while cumulative incidence might be more helpful to detect areas of suspected absenteeism/presenteeism.