ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Because cardiovascular function and hemodynamics markedly change during pregnancy, our aim was to elucidate left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in pregnant women.MethodsâandâResults:We prospectively collected the data of 397 pregnant women treated between 2012 and 2013. We evaluated their LV systolic and diastolic functions via echocardiography during the 3rd trimester (28-30 weeks' gestation) and within 4 days of delivery. Additionally, we analyzed the cardiac geometry: relative wall thickness and LV mass index (LVMI). Diastolic dysfunction was defined as early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (e') <7 cm/s and peak early filling velocity (E)/e' ratio >15. The pregnant women were 33.7±5.0 years old and the prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) was 4.0%. LV systolic function was preserved in all pregnant women. However, diastolic function significantly decreased after delivery (mean e': 12.6 vs. 11.6 cm/s, P<0.0001; median E/e' ratio: 6.4 vs. 7.3, P<0.0001). Diastolic function after delivery was associated with the prevalence of HDP (P=0.035) and was correlated with age (R=-0.17, P=0.0009) and LVMI (R=-0.30, P<0.0001). However, these changes in diastolic function remained within the normal range and only 1 woman (1/397, 0.3%) had LV diastolic dysfunction after delivery. CONCLUSIONS: LV diastolic function decreased after delivery in pregnant women but was within the normal range.
Subject(s)
Heart Ventricles/physiopathology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology , Peripartum Period , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology , Ventricular Function, Left , Ventricular Remodeling , Adult , Diastole , Echocardiography, Doppler , Female , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnostic imaging , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology , Maternal Age , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/diagnostic imaging , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/etiology , Prospective Studies , Recovery of Function , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the values and the changes of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin in pregnant women. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively collected the data of 405 pregnant women who were treated at Japanese general hospital between 2012 and 2013. We analyzed their laboratory data and echocardiographic findings during the third trimester (28-30 weeks' gestation) and within 4 days of delivery. In addition, we evaluated the factors associated with elevation of BNP and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels. The pregnant women were 33.8 ± 5.0 years old and the prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and placental abnormality was 4.2% and 2.5%, respectively. BNP levels increased after delivery (13.2 pg/mL vs. 23.5 pg/mL; P <0.001), correlated with increased left ventricular diastolic dimension (P = 0.035), left atrial dimension (P <0.001), and decreased hemoglobin (P <0.001). Moreover, cTnI levels increased to over 0.015 ng/mL after delivery in 4.0% of pregnant women. In multivariate analysis, PIH (OR: 18.71, P = 0.003), placental abnormality (OR: 26.78, P = 0.007), and decreased hemoglobin after delivery (OR: 2.59, P <0.001) were the factors associated with elevated cTnI. CONCLUSIONS: BNP levels increased in association with cardiac chamber enlargement and decreased hemoglobin after delivery. Additionally, the factors affecting elevated cTnI levels were related to labor and delivery.
Subject(s)
Heart Ventricles/physiopathology , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/epidemiology , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism , Placenta/abnormalities , Troponin I/metabolism , Adult , Female , Hemoglobins/analysis , Humans , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/metabolism , Japan , Peripartum Period , Placenta/metabolism , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Prevalence , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Arabidopsis belongs to the Brassicaceae family and plays an important role as a model plant for which researchers have developed fine-tuned genome resources. Genome sequencing projects have been initiated for other members of the Brassicaceae family. Among these projects, research on Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) started early because of strong interest in this species. Here, we report the development of a library of Chinese cabbage full-length cDNA clones, the RIKEN BRC B. rapa full-length cDNA (BBRAF) resource, to accelerate research on Brassica species. We sequenced 10 000 BBRAF clones and confirmed 5476 independent clones. Most of these cDNAs showed high homology to Arabidopsis genes, but we also obtained more than 200 cDNA clones that lacked any sequence homology to Arabidopsis genes. We also successfully identified several possible candidate marker genes for plant defence responses from our analysis of the expression of the Brassica counterparts of Arabidopsis marker genes in response to salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. We compared gene expression of these markers in several Chinese cabbage cultivars. Our BBRAF cDNA resource will be publicly available from the RIKEN Bioresource Center and will help researchers to transfer Arabidopsis-related knowledge to Brassica crops.
